数学焦虑影响数学学业成就的作用机制——数学元认知的中介作用

选取小学2～6年级学生共285人为被试,采用儿童数学焦虑量表(MASC)和小学数学元认知问卷(QPMAM)进行调查,将被试最近两次大型数学测验的平均分作为儿童数学学业成就的效标.探查儿童的数学焦虑,数学元认知和数学学业成就3者之间的关系和相互作用机制.结果表明:(1)数学焦虑和数学学业成就存在负向相关.(2)中等、高数学焦虑组儿童数学学业成就显著低于低数学焦虑组,中等、高数学焦虑组儿童数学元认知水平显著低于低数学焦虑组.(3)数学元认知在数学焦虑和数学学业成就之间起到了完全中介的作用.     

元认知、学习动机与数学学业成就关系的研究

以251名四～六年级小学生为被试,采用相关分析、多元回归分析的方法,探讨元认知、学习动机鸟数学学业成就之间的关系。结果发现：元认知、学习动机存在显著年级差异,其中元认知中的监测、调整也存在显著的年级差异;元认知与学习动机总体相关显著。元认知与数学学业成就存在显著正相关,学习动机与数学学业成就也存在显著正相关。元认知中的计划、监测、调节与学习动机存在显著正相关,其中监测与学习动机相关最高;元认知中的监测对学习动机、数学学业成就存在显著回归效应。     

高中生高效率数学学习策略特征及对数学学业水平的影响路径

以“高中生数学学习策略问卷”为工具,分别在中国南北5个不同省市取样,经数据分析得出:(1)高效率数学学习学生的元认知策略较为突出,认知策略与资源管理策略仅显著高于低效组学生,与普通组学生无显著性差异.(2)高效率学生擅于运用监视策略、反馈调节策略、时间管理策略、环境管理策略与心境管理策略,而在求助策略上与其他学生没有显著性差异.(3)高中生高效率数学学习策略与数学学业水平呈显著正相关.(4)元认知策略、资源管理策略对数学学业水平有正向直接影响,认知策略则通过影响元认知策略和资源管理策略对数学学业水平产生间接影响;就影响效果而言,认知策略、元认知策略以及资源管理策略均为中效果.     

初中生元认知与数学学业成绩的关系：基于潜在剖面分析

以2844名初中生为研究对象,采用潜在剖面分析方法探索元认知类别,并揭示这些类别与数学学业成绩的关系。结果发现：初中生的元认知存在4个类别,即低知识低调节—波动组、中间水平—波动组、高知识高调节—波动组、高知识高调节—稳定组;初中生数学学业成绩在元认知类别上的差异显著,具体表现为高知识高调节—稳定组的数学学业成绩最高,低知识低调节—波动组的数学学业成绩最低,其他两组居中;在中间水平—波动组和高知识高调节—波动组中,女生数学学业成绩高于男生,其他两组学生数学学业成绩的性别差异不显著。建议初中数学教师通过引导学生积极提问、帮助学生搭建元认知脚手架、鼓励学生开展合作学习等方式,培养和提升学生的元认知技能。     

高中生数学学业情绪、学习策略与数学成绩的关系

本研究通过对464名高二学生问卷调查,考察了高中生学业情绪、学习策略与数学成绩的关系。结果显示：数学成绩与数学自我概念、积极情绪、元认知学习策略成显著正相关,与消极情绪成显著负相关;高兴、自豪与认知、元认知策略成显著正相关,生气、焦虑、无助、厌倦与认知、元认知策略成显著负相关;情绪、学习策略、自我概念和环境因素可以显著...     

藏族小学生数学阅读理解调查研究

对349名藏族学生对数学阅读理解水平进行测试、问卷调查及访谈。藏文成绩与语文成绩均和数学成绩呈显著的正相关关系,即藏文成绩和语文成绩越好,数学成绩也会相应的越好。藏族学生在数学阅读中往往注意力不够集中,对阅读题目中的信息提取和信息处理的能力较差,对基础知识掌握不到位导致数学阅读理解障碍。藏族学生对文字语言表达的数学知识的理解要强于用符号语言和图形语言表达的较为抽象的数学知识,并且缺乏三种语言之间的互译能力。不同年级学生在元认知监控和元认知体验上存在一定的差异,高年级学生在有关元认知策略和自我监控方面的知识优于低年级学生,但藏族学生在数学学习中运用元认知的总体水平较低,反思问题、总结知识的意识和习惯比较差。数学成绩优异的藏族学生在数学学习中运用元认知的意识和水平较高,而数学成绩差的藏族学生在数学学习中运用元认知的意识和水平较差。社会家庭环境、语言、教师、数学元认知等因素影响藏族学生数学阅读理解。     

高职生数学应用问题解决的元认知表现特征

采用问卷测查法,观察法、个别访谈法等方法对高职生在数学应用问题解决中的元认知表现进行研究,结果显示：总体来看,高职生在解数学应用问题中的元认知表现的水平不高;数学元认知水平对数学应用问题解决能力有显著的影响;高职生数学学业成绩与其在解数学应用题中的元认知表现有显著的相关关系;专业背景对高职生在数学应用问题解决中的元认知表现水平有显著影响。     

高职生数学元认知水平现状调查研究

高职学生的数学学业成绩较差,很多学生数学学习兴趣弱、自学能力差、自卑心理较重等特征比较明显.学生的元认知水平是影响高职生数学学业成绩的重要因素.高职生的元认知水平相对偏低,水平发展不平衡,在元认知的各个要素上还存在着诸多不足;高职生数学元认知水平及其各要素与其数学学业成绩之间均存在着显著的相关关系:在元认知知识方面,优、中、差生有显著差异,在元认知体验和元认知监控方面差异不大.     

