GIS在文献信息管理中的应用评价

介绍了GIS技术在图书馆的服务与管理中的应用,概要总结了在地理信息在图书馆的使用、地理信息系统在图书馆的应用以及该技术在图书馆管理中的应用,并提出了应用GIS技术在文献层面实现可视化管理的设想。     

Public Library Use of Geographic Information Systems in the United States

Abstract

Public libraries are a source of information and resources for the local community, they also play a role in the use of technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS) in that regard. GIS uses maps as output mediums for displaying demographic or similar information, as well as for spatial comparison or spatially based analysis. This is useful for gaining knowledge as well as for decision making. This article reports research into the awareness and use of GIS-type systems in public library settings in hopes of better understanding the benefits, drawbacks, and limitations to use of systems such as these. Primary findings suggest that there continues to exist limited understanding of the capabilities of GIS technology in public libraries and therefore very little demand for it exists in public librarians and patrons alike.     

基于GIS的图书馆可视化文献信息系统研究

本文基于GIS强大的空间查询和空间分析功能,结合图书馆发展需要,在分析图书馆实行可视化文献信息管理的意义和背景的基础上,提出了开发图书馆文献信息的可视化GIS系统,并详细阐述了系统设计、系统关键技术等问题。     

GIS in Academic Business Libraries

Abstract

Geospatially referenced data is gaining popularity as a format for primary data in business, but few business libraries offer GIS services. This paper can be used as a guide for business librarians seeking to implement GIS services for patrons. First, a brief introduction to GIS is presented. Then, major implementation issues are highlighted and literature sources are presented for each. Discussions include the incorporation of GIS education into business curricula, GIS software choices, and WWW sources of geospatially referenced data sets and information. Finally, suggested readings are included in the appendix.     

Library-Based GIS Labs

Abstract

Increased use of geographic information systems on college and university campuses has prompted libraries to ask the question: Where and how can libraries fulfill these digital needs? This paper describes the actions taken by the Syracuse University Library to implement GIS and geo-spatial data services to the University community. Discussion will focus on the planning, administration, public services, collection development, and management issues pertaining to a networked multi-Station GIS lab.     

Geographic Information Systems in Library Reference Services

Summary

This paper introduces Geographic Information Systems (GIS) user services in libraries. It presents the concept and functions of GIS and compares the use of GIS with library map collections. GIS project in libraries are reviewed. Different kinds of GIS user services are examined. The article looks into the challenges in adding GIS to user services in libraries. User access to GIS in libraries is discussed. It argues that simplified user interfaces and multiple levels of usage are important to improve user access to GIS.     

The Evolution of GIS Services within North American Academic Libraries: Documenting Change through the Decades (1995–2016)

This review was conducted to identify articles written about Geographic Information Systems (GIS) services offered in the United States (US) and Canadian university and college libraries. In the early 1990's, the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) GIS Literacy Project, in partnership with Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), helped enable ARL member libraries to create GIS services within their libraries. By the mid to late 1990's, librarians from academic institutions began to write articles that discussed how their library developed GIS services and the components involved with operating a GIS service. Writing about GIS services in academic libraries continued on into the 2000's and 2010's. This review of the literature will document the areas of staffing, service, technology, and data provision for GIS service units from three decades (1990's, 2000's, and 2010's).     

大学图书馆开展地理信息系统(GIS)服务初探

介绍地理信息系统(GIS)的概况,强调了图书馆提供GIS服务的必要性,对影响图书馆开展GIS服务的几个关键因素进行了探讨。     

流空间视角下的城市公共图书馆规划策略研究——基于上海市公共图书馆的调研

近年来,随着图书馆空间再造运动的兴起以及流空间理论的完善,城市公共图书馆逐渐向知识信息与人文价值相互融合的流空间发展。本文根据流空间的基本理论,建立城市公共图书馆流空间的研究框架,对公共图书馆流空间的要素流强度、路径、效率进行测度,运用因子分析、社会网络分析、GIS空间分析等方法,以上海市公共图书馆为实证研究对象,以期为城市公共图书馆的整体布局规划提供一定的建议和启示。     

Online GIS service

Online GIS services are expanding rapidly as private organizations, government agencies, and libraries are developing Web sites that deliver GIS data, graphics, and metadata. Such services are divided into five categories: graphic snapshots, spatial database catalogs and libraries, map generators, map browsers, and real-time maps and images. Reviews and discussion of these current online GIS services and selected URL's are provided.     

地理信息系统(GIS)服务在国外图书馆的实践与启示

概述地理信息系统(GIS)服务在国外图书馆的应用实践,提出筹划此项服务需综合考虑用户需求、服务内容、人员配备等因素。通过典型个例,评述此项服务在用户培训和数据管理方面的经验。结合Suny Albany和纽约州立图书馆开展GIS服务的成功因素与失败教训,对我国图书馆界开展此类服务提出若干建议。     

Information Literacy for GIS Curricula

Abstract

Undergraduate GIS courses, regardless of parent department, frequently follow similar formats culminating with long-term, self-directed ‘capstone’ projects. Instructors usually acquire data for students, rather than having the students search for information from online repositories or campus libraries. While on the library side of life, librarian-led classroom sessions are unsatisfying for students and librarians, chiefly due to a lack of connection to important research-based assignments. A model is presented herein to train instructors to include information literacy components into courses, thereby increasing students' ability to work independently.     

Political discourse: Do public libraries serve as a fertile ground?

