论"问题解决"教学法在"两课"教学中的应用

“问题解决”教学法,是近年来国际教育界提出的一种新的教学方法和教学理念。在“两课”教学中应用“问题解决”教学法,不仅是形势发展的需要,也是“两课”建设与改革的内在要求。实施和应用“问题解决”教学法,必须注意以下问题:不能排斥和取代其他教学方法;选择的问题要准确;教师要尊重学生的提问,不能遏止学生创新;注意提高教师的综合素质。     

"问题解决"教学在高中地理中的应用

随着我国社会经济的快速发展,对于人才的培养也提出了新的标准.地理课程作为一门培养综合性素质人才的课程,更需要高举改革的旗帜.如何在新的形势下建立一种以人发展为主体的教学模式,建立一个学生认知的地理课程教学模式,并让课堂教学充满生机和活力,为学生的后续发展打下基础,成为了需要重点解决的问题.本文重点分析和探讨了"问题解决"教学在高中地理教学的应用.     

仿射变换在解决初等几何问题中的应用

<正>高等几何为我们提供了解决初等几何证问题中的一些方法.这些方法虽然大多不能直接进入中学课堂,但它们能够帮助我们思考问题,启发我们获得初等证法,有时其证明过程还能帮助我们找到发现新的命题.如果适当地运用仿射几何知识,在解决问题时,就会使问题简化,收到事半功倍的效果.仿射变换的性质取决于透视仿射的性质,经过一切透视仿射变换不改变的性质和数量,称为仿射不变性和仿射不变量.透视仿射(即平行摄影)将点映成点,将直线映成直线,因此透视仿射具有同素性、结合性.针对仿射变换的不变性和不变量,我们可以解决初等几何中的有关仿射性质的问题.     

谈"问题解决"在数学教学中的应用

很多生活问题可转化为数学问题,通过建立数学模型加以解决。问题解决是数学教育的一个目的。问题解决是一种基本技能,是若干技巧的一个整体。问题设置时应充分考虑学生的可接受性,激发学生的探索欲望。     

浅谈“问题解决”教学法在中学物理教学中的应用

一、“问题解决”教学法的由来与对新课程背景下课堂教学的意义在上世纪80年代,美国教育界的数学教师协会提出了“以问题解决为学校教育中心”的口号,     

几何画板在平面解析几何教学中的应用研究

借助平面解析几何教学中的一系列案例,讨论几何画板在促进学生数学概念的形成、数学定理的发现与验证、数学问题解决过程中的应用。     

问题解决教学法在"细菌培养"一节教学中的应用

问题解决型教育是以“发展知识的运用能力”为目标，是一种问题解决、问题定向、以问题为基础的学习。这种学习过程，知识是通过学习者在一定的情景即社会文化背景下，借助他人的帮助，利用必要的学习资料，通过意义构建的方式获得的，因此，它符合建构主义的学习理论及教学原则。现将“细菌培养”一节中的问题解决教学法的应用介绍如下。     

"问题解决"教学在数学教学中的实践

“问题解决”教学是实施素质教育,进行数学教育改革的一种有效教学模式。在数学课堂教学中如果能根据教学目标,设计并提出系列具有趣味和魅力的问题和任务,向学生提出智力挑战,引起学生的思考,将激发学生参与整个教学过程,最终达到学生主动发现、积极探索,深层次理解并掌握和应用隐含于问题背后的知识,提高解决问题的能力。     

"问题解决"在数学创新教学中的应用

培养创新型人才是时代的要求.数学作为学校教育的主要阵地,其发挥着不可取代的作用.正确理解"问题解决"的教育观念,全面掌握"问题解决"的教学原理,灵活运用"问题解决"的教学模式,能使我们紧密结合数学的学科特点,充分发挥数学的学科优势,培养学生的创新精神和提高学生的创新能力,这对促进数学教学改革和推进我国素质教育具有深远的意义.     

几何画板在平面解析几何教学中的应用研究

借助平面解析几何教学中的一系列案例,讨论几何画板在促进学生数学概念的形成、数学定理的发现与验证、数学问题解决过程中的应用。     

"问题解决"与中学数学课程教学

"问题解决"在国际数学界受到普遍的重视,并被引入一些国家的数学课程中."问题解决"和数学课程有紧密的联系,是当前我国数学教育的发展趋势,它所强调的创造能力和应用意识是中学数学课程中要体现的思想精髓.     

实训教学对解决数控编程问题影响的实验研究

抽取数控加工专业学生66人,利用眼动追踪技术进行实验研究,结果表明：实训教学影响被试的解题效率,经过实训教学的被试解题效率更高;实训教学影响被试的眼动模式,经过实训教学的被试比未经过实训教学的被试的注视次数、眨眼次数更少;实训教学会影响到被试对零件图观看的重点,相比之下,经过实训教学的被试在阅读零件图时更多地从零件的加工工艺上考虑.鉴于实训教学对学生掌握数控技能的帮助,教学上可多采用类似于实训教学的方式,在数控理论讲授时应与多媒体情景教学和数控仿真教学相结合.     