影响高中生数学学业成绩的主因素分析

应用学习经验问卷,对高中生进行数学学习经验调查,我们得出如下结论:(1)高中生数学学习态度得分较高,学习焦虑得分较低;学习焦虑中,课堂焦虑最严重,考试焦虑次之;学习态度中,学习信心得分最低,有用性最高;学习动机中,工作投入显著高于自我投入;(2)高中生数学成绩、学习焦虑与学习动机均存在显著的性别差异;(3)高焦虑、中等焦虑、低焦虑3组之间,学生学业成绩具有显著差异,其中,中间组学习成绩最好,而高焦虑组成绩最差;(4)高中生数学学习焦虑、学习态度与学习动机之间,以及它们与学业成绩之间均存在显著相关;(5)高中生数学学习焦虑、学习动机、学习态度对学业成绩均有预测作用.     

初一学生数学问题解决中的动静态元认知研究

元认知有相对静态和动态的形式,这两种不同的形式影响着数学问题解决.初一的优、中、差生静态元认知水平没有显著性差异,但其动态元认知水平差异显著.静、动态元认知与数学问题解决能力、数学学业成绩显著相关,但动态元认知和数学问题解决的关系更为显著.     

Reading achievement, metacognition, reading self-concept and interest: A study of German students in grades 3 and 4

This study examined the reading achievement, metacognitive knowledge related to reading and memory, reading self-concept, and interest in reading of 140 German school students in Grades 3 and 4. The results indicated significant correlations between the metacognitive variables, motivational variables, and amongst metacognitive and motivational variables, as well as with reading achievement variables. The examination of good and poor readers showed significant differences in metacognitive knowledge of reading and memory, reading self-concept, interest in reading, and in teacher judgements of reading achievement between the groups. Differences between Grade 3 and 4 students were found in their word decoding skills, metacognitive knowledge about reading and memory, and teacher judgements of reading achievement. Results of the regression analysis indicated that reading achievement was predicted by grade level, word decoding, and teacher evaluations of reading achievement. The causal modelling indicated that motivation and metacognition affect reading comprehension in different ways. The findings are discussed in terms of future research and their educational implications.     

Metacognitive skills in Belgian third grade children (age 8 to 9) with and without mathematical learning disabilities

This paper presents a study on mathematical problem solving in third-grade pupils. The relationship between mathematics, metacognition and intelligence was investigated in children with (n = 191) and without mathematical learning disabilities (n = 268). A significant relationship was found between prediction, evaluation, intelligence, procedural and mathematical fact retrieval skills in children without mathematical learning disabilities. In the children with mathematical learning disabilities a relationship was found between metacognitive and procedural skills. No such relationship was found between intelligence and metacognition or between metacognition and mathematical fact retrieval skills. In addition it was investigated if children with mathematical learning disabilities had less adequate metacognitive skills than peers without learning problems. At group level significant differences were found between both groups. However on analyzing these results further, it was found that four out of five children with combined mathematical learning disabilities, half of the children with procedural disabilities and only 5% of the children with a retrieval deficiency had low metacognitive skills. Furthermore, metacognitive problems were found in one out of five children without learning disabilities. Moreover, a majority of the children with mathematical learning disabilities and inadequate metacognitive skills had problems with prediction and evaluation skills. Most third graders with low metacognitive skills only appeared to have problems predicting the level of difficulty of tasks. Inaccurate evaluations were found on a more regular basis in children with mathematical learning disabilities and inadequate metacognitive skills as opposed to the sample of children with inadequate metacognitive skills but without learning difficulties, where their occurrence was rather a one off. The implications of this study for diagnosis and treatment will be discussed later in this paper.     

英语专业学生元认知监控学习策略调查

本文以元认知为基础,对英语专业学生英语学习中元认知监控策略的使用情况作了调查,目的在于发现英语专业学生四级成绩是否与元认知监控策略的使用显著相关。在此基础上,对英语专业教师及学生提出一些教学及学习建议。     

Exploring the Impacts of Cognitive and Metacognitive Prompting on Students’ Scientific Inquiry Practices Within an E-Learning Environment

This study explores the effects of metacognitive and cognitive prompting on the scientific inquiry practices of students with various levels of initial metacognition. Two junior high school classes participated in this study. One class, the experimental group (n?=?26), which received an inquiry-based curriculum with a combination of cognitive and metacognitive prompts, was compared to the other class, the comparison group (n?=?25), which received only cognitive prompts in the same curriculum. Data sources included a test of inquiry practices, a questionnaire of metacognition, and worksheets. The results showed that the mixed cognitive and metacognitive prompts had significant impacts on the students’ inquiry practices, especially their planning and analyzing abilities. Furthermore, the mixed prompts appeared to have a differential effect on those students with lower level metacognition, who showed significant improvement in their inquiry abilities. A combination of cognitive and metacognitive prompts during an inquiry cycle was found to promote students’ inquiry practices.     

