教师与学生的理想学生观念研究--兼论开放型问卷数据的定量分析

学生的理想学生观念反映了学生作为学习者的自我认识,并对其受教育动机和愿望有重要影响,而教师的理想学生观念与教室内主流的教育教学模式紧密相关。研究采用半结构式问卷的方法,让教师和学生罗列出他们认为理想学生应具备的最重要的五项特征。研究结果表明,小学教师和学生的理想学生观念主要体现在学习、道德、行为和身心发展四个类别上,其中学生的理想学生观念中成绩好非常重要,但对学习动机、学习能力和学习习惯的重视程度不高;而教师的理想学生观念中最重要的是学生的品德,教师对学习成绩、学习动机和学习能力的重视程度较高,对学习习惯的重视程度较低。教师与学生的理想学生观念存在差异,且他们的观念与国家课程改革提出的教育目标也存在差异。     

The relationship among college science student achievement,engaged time,and personal characteristics

The relationships among college student science achievement, engaged time (observed and perceived), and personal characteristics of academic aptitude, reasoning ability, attitude toward science, and locus of control were investigated. Measures of personal characteristics were obtained from the subjects (N= 76) of a private, liberal arts junior college before observations began in the lecture classes for the quarter. Instruments used to measure personal characteristics were Scholastic Aptitude Test, Test of Logical Thinking, Test of Scientific Attitude, and Leven-son's Multidimensional View of Locus of Control. Based on a random selection procedure, student engaged time was observed at least ten times for 11 lectures. Achievement tests were constructed and validated for the biology classes. Data were analyzed by multiple regression procedures. The average achievement scores were positively related to academic aptitude and reasoning ability. Positive relationships were found between observed engaged time and academic aptitude and a negative relationship was found between observed engaged time and reasoning ability. Also a positive relationship was found between perceived engaged time and achievement. Pearson product-moment correlations between achievement and observed engaged time were significant as were the correlations between perceived engaged time and achievement. Measure of engaged time (observed and perceived) were also related to each other. The study's data indicate that students who were observed to be engaged were low in reasoning ability or high in academic aptitude. Those who perceived themselves as being engaged achieved more. College instructors who have knowledge of student academic aptitude and reasoning ability may use this knowledge to improve achievement. Engaged time measures were significantly related to achievement, which indicates an instructor should endeavor to keep the students as engaged as possible to enhance achievement. Students who are engaged or pay attention or perceived they are engaged or paying attention during lecture classes achieve more than students who are observed as nonengaged or perceive themselves as nonengaged.     

浅谈新形势下高职学生管理工作的因材施教

新形势背景下的高职学校在开展学生管理工作过程中,必须尊重学生的个别差异,因材施教,才能起到事半功倍的效果。     

Poles apart? Gender differences in proposals for sexuality education content

Are young women and men’s preferences for sexuality education content poles apart? This article explores gender differences in senior school students’ suggestions for issues sexuality education should cover. Findings are analysed in relation to debate about mixed and single sex classrooms and boys’ perceived disinterest in lessons. It is argued that young women and men’s content preferences were largely similar on items that a majority selected for inclusion. Topics less than half of participants named revealed a greater number of gender differences. Employing theoretical insights from feminist post‐structuralism, responses are also examined for how they position young people as sexual subjects and whether these conform to or deviate from perceptions of ‘conventional heterosexualities’. This examination enables an understanding of how young people view themselves as sexual and whether this matches their constitution within sexuality programmes. The implications of students’ content preferences and the way these position them as sexual subjects are considered for the possibilities they present for programme design and delivery.     

教材、考试与素质教育

减负增效,实行素质教育,是不同层次外语教学改革的共同目标.为达到这一目标,仅靠行政干预是不够的,必须对现行教材和考试方法及考试题型作相应的改革.教材要使学生学有所用,考试要反映学生的英语运用能力.     

基于多元智能理论的数控车实训教学设计研究——以“花瓶组合件的数控加工”为例

将多元智能理论应用于数控车实训教学,关键在于“因材施教”.以多元智能理论为基础,分析了数控车实训所涉及的各项智能,并以“花瓶组合件的数控加工”为例,围绕多元智能理论对数控车实训教学设计进行了研究.同时阐述了在教学实施过程中需要注意的问题,为改善数控车实训教学现状、激发学生潜能、实现全面发展,提供了一定的经验借鉴.     