Libraries in general, and public libraries specifically, are social institutions. It is their role and function to educate, inculcate values and provide recreational opportunities to the community. The success of a democratic political system depends on community involvement in decision making. The role of public libraries in political discourse was assessed with three approaches. Firstly, the geographical characteristics of public library communities were explored using Geographical Information System (GIS) methods. Secondly, the resources, services and activities of public libraries were identified. Thirdly, community perspectives were explored using the five aspects of the “Spectrum of Public Participation” of the International Association for Public Participation (IAP2). The results from all three approaches indicate that the public libraries of Islamabad do not facilitate opportunities for the community to be consulted, empowered or involved in political discourse. Analysis of GIS characteristics, library services and community perspectives suggests that improvements in planning and commitment (especially infrastructure, budget and human resources) would enable public libraries to increase opportunities for Islamabad communities to engage in political discourse.     

Neighborhood disparities in access to information resources: Measuring and mapping U.S. public libraries’ funding and service landscapes

Information inequity is a central concern of the digital age. Many recognize the role of public libraries in bridging such inequities. Unfortunately, however, public libraries are often limited by the funding available to them. This study used a geographic information system (GIS), inequality measures, and multiple regressions to analyze statistics from the Public Libraries Survey (PLS) collected by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and from census tract data. It evaluated the levels of public library funding and services and tested how these resources vary with neighborhood income and urbanization levels. This is one of the few nationwide multivariate studies of neighborhood-level variations. The study revealed significant funding and service variations across the nation's 9000 library systems. Distributions of digital materials, full-time staff with a master's degree in library and information science, and library programs were especially disparate. Library systems in lower-income or rural neighborhoods were relatively less funded and offered fewer information resources. Interestingly, the only variable that was not significantly associated with neighborhood income was the number of public Internet terminals. This suggests that recent funding and research efforts may have made a difference. Similar funding efforts are encouraged for other types of library resources such as staff education and training. In light of the prevalent disparities in resource levels across neighborhoods, the study calls for a fundamental evaluation of the funding mechanisms for libraries. Also, information behavior research should investigate how this structural information inequity affects individuals’ information use decisions.     

Exploring Best Management Practices for Geospatial Data in Academic Libraries

Due to the exponential growth of spatial information, effective management and curation of geospatial data has become a central concern for GIS libraries. Although geospatial data are often generated based on a set of well-established standards and protocols, best management practices in geospatial data services are still limited. In this paper, the authors review the common challenges of geospatial data management and curation, which include the application of big data, the emergence of Web GIS, and the advancement of cyberinfrastructures. A spatial education project is used as an example to discuss potential best management practices to address these challenges. It is demonstrated that librarians need to be involved at the early stage of a research project and work closely with researchers at all stages of the data life cycle for effective data management. With early involvement of a GIS librarian in the full project development process, all three challenges can be addressed by using best management practices in organizing, managing, publishing, distributing, and preserving the geospatial data.     

基于GIS的图书馆资源共享系统数据库的设计与实现

针对目前图书馆个体馆藏资源不足和馆藏资源获取困难的现象,设计一种基于 GIS 的图书馆资源共享系统。在GIS系统设计过程中,数据库的设计是其核心组成部分。以安徽省芜湖市公共图书馆和高校图书馆为研究对象,从中心馆数据存贮模式的选择、空间数据库与属性数据库的构建以及各类数据的关联和集成等方面进行详细设计,认为系统电子地图服务功能的初步实现,可从整体上提升图书馆建设的水平,实现最大限度的信息资源共享。     

Geography,the Academy and Libraries

Geographic information sources have evolved at the same rate as the many other information sources in the last half a century. This article discusses geographic literacy and spatial thinking, and the questions that derive from geographic inquiry. Librarians in academic libraries are most often called on to meet the complex specialized geographic information needs that arise from study and practice in those areas. The sources we use and the ways we respond to these needs have evolved and expanded with the advent of various digital technologies. In order to be able to work with these new technologies, librarians can develop specialized competencies in geographic information systems (GIS) which allow them to go beyond print maps and atlases in the provision of geographic information.     

Map Room to Data and GIS Services: Five University Libraries Evolving to Meet Campus Needs and Changing Technologies

Programs for geospatial support at academic libraries have evolved over the past decade in response to changing campus needs and developing technologies. Geospatial applications have matured tremendously in this time, emerging from specialty tools to become broadly used across numerous disciplines. At many universities, the library has served as a central resource allowing students and faculty across academic departments access to GIS resources. Today, as many academic libraries evaluate their spaces and services, GIS and data services are central in discussions on how to further engage with patrons and meet increasingly diverse researcher needs. As library programs evolve to support increasingly technical data and GIS needs, many universities are faced with similar challenges and opportunities. To explore these themes, data and GIS services librarians and GIS specialists from five universities—the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Texas A&M, New York University, North Carolina State University, and California Polytechnic State University—with different models of library geospatial and data support, describe their programs to help identify common services, as well as unique challenges, opportunities, and future plans.     

Public Health GIS and the Internet

Abstract

Internet access and use of georeferenced public health information for GIS application will be an important and exciting development for the nation's Department of Health and Human Services and other health agencies in this new millennium. Technological progress towards public health geospatial data integration, analysis, and visualization of space-time events using the Web portends eventual robust use of GIS by public health and other sectors of the economy. Increasing Web resources from distributed spatial data portals and global geospatial libraries, and a growing suite of Web integration tools, will provide new opportunities to advance disease surveillance, control and prevention, and insure public access and community empowerment in public health decision making. Emerging supercomputing, data mining, and compression and transmission technologies will play increasingly critical roles in national emergency, catastrophic planning and response, and risk management. Web-enabled public health GIS will be guided by Federal Geographic Data Committee spatial metadata, OpenGIS Web interoperability, and GML/XML geospatial Web content standards. Public health will become a responsive and integral part of rhe National Spatial Data Infrastructure.