含二氧化锆陶瓷的热力学

Thermodynamic assessment in the ternary systems ZrO2 -CeO2 -Y2 O3, ZrO2 -CeO2 -Ce2 03 and the limiting binaries ZrO2 -Y2 O3, ZrO2 -CeO2, CeO2 -Y2 03, ZrO2 -Ce2O3, CeO2 -Ce2O3 as well as the modeling for oxides are reviewed comprehensively. Based on the recent estimations on the YO1.5-CeO2, ZrO2-CeO2 and ZrO2 -YO1.6 systems, isothermal sections at 1273 and 1 973 K of the ternary CeO2- ZrO2-YO1.5system are calculated. In the system of ZrO2-CeO2-Ce2O3, the complex relation between the nonstoichiometry （y） in CeO2-x, the composition of the ZrO2 -CeO2 solid solution and the oxygen partial pressure （Po2 ） for different ZrO2 containing solid solutions CexZr1-xO2-x. are evaluated from 1 473 to 1 773 K. The relation between the degree of Ce^＋4 reduction to Ce.3 under different Po2 in the fluorite CeO2-xy and CexZr1-xOz-x solid solutions at different temperatures can be used as a guide in the development of functional ceramics.     

Agglomeration Control of Ultrafine Y_2O_3-ZrO_2 and (MgO, Y_2O_3)-ZrO_2 Powders Synthesized by Coprecipitation Process

TheadventofstrongandtoughZrO2 basedce ramicshasgeneratedconsiderablescientificandtech nologicalinterestinthisclassofstructuralceram ics[1—3]. Nowfine grainedsinteredceramicscanbeproducedusingcommerciallyavailableultrafinepow ders,whichcanbesinteredtofulldensityatrelativelylowtemperatures. High qualityZrO2 powderisvitalforthesuccessfuldevelopmentofadvancedZrO2 ce ramics. Severalwetchemicalmethodshavebeende velopedforpreparationofsuchhigh purity, homoge neousandsinterableceramicspowders,…     

稀土固体超强酸Gd~(3+)-SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2催化剂的制备及表征

研究以氨水、氧氯化锆和氧化钆为原料,用沉淀法制得锆的氢氧化物,经陈化、过滤、烘干、浸渍后高温焙烧,制备出Gd3+-SO42-/ZrO2稀土固体超强酸.用Hammett指示剂法测定其酸强度,用FT-IR对其进行表征.     

La空位(La(1-x-y)Yy)2/3Ca1/3MnO3的结构和输运性质研究

用固相反应法制备La（1-x）2／3Ca1／3MnO3（V-LCMO）和（La（0.7-x）Y0.3）2／3Ca1/3MnO3）（V-LY-CMO）（x〈0．15）系列的La空位锰氧化物样品。X射线衍射（XRD）测量分析表明所有的样品均为单相,具有正交对称性（Prima）。体系的晶构参数以及Mn-O键长和Mn-O-Mn键角随空位浓度不同而改变,表明局域Jahn-Teller效应的存在。输运测量表明,不同的空位及空位浓度影响磁电阻效应,在X=0．04时磁电阻值在转变温度‰处达到最大值约为220％,我们认为很大的磁电阻效应与Y部分替代La有关,是双交换作用与Jahn-Teller效应竞争的结果。     

砷剂对K_(562)细胞凋亡作用的基础研究

[目的]研究三氧化二砷对K562细胞凋亡的诱导.[方法]采用人红白血病细胞株K562细胞常规培养,给不同浓度的三氧化二砷,在不同的时间收获细胞,用台盼蓝排染法,DNA荧光染料Hoechst33342荧光染色法,及碘化丙啶(PI)与Hoechst33342共染计数坏死细胞的PI阳性率等方法,检测其对K562细胞的影响.[结果]三氧化二砷能够诱导K562细胞凋亡.并且呈现浓度依赖性和时间依赖性.[结论]三氧化二砷主要以诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡而表现其毒性作用.     

