Solidarische Rivalen: Geschwisterbeziehungen in der Frühen Neuzeit aus der Sicht der Emotionsgeschichte

Teaching science is again receiving increased attention in educational science, didactic and political debates. This review article will present the focal points of research concerning the didactics of science and perspectives for the development of science teaching. It will look at the goals of science education, on the one hand, and at the topics of empirical research and studies concerning a substantive development of teaching and lessons in science, on the other. The contribution closes with an outlook on the implementation of new developments and future perspectives for science education.     

Schwerer Mangel der Durchführung der Prüfung

Kein schwerer Mangel des Prüfungsverfahrens, wenn die Begründung für das negative Ergebnis einer mündlichen Prüfung im Prüfungsprotokoll nicht festgehalten wird. Kein schwerer Mangel des Prüfungsverfahrens wenn nicht der Vorsitzende der kommissionellen mündlichen Prüfung das Prüfungsprotokoll führt.     

Aus der Arbeit der Internationalen Vereinigung Für Jugendhilfe

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Verteufelung des Bildes in der Geschichte der Pädagogik

Children and youth consume pictures in a very loose, often in a sophistic way, nowadays. On the other hand educators and pedagogies faced pictures sceptically and refused iconic representations to be a means of acquiring knowledge.

Only when didactically and methodologically used, they claimed as a professionalized option, pictures could be suitful with regard to learning processes.

Pedagogues suspicially feared to loose control rejecting the irritating totality of pictures. Pointing consequently to the didactic use of pictures and images they better should have abandonned the moralistic point of view. They did not–as the history of the “Bewahrpädagogik” shows ‐, and therefore they presented a stereotype, although professional reaction to the problem of images and pictures “intruding”, “penetrating” children's life.

The article shows examples of the pedagogue's rejecting position towards children, consuming images and pictures, stating that their reaction has been a common reflex and a widespread attitude among eudcators.     

Kulturelle und künstlerische Bildung in der Volksschule der Schweiz

Music, visual arts and design instruction has hardly been studied by the educational research community in Switzerland. Beyond a narrow group of specialists, there is little aware-ness of the basic pedagogical premises, subject matter expertise and the theoretical underpinnings of music visual art and design education although these areas of instruction are firmly anchored in the education goals for compulsory public schooling that have been outlined at national level in Switzerland and a generous amount of instructional time appears to be allocated to these subject areas in comparison with curriculum guidelines in other countries. This paper presents the findings of a trend analysis focused on music, visual arts and design instruction in Switzerland. It shows the importance accorded to aesthetic subjects within the scope of compulsory public education, explores differences in the amount of time resources allocated to these subject areas and describes the subject-specific and cross-functional goals and objectives. Teacher education programs are also examined as their current content and structure raise concerns about inadequate teacher qualifications that contradict the ambitious curricular goals. A review of previous research efforts, most of which have explored the transfer effects of creative, artistic subject areas, follows and desiderata with respect to the future development of research activities are presented.     

Gliederung der Austausehstudiengange von Hochschulen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Großbritannien

Die Auslandsaktivitäten der Fachhochschulen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auf studentischer Ebene kann man in die vier Kategorien: Praxisse-mester, Sprachintensivkurse, Studien- und Prüfungsleistungen sowie Studienabschlüsse gliedern, denen sich mehrere Merkmale zuordnen lassen, die für die Förderungswürdig-keit der Programme bedeutsam sind. Aus der Fülle unterschiedlicher Austauschprogram-marten erfolgt das Vorstellen des Reutlinger sowie des Osnabrucker Modells mit dem gemeinsamen Merkmal ‘Doppelqualifikation von zwei national anerkannten Hochschul-graden’.

Structure of Joint-study-programmes in the Federal Republic of Germany and Great Britain. Academic links for students of Fachhochschulen are mainly structured in four categories: industrial training, intensive language courses, examinations, national degrees. The following six characteristics can be attributed to the above mentioned categories: activity with academic or national recognition; activity on an obligatory or voluntary basis; activity that can be done within the normal 4 years period of study or which causes a prolongation of study; activity that works reciprocally; activity with the chance of becoming a normal study course; activity on a binational or even multinational basis. These six characteristics are important for students to be eligible for scholarship through the ERASMUS Bureau or other organisations. Out of the plenty of different joint-study-programmes, which are classified by the categories mentioned, the ‘Reutlinger and the Osnabrücker models’ are presented as courses with double qualifications.     

Die Pädagogische Situation der Gegenwart unter dem Einfluss der Modernen Technik

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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The position of education confronted as it is by the technical development of the present time

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La situation de l'éducation face à la technique contemporaine

     

Volkswirtschaftliche Erträge wirksamer Bildungsreformen zur Reduktion der Zahl der Risikoschüler

The weak educational performance of a noteworthy share of students in Germany is not only a problem in itself, in the sense of a missing capability for self-dependent participation in society. It also has substantial consequences for the economy. This article provides projections of the economic returns that can be expected from hypothetical educational reforms that succeed in effectively reducing the number of at-risk students. We start by discussing existing theoretical and empirical research on the consequences of educational competencies for economic growth. On this basis, we perform projections of the magnitudes of additional economic wealth that can be expected from effective educational investments. Apart from a summary of existing results of long-run projections to 2090, we also report new projections for shorter time horizons. The results, which report the economic returns to effective educational reforms that reduce the number of at-risk students by state (Bundesland) in 10-year intervals from 2020–2050, may prove particularly relevant in political and budgetary discussions. The article closes with a discussion of results from the economics of education literature on which educational reforms might be expected to be successful in reducing the number of at-risk students.     