特长生导师制背景下的师资队伍建设

高职院校实施特长生导师制，需要教师具有高尚的师德修养、合理的专业知识结构、因材施教的教学能力、熟练的专业技能、较强的科研能力与职业指导能力。为此，高职院校应建立和完善各项激励机制和政策，建立青年教师参与实验室建设制度，鼓励教师参加各类专业培训，发动教师开展项目开发和科技服务，充分发挥企业兼职教师的作用。     

Longitudinal reciprocal effects between teachers’ judgments of students’ aptitude,students’ motivation,and grades in math

We investigated whether teachers’ judgments of students’ aptitude had reciprocal effects on students’ motivation and math grades. We expected that teachers’ judgments of students’ aptitude would predict students’ grades and motivation, and that teachers’ judgments would also be predicted by these two aspects. A sample of N = 519 elementary school students was investigated at four measurement occasions from the end of third until the end of fourth grade. Students reported their self-concepts and intrinsic task values in math. Teachers (N = 27) judged students’ aptitude in math and provided students’ math grades. Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed that students’ prior grades and prior self-concepts (but not intrinsic task values) had positive effects on teachers’ subsequent judgments of student aptitude. Also, teachers’ prior judgments of student aptitude predicted students’ subsequent grades but not motivation. The findings underscore the importance of teachers’ judgments for students’ achievement development and give insights into which students’ motivational variables influence teachers’ perceptions of students’ aptitude.     

西方音乐史课程教学改革的思考与建议

在高校西方音乐史教学中,教师应在教学中对不同层次、不同专业作出区分,实施因材施教,做到学以致用。西方音乐史作为一门音乐类院校的基础支撑性课程,处于重要的地位,但也存在着自身的缺陷与不足。因此要转变观念,将死记硬背转化为理解,同时明确学习的用途;描大框,摘要点;师生互动,活跃课堂,才能收到良好的下过。     

适合学生的教学:要义、理念和面临的困境

"为每个学生提供适合的教育"要求学校提供适合的教学。对这一问题的论证不仅应从教学的视角入手,更需从广阔的视域予以考量——"适合学生"不仅仅限于倡导"差异教学"或"因材施教",更蕴含着多个先进的现代教育理念。然而,现实与理念的冲突及多种因素的制约却使践行适合学生的教学面临困境,教育学研究者应进一步探索,努力寻求一些可能、可行且可为的解决方略。     

INFLUENCES OF MOTIVATION AND APTITUDE ON LEARNING ELEMENTARY ACCOUNTING IN A JUNIOR COLLEGE THROUGH INDIVIDUALIZED SELF‐PACED AND TRADITIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS

The purpose of this study was to compare two teaching methods in elementary accounting: an individualized self‐paced method and a traditional method. One hundred students enrolled in an individualized self‐paced elementary accounting class and 150 students enrolled in traditional elementary accounting classes were used in this study. The pre‐experimental equivalence of age, sex, college grade point average, business courses previously taken on the college level, and previous work experience were compared for the two groups. All of the students were administered the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Orientation Test and the Mehrabian Measures of Achieving Tendency at the beginning of the courses. Students in both groups completed the first 14 chapters in the same textbook. Students were then given the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Achievement Test, Level 1, Form GS. A significant relationship was found between students’ aptitude as measured by the AICPA Orientation Test and students’ age. Average age was significantly higher for those students in the individualized self‐paced accounting laboratory class. Age, along with aptitude, was found to be a significant predictor of success in the individualized self‐paced laboratory class but not the traditional classes. A multiple regression analysis showed that aptitude was found to be the best single predictor of students’ achievement in elementary accounting. Only 17 of the 100 students in the self‐paced class completed the course; 16 of those had high aptitude and high achievement motivation scores. A general conclusion of the study was that if individualized self‐paced accounting laboratories are to be used in teaching elementary accounting, counselors should select students who have high scores in both motivation and aptitude. Students with other than a combination of high aptitude and motivation scores should be provided with remedial work in order to raise their achievement and retention level or they should be advised to take traditional courses.     