Al_2TiO_5-ZrO_2复相陶瓷材料的制备

以α Al2O3,TiO2,ZrO2 为主要原料,以MgO SiO2 或MgO Fe2O3 为稳定剂,经1 500 ℃×2 h烧成可制得低热膨胀系数的Al2TiO5 ZrO2 复相材料。试验发现:随试样中ZrO2 含量的提高或ZrO2 稳定程度的提高,Al2TiO5 ZrO2 材料的RT~1 000 ℃热膨胀系数逐步降低,这与陶瓷复合体热膨胀系数的常规相背。ATZ 5试样的抗折强度为39.15 MPa,吸水率为3.28%,热膨胀系数为4.46×10-6/℃,其抗热震性能优良,可承受的热震温差是P ZrO2 试样的1.6倍。     

A novel application of the SAWD-Sabatier-SPE integrated system for CO2 removal and O2 regeneration in submarine cabins during prolonged voyages

To improve the working and living environment of submarine crews, an integrated system of CO2 removal and O2 regeneration was designed to work under experimental conditions for 50 people in a submarine cabin during prolonged voyages. The integrated system comprises a solid amine water desorption （SAWD） unit for CO2 collection and concentration, a Sabatier reactor for CO2 reduction and a solid polymer electrolyte （SPE） unit for O2 regeneration by electrolysis. The performances of the SAWD-Sabatier-SPE integrated system were investigated. The experimental results from the SAWD unit showed that the average CO2 concentration in the CO2 storage tank was more than 96% and the outlet CO2 concentration was nearly zero in the first 45 min, and less than 1/10 of inlet CO2 after 60 min when input CO2 was 0.5% （1000 L）. About 950 L of CO2 was recovered with a recovery rate of 92%-97%. The output CO2 concentration was less than 0.2%, which showed that the adsorption-desorption performance of this unit was excellent. In the CO2 reduction unit we investigated mainly the start-up and reaction performance of the Sabatier reactor. The start-up time of the Sabatier reactor was 6, 8 and 10 rain when the start-up temperature was 187.3, 179.5 and 168 ℃, respectively. The product water was colorless, transparent, and had a pH of 6.9-7.5, and an electrical conductivity of 80μs/cm. The sum of the concentration of metal ions （Ru^3＋, Al^3＋, Pb^2＋） was 0.028% and that of nonmetal ions （Cl^-, SO4^2-） was 0.05%. In the O2 regeneration unit, the O2 generation rate was 0.48 m^3/d and the quantity was 2400 L, sufficient to meet the submariners＇ basic oxygen demands. These results may be useful as a basis for establishing CO2-1evel limits and O2 regeneration systems in submarines or similar enclosed compartments during prolonged voyages.     

双层透明薄膜制备及氧含量对折射率影响研究

利用磁控溅射技术在玻璃基片上分别沉积ZnOx薄膜、TiO2-y薄膜和TiO2-y/ZnOx双层透明薄膜,改变薄膜沉积过程中的氩气(Ar)和氧气((O2)的比例,获得具有不同氧含量的ZnOx薄膜和TiO2-y薄膜.采用椭偏仪测定所有样品的折射率,仔细研究薄膜中氧含量对折射率的影响.分别选择具有较大的折射率TiO2-y薄膜和具有较小的折射率ZnOx薄膜的生长条件,制备TiO2-y/ZnOx双层薄膜,获得光密媒质/光疏媒质双层结构,并观察到He-Ne激光从ZnOx薄膜入射到TiO2-y/ZnOx界面上发生的全反射现象.研究成果适用于大学生物理实验中的研究型实验或大学创新实验.     

Al2O3-MA-Cr2O3质钢包渣线浇注料的研制与应用

本文简要介绍了Al2O3-MA-Cr2O3质浇注料的性能和研制过程,根据对使用后材料结构分析,认为该浇注料的损毁为一缓慢的熔损过程,在分析了Al2O3-MA-Cr2O3渣线浇注料长寿命的原因的基础上,提出下一步研究设想.     

复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-Ce2O3的制备及催化合成丁酸异戊酯的研究

合成了复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-Ce2O3,研究了Ce2O3的最佳添加量,并将其应用于催化合成丁酸异戊酯的反应,探索到了最佳反应条件．Ce2O3的最佳添加量为2．0％,最佳反应条件为0．10mol丁酸使用1．0g复合固体超强酸催化剂,醇酸摩尔比2．0,反应时间为2．5h,丁酸的酯化率可达96％以上,并且不污染环境．     

超顺磁性Fe2O3较Fe3O4用于磁共振胃肠造影剂的优劣研究

用超顺磁性氧化铁制备磁共振造影剂的报道较多,其中的磁粒均为Fe3O4。本文提出了用Fe2O3的可行性,并根据超顺磁性理论推导出两种微粒显示超顺磁现象的临界尺寸理论值分别为24.8nm、31.6 nm,在1.5T磁共振磁场中的临界值为7.1 nm、11.1 nm;根据磁学理论,分析了磁共振造影剂稳定的机理;推导出在磁共振磁场中,两者在造影剂中稳定悬浮的极限尺寸为13.3 nm、14 nm。得出在造影剂中,两者既能稳定悬浮又具有超顺磁性的临界尺寸为7.1 nm、11.1 nm的结论。同时分析了两者用做磁共振胃肠造影剂的优劣点。     

