Lung Volume Reduction Surgery and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Improve Exercise Capacity and Reduce Dyspnea During Functional Activities in People with Emphysema

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic effects of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and pulmonary rehabilitation on levels of dyspnea during functional activities in patients with diffuse emphysema. Methods: Fifteen subjects who had undergone LVRS participated in this study. A visual analog scale (VAS) Activity Dyspnea Scales (VADS) measurement tool developed for this study was determined reliable in 10 subjects. The VADS was used to assess changes in dyspnea with functional activity in 10 subjects prior to and following the interventions of LVRS and pulmonary rehabilitation. Results: Results of this study indicate that LVRS followed by pulmonary rehabilitation significantly reduces levels of dyspnea during functional activities. Conclusion: The VADS developed for this study is a valid and reliable method of assessing changes in levels of dyspnea during functional activities in the LVRS population.Key Words: breathlessness, functional capacity     

优秀摔跤运动员赛前减(控)体重个性化研究

运用文献资料法、实验法、问卷调查法和膳食称重法,对优秀古典式摔跤运动员十运会前的体重控制过程进行了个案调查与分析。结果表明:体重的下降主要以减少体脂含量为主,瘦体重变化不明显;血红蛋白等几项生化指标较好地反映出训练负荷的变化和运动员赛前的身体机能状况;慢减体重可能会引起运动员心理状态的波动;赛前的膳食营养不够合理;称重后的体能恢复至关重要。     

A Survey of Opinions and Attitudes Toward Exercise Following a 12-month Maintenance Exercise Program for People with COPD

Purpose

To determine the opinions and attitudes toward exercise in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who had completed a randomised controlled trial of 12-months maintenance exercise.

Methods

Participants were eligible for recruitment to the maintenance exercise study if they had COPD and had completed an 8-week pulmonary rehabilitation program. They were randomized into an Intervention Group (IG) that consisted of once weekly, supervised hospital-based maintenance exercise plus home exercise for 12 months or a Control Group that undertook unsupervised home maintenance exercise for 12 months. At the end of the 12 months, participants completed a survey consisting of 23 questions using a visual analogue scale (VAS) of 100 mm.

Results

Forty-eight participants completed the 12 month study and 36 participants (75%) completed the survey [IG mean (SD): age 65 (8) years, FEV₁ 58 (20) % predicted; CG: age 66 (8) years, FEV₁ 67 (17) % predicted]. No between group difference was found for the importance of exercise, the benefits of the program or the importance of support from the physiotherapist. However, the IG reported exercising more regularly, having more enjoyment of being involved in the maintenance exercise program, greater benefit in general well-being, and better physical fitness.

Conclusions

At the completion of the 12 month exercise study, the survey results showed that all participants reported positive attitudes towards both supervised and unsupervised maintenance exercise programs, with the IG reporting greater benefits.Key Words: COPD, survey, maintenance exercise program     

Motivational processes in children's physical activity and health-related quality of life

Background: School physical education (PE) not only offers and promotes health-related physical activity (PA), but also encompasses the promotion and development of health-related well-being such as health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Furthermore, assessing PA and HRQOL have become major issues in pediatric public health and also serve as a major goal of Healthy people 2020. Grounded in the expectancy-value and achievement goal frameworks, the primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among the perceptions of motivational climate in PE, expectancy-value beliefs, HRQOL, and PA among elementary children. A secondary purpose was to test whether expectancy-value beliefs mediate the relationship between motivational climate and HRQOL as well as between motivational climate and PA (self-reported PA and pedometer-based PA, respectively).

Methods: Participants were 336 elementary children recruited from three public schools in the southeastern USA (M_age?=?9.87; 179 girls, 157 boys). The majority of the participants (53.3%) were White students and the remainder (46.7%) including African-American (37.4%), Asian-American (1.5%), Hispanic-American (1.8%) and others (5.9%). Students completed a previously validated questionnaire assessing expectancy-related beliefs and task values toward PE. The 23-item pediatric QOL inventory generic core scale (PedsQL^TM 4.0) was used to assess participants’ HRQOL. Children's PA levels were assessed by using a self-reported survey (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children) and three-day pedometer counts (steps/min during PE).

Analysis/Results: Correlational analyses showed that expectancy-related beliefs and task values were positively related to PA and HRQOL. Regression analyses indicated that both mastery and performance motivational climate had a positive effect on children's expectancy beliefs and task values. Mediational analyses were used to evaluate the potential mediational relationships among motivational climate (independent variables: mastery and performance climates), expectancy-value beliefs (mediator: expectancy-value beliefs), and HRQOL and PA (dependent variables: total HRQOL score, self-reported PA and steps/min), respectively.