平面几何入门教学

通过对初学平面几何所面临的困难进行剖析 ,找到顺利入门的途径     

Case analysis of children's reasoning in problem-solving process

Recognising critical reasoning and problem-solving as one of the key skills for twenty-first century citizenship, various types of problem contexts have been practiced in science classrooms to enhance students’ understandings and use of evidence-based thinking and justification. Good problems need to allow students to adapt and evaluate the effectiveness of their knowledge, reasoning and problem-solving strategies. When students are engaged in complex and open-ended problem tasks, it is assumed their reasoning and problem-solving paths become complex with creativity and evidence in order to justify their conclusion and solutions. This study investigated the levels of reasoning evident in student discourse when engaging in different types of problem-solving tasks and the role of teacher interactions on students’ reasoning. Fifteen students and a classroom teacher in a Grade 5–6 classroom participated in this study. Through case analyses, the study findings suggest that (a) there was no clear co-relation between certain structures of problem tasks and the level of reasoning in students’ problem-solving discourse, (b) students exhibited more data-based reasoning than evidence-based and rule-based justification in experiment-based problem-solving tasks, and (c) teacher intervention supported higher levels of student reasoning. Pedagogical reflections on the difficulties of constructing effective problem-solving tasks and the need for developing teacher scaffolding strategies are discussed.     

试论化学教学中的"问题解决教学法"

根据现代教育理论，结合教学实践和具体实例，阐述了在化学教学中“问题解决教学法”的教学艺术，即建立和谐气氛，创设问题情景，分析问题要素，沟通新旧联系，优化教学策略等，以达到培养学生学会学习，学会创新之目的。     

Two approaches to teaching young children science concepts,vocabulary, and scientific problem-solving skills

The present study examined the efficacy of two different approaches to teaching designed to facilitate children's learning about science concepts and vocabulary related to objects’ floating and sinking and scientific problem-solving skills: responsive teaching (RT) and the combination of responsive teaching and explicit instruction (RT + EI). Participants included 104 children (51 boys) aged four to five years. Small groups of children were randomly assigned to one of the two intervention groups (RT, RT + EI) or to a control group. Responsive teaching (RT) reflects a common approach to teaching young children, and the combination approach (RT + EI) includes explicit instruction as well as responsive teaching. The two planned interventions were implemented with preschool children and provided evidence that (1) young children learned science concepts and vocabulary better when either responsive teaching or the combination of responsive teaching and explicit instruction was used; (2) children in the combined intervention group learned more science concepts and vocabulary and more content-specific scientific problem-solving skills than children in either the responsive teaching or control groups. Limitations, future directions, and implications for practice are also discussed.     

Quantitative reasoning and problem-solving strategy of children in different ethnic groups

The purpose of the research is to explore second graders＇ concept of number development and quantitative reasoning. For this purpose, there were two stages of trials for the children. The first trial was concrete objects. After three months, the children participated in the second trial of half concrete objects. Since understanding the process of solving problems in children is necessary, the researcher observed how children used strategies to discriminate numerosity. After that, the researcher interviewed some students. The research sample came from second graders in Taiwan and Hawaii elementary schools. Twenty students participated in each place. In addition, it was observed whether numerical discrimination strategy in children is the same as in adults. The sample included 20 adults. The result of the research showed that Taiwanese and Hawaiian children reached up to a 90% rate of correct answers in the trial of real objects. However, in the trial of half concrete objects, the rate of correct answers was down to 65%, especially when children compared two quantities of 5：6 ratios. As for strategy, the strategies of the children who gave correct answers were the same as the adults who gave completely correct answers. Because their discrimination was not influenced by distance effect, they could judge the numbers correctly. However, the children who got 90% correct answers were impacted by distance effect, but not influenced by the size of the object. The research suggests that teachers give children real objects to estimate or discriminate the quantities of numbers in their lives.     

加强高职学生解决问题能力培训的研究

本文论述了加强高职学生解决问题能力培训的意义,介绍了培训的基本内容、基本途径和七种培训教学的方法。     

解题教学中应重视"堵"的作用

解题教学中提倡运用“疏导”的教学思想本是无可非议的 ,但我们在倡导“疏”的同时 ,也应重视“堵”的作用 ,发挥“堵”的教学价值 ,积极地运用“堵截”手段控制教学过程 ,提高解题教学的质量。1　“堵”在解题教学中的作用从教学方法论的角度说 ,“堵”是一种控制手段。教学中恰当地运用“堵截” ,可以有效地控制教学过程中的信息输入量、学生的思维走向及教学的节奏、势态等。就像水库一样 ,经过大坝的堵截 ,既控制了水的流量 ,又控制了水流的方向。从辩证法的观点看 ,“堵”和“疏”本是对立统一的两个方面。水渠的例子是非常形象生动的 …     

Social problem-solving among disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged adolescents

The study examined the differences of social problem-solving (SPS) among 12-, 14- and 16-year-old Hungarian disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged adolescents (N = 382) and investigated the relationship between SPS and family background (FB). SPS was measured through students’ own and their teachers’ evaluations by an adapted questionnaire (Social Problem-Solving Inventory–Revised, factors: negative/positive problem orientation, rationality, impulsivity and avoidance). Based on the total values of SPS, the difference between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged adolescents was significant in all age groups in the case of negative orientation. The difference was significant in the case of impulsivity at the age of 12; in the case of avoidance at the age of 14; in the case of rationality and avoidance at the age of 16. FB had the strongest link with negative orientation, impulsivity and avoidance. In case of impulsivity and avoidance, variance explained by FB was higher among 16-year olds than among 12- and 14-year olds.