合成氨催化剂的研究进展

综述了合成氨工业催化剂从Fe3O4基到Fe1-xO体系和钌催化剂的发展,表明Fe1-xO催化剂体系的发明,使氨合成催化剂的活性有了长足的进步,而钌催化剂有望突破近一个世纪的铁催化剂的历史。结合氨合成的发展现状,提出合成氨催化剂的发展建议。     

纳米氧化钕制备方法的研究进展

介绍了近年来纳米氧化钕的制备方法的研究进展,比较了固相法、化学沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、燃烧法等方法的优缺点。     

燃烧法制备Y_2O_3:Eu~(3+)红色荧光粉的研究

采用甘氨酸燃烧法制备了Y_2O_3:Eu~(3+)荧光粉,甘氨酸与硝酸盐物质的量之比为0.3,氧化铕与氧化钇的比例在0.9%～15%范围荧光性能都很好,并对发光性能、颗粒粒度及影响因素进行了分析。     

TiO2复合光催化剂制备及对染料的降解研究

以Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出光催化剂纳米TiO2和TiO2-Fe2O3复合粉体,并用制得的样品在紫外光催化条件下对刚果红、碱性品红、酸性蓝等三种水溶性染料溶液进行降解实验,讨论了两种催化剂对染料的光催化降解脱色效果。结果表明TiO2-Fe2O3复合粉体对酸性蓝和刚果红的降解效果好于纳米TiO2,两者对碱性品红的降解效果相当。     

Mo_2N与CoMo/(TiO_2—Al_2O_3)催化剂加氢脱硫与加氢脱氮催化性能比较

本文在同一条件下分别测试了硫化态的催化剂CoMo/(TiO2—Al_2O_3)及氮化态的Mo_2N催化剂的加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮性能,结果表明,对于噻吩的加氢脱硫反应,硫化态催化剂CoMo/(TiO_2—Al_2O_3)在催化活性及稳定性方面都优于Mo_2N,而Mo_2N在毗啶的加氢脱氮反应中显示了较大优势。     

机械力活化固相化学反应法制备CeXZr1_xO2纳米复合氧化物

Nanometer cerium-zirconium oxide solution Ce1-x ZrxO2 was synthesized by mechanically activated solid state re-action at middle-low temperatures, with Ce2(CO3)3, ZrOC12-8H2O and H2C2O4.2H2O as raw materials. The crystal structureand microstructure of the nanometer Ce1-xZrxO2 were studied with X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electronmicroscope (TEM). The results show that the product is single-cubic-phase solid solution with an average crystal size 19.64nm. In this article, the influence of surface active agent is also evaluated. Mechanically activated solid state reaction for thepreparation of Ce1-xZrxO2 is a new technique of green chemistry without solvent and waste.     

镍-磷-氧化铁纳米复合材料镀层的制备及其性能研究

采用复合化学镀方法制备了镍-磷-氧化铁纳米复合材料镀层。通过孔隙率、耐腐蚀性、硬度、耐磨性等性质试验,结果表明:纳米复合镀层致密性、耐腐蚀性和耐磨性等均优于A3钢片,甚至优于Ni-P镀层。     

As_2O_3诱导K_(562)细胞株凋亡的形态学方法研究

[目的]研究三氧化二砷对人红白血病细胞株K562凋亡作用及凋亡推测办法.[方法]姬姆萨染色,胎盘兰排染法,双苯并咪唑,碘化丙啶排斥法等.[结果]As2O3诱导12h,K562细胞开始出现凋亡.凋亡细胞随药物浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而增加.各种凋亡推测方法利弊存在差异.[结论]建议使用较有效的Hoechst33342法检测凋亡.     

NiO/γ—Al_2O_3催化剂的阈值效应

应用XRD、TPR和催化活性评价手段,考察了CH_4与CO_2重整制合成气的负载型Ni催化剂的阈值效应。实验结果表明,在反应温度为750℃和空速为2500h~(-1)下,NiO载量为14.0％NiO/γ—Al_2O_3(相当于0.163gNiO/gγ—Al_2O_3或0.077gNiO/100m~2γ7—Al_2O_3)催化剂具有最佳的催化性能,NiO在γ—Al_2O_3表面上分散阀值为0.238gNiO/gγ—Al_2O_3(相当于0.112gNiO/100m~2γ—Al_2O_3),能明显体现负载型Ni催化剂在重整反应中的阈值效应。