Conclusions: A mastery motivational climate together with high expectancy beliefs has a positive association with HRQOL, which in turn could produce health benefits in the future. Results suggest that a performance motivational climate could be associated with less activity (i.e. lower steps/min) even when students view PE as interesting, important, and useful. One important implication of the study is that by promoting mastery climates and expectancy-value beliefs in PE practitioners can encourage children to engage in PA both in and outside of school, and consequently may influence their quality of life.     

减肥、健美运动处方对超重、肥胖女生身心健康影响的实验研究

以超重和肥胖的女大学生作为研究对象,身体指标以《学生体质健康标准(试行方案)》为标准,心理指标采用身心症状自评量表(SCL-90),对141名超重或肥胖的女大学生实施减肥、健美运动处方的实验研究,探讨运动处方对超重、肥胖女生的身心影响,实验期限5个月。结果显示:超重及肥胖女大学生在肺活量体重指数、台阶试验等机能指标成绩较差;肥胖组女生在人际关系、抑郁、敌对、恐怖和妄想症五个因子上的得分与全国常模比较肥胖女生在人际关系、抑郁、敌对、恐怖和妄想症五个指标上所存在的偏差。     

体育专业大学生的心理旋转能力

测定了体育专业大学生的反应时、智商和心理旋转能力。研究结果显示：(1)体育专业大学生的反应时与心理旋转能力之间存在显著相关；(2)体育专业大学生心理旋转能力与智力相关不显著；(3)体育专业大学生心理旋转能力存在年级、性别差异；(4)体育专业大学生对不同角度、不同方向材料的心理旋转能力存在显著差异。     

普通学校腿部残疾学生参与体育活动现状及对策研究

体育锻炼是残疾人康复、健身和融入社会的有效手段,本文以18-23岁的腿部残疾大学生为研究对象,采用了访谈法、文献资料法等研究方法对腿部残疾学生的体育活动参与情况进行了分析。结果表明:大部分腿部残疾学生缺乏体育锻炼的意识和积极主动的参与心理;学校为残疾人提供的特殊场地器材及专业体育指导人员较少;供腿部残疾学生可选择的体育项目也较为局限。提出以下建议:加强残疾学生参与体育活动的思想引导;培养改善教师的特殊教育方法;学校为腿部残疾学生提供适宜的场地和器材等,为其提供体育活动锻炼的帮助,以促进他们的身心健康发展。     

健身气功对病残大学生体质弱势群体体质康复的实验研究

为了使高校病残类弱势群体学生的体质得到锻炼得以康复,使得学校体育能更好地为全体学生服务,我们对一部分抽样得到的病残类弱势群体学生进行了为期一个学期的健身气功教学实验研究。结果显示：健身气功对这些病残类弱势群体学生的身体机能、身体素质、心理健康方面的影响具有显著性。这为病残类弱势群体学生选择锻炼项目促进体质康复和对于健身气功在高校保健课教学中的推广应用以及提供了科学的依据。     

采用人工韧带或自体腘绳肌腱重建前十字韧带术后重返运动的差异：一项配对设计研究

目的：比较前十字韧带重建术（ACLR）后重返运动率和重返运动时机在分别采用自体移植物和人工韧带（LARS）患者间的差异。方法：纳入2004年1月—2010年12月于复旦大学附属华山医院运动医学科接受ACLR手术的病例后,收集术后重返不同强度运动的情况和相应的重返运动时机信息,以及患者伤前、术前、术后第1年、第2年、第3年、第5年、第7年、第10年的运动水平。统计学分析两组间重返运动率和重返运动时机的差异。结果：LARS组中,24例术后重返运动,重返率为96%;重返竞技体育18例,重返率为72%;重返娱乐活动6例,重返率为24%。自体HT组中,45例术后重返运动,重返率为90%;重返竞技体育21例,重返率为42%;重返娱乐活动24例,重返率为48%。两组患者在重返竞技运动率（P=0.016）上具有显著统计学差异。LARS组中,重返轻体育活动时间为术后（2.0±1.0）月;重返涉及膝关节扭转、急停变向运动时间为术后（3.5±1.4）月;重返竞技运动时间为术后（5.2±1.7）月。自体HT组中,重返轻体育活动时间为术后（3.9±1.4）月;重返涉及膝关节扭转、急停变向运动时间为术后（5.9±1.3）月;重返竞技运动时间为术后（11.1±2.4）月。两组患者在重返运动时机（轻体育运动,P＜0.001;涉及膝关节扭转、急停变向运动,P＜0.001;重返比赛,P＜0.001）均存在显著统计学差异。LARS组患者术后第1年、第2年Tegner运动评分均显著高于自体HT组。结论：术后远期随访结果显示采用LARS重建前十字韧带（ACL）的患者不仅重返不同水平运动时机显著早于采用自体HT患者,且在重返竞技运动率上拥有显著优势。     