The relationships and impact of teachers’ metacognitive knowledge and pedagogical understandings of metacognition

We know that metacognitive students are successful in school (Sternberg Instructional Science 26:127–140, 1998). However, despite the recognition of the role of metacognition in student success, limited research has been done to explore teachers’ explicit awareness of their metacognition and their ability to think about, talk about, and write about their thinking (Zohar Teaching and Teacher Education 15:413-429, 1999). Therefore, the current study investigates teachers’ understanding of metacognition and their pedagogical understanding of metacognition, and the nature of what it means to teach students to be metacognitive. One hundred-five graduate students in education participated in this study. The data analysis results, using mixed research method, suggest that the participant’s metacognitive knowledge had a significant impact on his/her pedagogical understanding of metacognition. The results revealed that teachers who have a rich understanding of metacognition report that teaching students to be metacognitive requires a complex understanding of both the concept of metacognition and metacognitive thinking strategies.     

The role of metacognitive competences in the development of school achievement among gifted adolescents

Gifted underachievers perform worse in school than would be expected based on their high intelligence. Possible causes for underachievement are low motivational dispositions (need for cognition) and metacognitive competences. This study tested the interplay of these variables longitudinally with gifted and non-gifted students from Germany (N = 341, 137 females) in Grades 6 (M = 12.02 years at t1) and 8 (M = 14.07 years). Declarative and procedural metacognitive competences were assessed in the domain of reading comprehension. Path analyses showed incremental effects of procedural metacognition over and above intelligence on the development of school achievement in gifted students (β = .139). Moreover, declarative metacognition and need for cognition interactively predicted procedural metacognition (β = .169), which mediated their effect on school achievement.     

Measures of Children's Knowledge and Regulation of Cognition

Two studies were conducted to investigate measures of children's metacognition. Experiment 1 presented two versions of a self-report inventory, the Jr. MAI, appropriate for assessing metacognition in children in grades 3–9. Factor analyses are interpreted that illustrate how the items measure components of metacognition. Experiment 2 further addressed properties of the two versions and compared the instrument to other inventories, teacher ratings of children's metacognition, and student achievement scores. Findings indicated high correlations between the Jr. MAI and an existing metacognitive problem-solving inventory (Fortunato, Hecht, Tittle, & Alvarez, 1991). Moderate correlations between the Jr. MAI and other self-report instruments of metacognition while reading (Jacobs & Paris, 1987; Schmitt, 1990) and low correlations between the Jr. MAI and teacher ratings of metacognition and overall achievement scores were also found. Gender and grade level differences in metacognition are presented and discussed. The instruments are appended.     

Goal orientations and metacognitive skills of normal technical and normal academic students on project work

In 2000, the Singapore Ministry of Education launched Project Work (PW) to encourage the application of knowledge across disciplines, and to develop thinking, communication, collaboration and metacognitive skills. This preliminary findings of a large scale study examines the role of goal orientations (achievement goals and social goals) in predicting metacognition and enjoyment in project work of Secondary Two Normal Technical (NT, less academically inclined students) and Normal Academic (NA) students. Both achievement goals and social goals are significant predictors of metacognition and enjoyment of PW. NA students adopt more mastery approach and performance avoidance goals than NT students whilst NT students tend to value more social approval from others. Implications of the findings will be discussed with practical suggestions to help teachers design successful PW for the less academically inclined students.     

元认知与高职英语写作

英语写作是高职英语教学的重要环节。元认知是对认知的认知,它包括元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知监控。文章介绍了元认知理论,分析了英语写作元认知的研究现状,并试图将元认知理论运用于英语写作的各个阶段中,提出一些具体的做法以提高学生的英语写作水平。     

The role of metacognition in the context of integrated strategy intervention

In the present study, the role of metacognition in the context of integrated strategy intervention was examined. The integrated strategy training in reading comprehension, mathematics, and metacognition was carried out over a period of seven months with young 9–10-years-old, 3rd grade elementary school students with learning problems. A pretest-post test design with matched intervention and control groups was applied. Before the intervention, these students and all their classmates had been followed up through 1st to 3rd grade, and tested with multiple cognitive and metacognitive tasks each year. The results showed that early, 1st grade, cognitive-metacognitive differences were strongly associated with later problem solving and reading comprehension proficiency, thus confirming the importance of reading comprehension strategies and metacognition in mathematical problem solving. Further, marked training effects were found. The growth of metacognitive awareness, experiences and self-regulation were observed on the basis of behaviour analyses during the intervention and of post-intervention interviews. However, despite significant training effects, students who were resistant and those who were responsive to training were identified. The results showed that early metacognitive proficiency is closely associated with the responsiveness to training efforts. The nature of metacognitive experiences and the early teaching of metacognitive awareness and self-regulation are emphasised in the conclusions.