Die Stellung der Akkreditierungsbehörden im Hochschulrecht – ein Fehler der Verfassungsgesetzgebung?

Durch das "Bundesverfassungsgesetz, mit dem das Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz geändert und ein Erstes Bundesverfassungsrechtsbereinigungsgesetz erlassen wird", BGBl I 2008/2, wurden die Verfassungsbestimmungen des FHStG und des UniAkkG über die Weisungsfreistellung der genannten Akkreditierungsorgane in einfache bundesgesetzliche Bestimmungen umgewandelt. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob diese Umwandlung zu einem verfassungswidrigen Zustand geführt hat.     

Gegenwartsfragen des Bildungswesens in der Sowjetunion im Spiegel der Zeitschrift „Sovetskaja Pedagogika”

Ohne ZusammenfassungVgl. die Berichte in VI/1960, S. 116ff., S. 478ff., VII/1961, S. 342ff.     

Kritik der evidenzbasierten Pädagogik

Evidence-based education aims at improving the effectiveness of educational interventions and programs through knowledge on the basis of rigorous scientific research. However, evidence-based education should not be equated with empirical educational research; nor should it be understood as an independent paradigm of educational science, because of its focus on educational practice. The specific notion of how science and practice relate to each other, which is fundamental to evidence-based education, is exposed to a threefold critique, namely concerning the technological conception of educational practice, the supposed abstinence from theory as frame for educational research, and the disregard of communication as medium of educational effectiveness. The last paragraph of the paper presents a reminiscent sketch of an alternative conception of the relation between science and practice as it can be found with some representatives of educational psychology.     

Kongreβ der FIAI und der WCOTP Frankfurt/Main,Juli/August 1957

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Von der Meritokratie zur Parentokratie?

In 1990, the English educational sociologist Phillip Brown argued that the age of meritocracy had been replaced by a mode of allocating life chances following an “ideology of parentocracy”. In a parentocracy, parents’ wishes and resources are decisive for the allocation of life chances of individual pupils. This proposition was taken up many times in the following years. The article argues against the parentocracy proposition and argues that meritocracy has not become weaker as a legitimatory norm of the allocation of life chances and social inequality. However, on the level of the actual operation of the educational system and its interaction with its environment, parentocracy does play a role. This is discussed using on the one hand the way in which Eton College presents itself to its environment and on the other hand how it actually recruits pupils. The article discusses this using a neoinstitutionalist theoretical frame. Finally, the article discusses the ambivalent role of performance data within the uneasy relationship of meritocracy and parentocracy.     

Veränderungen in der sozialen und ethnischen Zusammensetzung der Schülerschaft aus demografischer Perspektive

In this paper, we examine current changes in the ethnic and social composition of the preschool and school aged population as well as the consequences these changes may have for educational participation and thus for overall educational attainment in the near future. Based on the micro-census 2008 survey, we identify groups of migrants by region of parents’ origin where children – despite low levels of parents’ education and comparatively few socioeconomic resources – have greater chances of upward educational mobility than non-migrant children. By contrast, children from less educated, nonmigrant families show a much lower tendency to be upwardly mobile, and educational choices are more closely tied to the economic and social background. Thus, our analysis provides evidence that educational background and socio-economic resources in the students’ families are of greater importance for the overall development of educational attainment in Germany than characteristics of migration and ethnicity.     

Geht’s auch mit der Maus? – Eine Methodenstudie zu Online-Befragungen in der Jugendforschung

While internet based surveys have gained importance in recent years, their use in adolescent related research is rare at best. The present paper offers an overview of advantages and disadvantages of online surveys and discusses their use in regard to the questioning of adolescents. In a comparison between two random samples of 13 to 17 year olds, we examine how differences between a telephone (N?= 1,784) and an online (N?= 1,652) survey materialize in regard to the coverage rate, discontinuation behavior, and item-non-response. The sampling is analyzed further with regard to sociodemographic differences. While there are no expected coverage problems for the adolescent target group, the results show that adolescents from educated families, as well as those with a migration background, took part more often in the online survey as opposed to the telephone survey. Also, a more intensive mobile use of the internet, as well as in part greater sports activity, is connected to a higher willingness to take part in the survey which suggests that the survey topic influences the willingness to participate.     

Die Bedeutung der sozialen Herkunft und des Migrationshintergrundes f��r Lehrerurteile am Beispiel der Grundschulempfehlung

In Germany, teachers give a recommendation on the type of school a student should attend after primary school. In some federal states, access to a more demanding school type is restricted to students holding an appropriate recommendation. In a first step, we discuss different theories and approaches as to why a student??s social origin or migration background has an impact on the recommendation, irrespective of school performance. Then we test different hypotheses using data of a combined teacher, student, and parent survey, conducted from the 3^rd grade on in Bavaria and Hessen. Overall, we have information on 1.644 students and 147 teachers. We find strong relationships between social origin and school recommendations as teachers take parents?? educational aspirations into account. Students?? positive school behavior has a positive impact on getting a recommendation for a higher school type; however, the influence of parents?? socio-economic status remains. The data show no evidence for children with migration backgrounds facing greater risks of receiving lower recommendations than other children??irrespective of their family language.     

Die Rolle der Pädagogischen Forschung im Bereich der sozialen Erziehung Oslo,August 1961

Ohne Zusammenfassung