课外体育干预对广东高职院校超重学生心理健康的影响

采用SCL-90量表进行问卷调查和数据分析,揭示体育干预对超重学生心理健康的影响,研究表明通过两个阶段6个月的课外体育干预,超重学生的心理症状的强迫症状和精神病性因子得到了改善,超重学生的心理更趋健康;有氧运动能使超重学生的心理更趋健康;利用课外体育时间对超重学生进行积极地干预,是有效改善超重学生心理的途径;高职院校应积极通过体育锻炼特别是有氧运动改善超重学生的心理症状。     

新疆高师大学生运动量与心理健康状况比较

按照整群、分层抽样方法,随机抽取新疆高师1147名大学生,对他们体育锻炼运动量及心理健康状况进行调查与分析。结果表明,新疆高师大学生心理健康整体状况好于全国大学生同年龄段水平;心理健康状况存在性别差异;体育锻炼运动量总体上分布比较均衡;中等运动量对大学生有较好的心理健康效应,其作用主要集中在躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执因子上,而对精神病性因子的作用不明显。     

民族地区普通高校教师生命质量状况调查——以广西为例

采用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,对452名广西高校教师的生命质量进行分析研究。结果显示:总体上广西高校教师的生命质量一般,全面低于我国其他地区高校教师的生命质量水平,总体心理健康(MCS)相对总体生理健康(PCS)表现更差;同全国其他高校教师一样,心理健康维度(MH)水平均为一般;一般健康状况(患病及慢性病)及是否规律地进行体育锻炼是影响本研究对象生命质量高低的主要因素。     

The Effect of Bicycle Ergometer Exercise at Varying Intensities on the Heart Rate,EMG and Mood State Responses to a Mental Arithmetic Stressor

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bicycle ergometer exercise at varying metabolic intensities upon the heart rate, electromyographic (EMG), and mood state responses to a timed mental arithmetic stressor. Twelve males participated in four experimental conditions: three exercise trials consisting of workloads of 40%, 55%, and 70% of physical work capacity, and an attentional control condition. Daily test protocol involved the following time sequence: habituation, baseline, exercise or control condition (presented in a counterbalanced order), recovery, mental arithmetic, and completion of mood state questionnaire. Results indicated no differential response to the mental arithmetic stressor across the four conditions for the 12 subjects for heart rate, EMG activity, or mood state. Thus, 15 min of exercise at 40%, 55%, and 70% of physical work capacity proved to be no different from an attentional control condition in influencing the physiological and psychological responses to the mental arithmetic stressor.     

The relationship between sport commitment and physical self-concept: Evidence for the self-enhancement hypothesis among adolescent females

ABSTRACT

Perceptions of physical self-concept are critical to physical activity participation. In line with the reciprocal effects model of causal ordering (REM), higher perceptions of physical self-concept can function as a facilitator to physical activity, and can arise as a result of engaging in physical activity. While this relationship has been predominantly tested in physical activity contexts, directional tests between physical self-concept and sport specific outcomes are limited. The current study aimed to evaluate the generalizability of the REM to sport commitment and physical self-concept in youth athletes. Over 24 months, adolescent females (N = 215) completed self-report questionnaires at Time 1 (T1) and two years later (Time 2; T2). Using structural equation modeling, the reciprocal effects model demonstrated that the path leading from T1 physical self-concept to T2 sport commitment was significant (p = .02), whereas the path leading from T1 sport commitment to T2 physical self-concept was not significant (p = .23). The results suggest a unidirectional relationship and may underscore the importance of focusing on the physical self-concept in the development of strategies geared towards improving adolescent female’s sport participation.     

