老年性乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病16例临床分析

目的：探讨老年性乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病的发病特点、诊断以及治疗方法。方法：对16例术前诊断为乳腺癌的老年患者,手术后病理证实的乳头状瘤病的病例进行回顾性分析和总结。结果：本组16例均以乳腺肿块为首发症状,其中2例既往有乳头溢液病史,16例术前均行彩超及乳腺钼靶摄片检查,考虑乳腺占位、癌可能性大。术后病理均诊断为乳头状瘤病,其中9例伴不典型增生。结论：老年性乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病最常见症状为乳腺肿块,术前行乳腺彩超及乳腺钼靶检查确诊率较低,仍需要术中行快速冰冻病理检查以明确诊断指导手术及治疗。乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病具有一定的恶变倾向。     

超声结合钼靶摄影在乳腺肿物良恶性鉴别中的价值

目的 :明确良恶性乳腺肿块在超声中的鉴别征象 ;评价超声结合钼靶摄影后在乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法 :报告乳腺肿块病例 72例 ,包括乳腺癌 4 0例 ,良性病变 32例 ,均行超声检查 ,其中 6 0例行钼靶摄影 .。结果 :(1)乳腺癌的超声表现 :不规则形或圆形 ,纵横比 >1,边缘毛刺 ,边缘成角 ,后方声影 ,微小钙化 ,较丰富血流、不规则血流。 (2 )超声与钼靶摄影的结果相比 ,在良恶性乳腺疾病的鉴别方面有相同价值 ,而超声更具实用性 ,在定位与转移淋巴结检出方面优于钼靶摄影。而钼靶摄影在微小钙化的检出方面优于超声。结论 :超声和钼靶摄影二者结合在发现乳腺肿块及其良恶性鉴别诊断方面有很大价值。     

50例乳腺癌的超声诊断与分析

目的：探讨高频超声在乳腺癌诊断中的价值.方法：利用高频超声对50例乳腺癌图像特征进行分析,并与病理结果进行比较.结果：在高频超声检测的50例乳腺癌患者中,术前超声诊断乳腺癌46例,诊断符合率为92%.诊断乳腺实性占位3例,占6%.误诊为乳腺纤维瘤1例,占2%.结论：高频超声是诊断乳腺癌的一种有效方法.     

乳腺小管癌5例临床病理分析

目的:探讨乳腺小管癌的临床病理特征,诊断与鉴别诊断要点.方法:通过对5例小管癌常规HE染色和免疫组化进行临床病理分析,结合文献对其临床表现,病理形态特点及鉴别诊断进行探讨.结果:乳腺小管癌组织形态学特征为小管结构由单层上皮细胞构成,部分小管呈锐角状;免疫组化显示小管结构缺乏肌上皮,E-Cadherin阳性.病理诊断上需与硬化性腺病,微腺型腺病等进行鉴别.结论:乳腺小管癌是一种高分化小管结构乳腺癌,其预后良好.     

彩超对乳腺肿块诊断临床价值

目的：探讨高频彩色多谱勒血流显像（CDFI）超声对乳腺肿块诊断的临床应用价值。方法：对432例乳腺肿块进行高频彩色多谱勒血流显像（CDFI）超声检查。本文对432例乳腺肿块经高频CDFI检查诊断,并经手术及病理证实的乳腺肿块进行回顾性分析。结果：高频CDFI诊断432例肿块中,实质性410例,囊性22例,良性肿块231例,恶性肿块201例。对肿块的囊性、实质性、混合性的检出率100%。良恶性肿块除18例与手术病理不符合外,总符合率为95.8%（414/432）。高频CDFI超声对乳腺彩色血流的检出率为70.3%（304/432）。良恶性肿块的动脉血流阻力指数有显著差异,P〈0.01.[1]结论：高频CDFI超声检查对乳腺肿块的性质、良恶性鉴别诊断,对临床手术均有指导意义,此检查方法就作为乳腺肿块诊断的首选方法之一。     

钼靶X线摄影与MRI检查对乳腺癌的诊断价值比较

目的:探讨钼靶X线与MRI对乳腺癌的诊断价值,以提高乳腺癌的检出率。方法:回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的乳腺癌钼靶X线及MRI表现,并与病理结果对比分析。结果:钼靶X线诊断准确率为80.55%(29/36),MRI诊断准确率为88.88%(32/36);综合两者影像检查的诊断准确率为94.44%(34/36),明显优于单一钼靶X线摄影或MRI检查(P<0.05)。结论:钼靶X线摄影操作简单,对微小钙化敏感,为乳腺癌筛查的首选检查方法。MRI检查能显示乳腺内病变的细微结构,两者结合能显著提高乳腺癌的检出率和诊断准确率。     

浅析乳腺癌的早期诊断研究

乳腺癌是全球范围内严重威胁女性健康的主要恶性肿瘤,临床就诊患者的年龄普遍提前.如何有效的控制其发生和发展,做到早期发现,早期诊断,早期治疗,已经成为当务之急.乳腺自查,乳腺X线钼靶摄片,超声检查,MRI检查,CT检查,影像定位穿刺活检,乳头溢液检查都可提高乳腺癌的早期诊断率.     

乳腺巨纤维腺瘤的影像学分析

目的:早期诊断青春期女性乳腺巨纤维腺瘤有助于临床医师选择最佳术式,减少患者乳腺不必要损伤.方法:采用PH ILIPS超声诊断仪(频率7—10MHZ),分析青春期女性乳腺巨大包块超声声像.结果:2例少女均检查出患右乳巨纤维腺瘤.结论:超声检查发现少女乳腺巨大肿块,应考虑巨纤维腺瘤.但应注意与叶状囊肉瘤鉴别,后者青少年单侧乳腺肿块常见原因为纤维腺瘤,其中巨纤维瘤是一种特殊类型,发病率约占4%.     

胃印戒细胞癌转移至乳腺病例分析（英文）

乳腺外来源的转移性乳腺癌在所有乳腺癌中所占比例较低,约为0.5%~1.2%,胃印戒细胞癌转移至乳腺更为罕见。本文报道了一例由胃印戒细胞癌转移至乳腺的女性患者,结合相关文献回顾,探讨并总结转移性乳腺癌与原发性乳腺癌在发病机制、临床表现、影像学特点及病理组织和免疫组化中的不同点。本报道旨在提示临床医师在乳腺肿瘤的诊断中,应详细结合患者病史,考虑到乳腺外转移可能,结合病理结果及免疫组化等手段以明确诊断,早期开展后续治疗。此外,随着循环肿瘤细胞和DNA技术的不断发展,对转移性乳腺癌机制的研究更加深入,可能会为此类疾病提供更好的治疗方案。     

乳腺癌的早期诊断的体会

目的探讨乳腺癌的早期诊断方法。方法40岁以上、直径2cm以下乳房纤维瘤行手术切除活检；触不到肿块的乳头血性溢液行导管切除活检；40岁以上乳房囊性增生病行区段切除活检；不明原因的腋下肿大的淋巴结切除活检。结果乳房纤维瘤6．8％为早期癌；乳头血性溢液58.3％(7／12)为乳头状瘤；乳房囊性增生病10.3％为早期癌；不明原因的腋下肿大的淋巴结60．0％(3／5)为早期癌。结论对40岁以上乳房纤维瘤行切除活检；对触不到肿块的乳头溢液行导管切除活检；对40岁以上乳房囊性增生病行区段切除活检；对不明原因的腋下肿大的淋巴结切除活检可早期诊断乳腺癌。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.