Six Minute Walk Test in People with Tuberculosis Sequelae

Background & Purpose: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that affects the lungs and results in poor lung compliance secondary to diffuse fibrotic changes to lung tissue. Consequently, people with pulmonary tuberculosis experience impaired gas exchange resulting in a decline in functional capacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical functional capacity (VO₂max) in a group of older (50 – 65 years) people with pulmonary tuberculosis and to compare them to an age-matched healthy group. A secondary purpose was to develop reference equations that could be used to predict 6 minute walk test (6MWT) distance in older, healthy people in India. Methods: Sixty healthy subjects (30 male and 30 female) and 60 subjects with a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (30 male and 30 female) participated in the study. All subjects underwent a 6MWT. Walk-work was calculated and used for evaluating functional capacity. Group comparison for functional capacity was done using 2-tailed t-tests. Pearson product correlation was used to examine for significant relationships and regression analysis was used to derive reference equations. Results: There was a significant difference between groups in regard to functional capacity and 6MWT distance (p < 0.001). Reference equations were developed that use age, height, and weight as predictors for 6MWT distance in the healthy group. Conclusion: The sequelae from pulmonary tuberculosis have considerable impact on functional capacity in older people in India.Key Words: six minute walk test, tuberculosis, functional capacity     

Measuring Physical Activity in Preschoolers: Reliability and Validity of the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time for Preschoolers (SOFIT-P)

The purpose of this study is describe the initial feasibility, reliability, and validity of an instrument to measure physical activity in preschoolers using direct observation. The System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time for Preschoolers was developed and tested among 3- to 6-year-old children over fall 2008 for feasibility and reliability (Phase I, n = 67) and in fall 2009 for concurrent validity (Phase II, n = 27). Phase I showed that preschoolers spent >75% of their active time at preschool in light physical activity. The mean inter-observer agreements scores were ≥.75 for physical activity level and type. Correlation coefficients, measuring construct validity between the lesson context and physical activity types with and with the activity levels, were moderately strong. Phase II showed moderately strong correlations ranging from .50 to .54 between the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time for Preschoolers and Actigraph accelerometers for physical activity levels. The System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time for Preschoolers shows promising initial results as a new method for measuring physical activity among preschoolers.     

A Comparison of the Effects of Physical and Mental Practice in Learning a Motor Skill

Abstract

This study sought to determine the relative effectiveness of mental and physical practice upon the learning of a selected motor skill, and the possible differential effects of mental practice during different stages of the learning period.

Ninety-three male volunteers were used as subjects. They were randomly assigned to the following five treatment conditions: control, mental practice, physical practice, mental-physical practice, and physical-mental practice. Practice consisted of throwing rubber balls at a target from a distance of 15 ft. The practice periods lasted for 18 days.

Initial and final tests were administered to determine the increase in skill. Data, which consisted of gain scores, were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results indicated that the only significant improvement occurred in the combination-type treatment conditons. Trend analysis was used to evaluate the changes in the daily practice scores. The results showed that either mental or physical practice was equally effective during the first half of the skill development period.     

不同锻炼项目及强度对男大学生视觉选择反应时注意分配和手臂稳定性的影响

使用北京博达电子公司生产的DDX一200型电脑多功能心理生理能力测试康复仪,测试被测的视觉选择反应时,视觉注意分配和手臂稳定性等指标的数据并进行实验前后比较。选择男大学生为研究对象,采用实验研究方法,以不同强度、项目的身体锻炼为干预手段,对男大学生心理健康中的2个认知指标1个情绪指标的影响进行实验研究,以期为大学生科学健身、健心和高校体育改革与发展提供一些参考。研究结果显示:(1)小强度身体锻炼对男大学生视觉选择反应时、视觉注意分配、手臂稳定性等促进作用较小,而中等强度身体锻炼对3项指标的影响较大。(2)身体锻炼的心理效应受锻炼项目的影响。乒乓球、跆拳道效果更有利于心理健康认知指标成绩的提高;跑步的锻炼作用则较弱。乒乓球和跆拳道的锻炼比慢跑锻炼更具心理效益。     

体育锻炼与中学生的心理发展研究

以中学生为研究对象,分析了体育锻炼与人格特征、运动兴趣、坚持性以及心理健康之间的关系.结果表明:①中学生的人格特征总体表现为外倾而情绪稳定,心理健康处于良好状态,城乡学生间存在显著的心理健康差异;②学生参加运动锻炼的重要目的是增强体质和满足心理需求,锻炼的兴趣主要受方法和自身素质的制约;③运动锻炼与外倾和稳定性人格特征密切相关,知觉能力强和运动水平高的学生有着较好的心理健康状况,体育锻炼与心理健康之间存在着较强的互动关系.