大学英语班内隐性分层教学模式初探

从＂分层教学＂的内容和方式等方面进行班内隐性分层教学探讨,试图找出能实现＂面向全体＂和＂因材施教＂的有机结合的途径,以提高大学英语课堂教学质量。     

循序引导 自学自立——谈职业生的数学自学教学

以培养学生自学能力为目的,改革课堂教学结构,优化教学过程,采取“自学、议论、引导”的教学方法。其中,自学能力包括三个阶段：自学能力的释放;自学活动的进行;自学能力的评价。改革课堂教学结构要从内容、形式、环节、课型四个方面来入手。教学过程要成为学生为主的智力活动,注重因材施教。促进学生个性发展,师生互动,生动活泼,最终目标是使学生的主动性、创新能力、组织能力、交际能力明显提高。     

高职《计算机应用基础》实践教学探讨

计算机实践教学要坚持以教师为主导,以学生为主体,以技能为主线的原则,通过师生互动,因材施教,充分发挥学生的潜能,引导学生把知识转化成技能,转化成基本素养.     

激发主动参与发挥主体作用

建立和谐的师生关系，创设生动活泼的教学氛围，激发学生主动参与教学的全过程，开放教学方式，发挥多媒体优势，因材施教，可以促使全体学生最大限度地参与学习。     

‘It was as useful as a chocolate kettle’: sex education in the lives of same‐sex‐attracted young people in Australia

Sex education is a contested site in the school curriculum as communities grapple with who should teach young people about sex and how it should be taught. In this paper we ask whether same‐sex‐attracted young people are being exposed to appropriate and relevant sex education at school, and if they are not whether it is necessary that sex education be inclusive of sexual difference. In the second Australian survey of 1749 same‐sex‐attracted youth of 14–21 years old, we ask young people about sex education classes at school, how useful they were for them, their sources of information regarding gay and lesbian relationships and safe sex, sexual behaviours and incidence of sexually transmissible infections and pregnancy. We find from the data that most of these young people found sex education to be useless because it was not inclusive. In comparison with normative studies, these young people were, on average, sexually active earlier, had higher rates of diagnosed sexually transmissible infections and at least as high an incidence of pregnancy. We conclude from the data that there is a need for sex education in schools to be inclusive of the sexuality of all students, not just those who are attracted to the opposite sex.     

文化认同视角下的大学生思想政治状况实证调研--以粤东地区高校为例

以2017年和2018年广东省粤东地区青年大学生为研究对象,1130份调查问卷为研究样本,从政治理论学习和国家认同感、职业规划和就业观、人生方向和个人文化需求方式等三个方面进行统计分析。从文化认同的视角阐述当代青年学生在价值取向、理想信念,文化需求的特点及存在问题,并提出对青年学生思想政治状况的教育策略为:树立马克思主义理论在青年价值取向中的指导作用;用中国优秀传统文化孕育青年学生的文化需求;用中国梦树立正确的理想追求。     

借鉴国外经验构建我国大学生创业支持系统

如果有好的项目和适量的资金,很多大学生都想创业。制约我国大学生创业的关键因素是创业支持系统不完善。要想尽快提高我国大学生的创业水平,一定要构建高效率的创业支持系统。我国创业的主力军应该设定为大学生,他们年轻、有知识、有智商,将创业支持的重点转移到大学生身上会收到更好的效果。     

The relationship among teacher classroom management behavior,student engagement,and student achievement of middle and high school science students of varying aptitude

This study was designed to determine the relationship among teacher classroom management behavior, student engagement, and student achievement of middle and high school science students. These variables were investigated across varying levels of academic aptitude. Two week long units were taught by 30 experienced science teachers. During this period of time teacher classroom management behavior, student achievement (n = 570), student engagement (n = 269), and student academic aptitude (n = 649) were measured. Twelve selected management indicators from Georgia Teachers Performance Assessment Indicators (TPAI) were used to measure teacher classroom management behaviors. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables, and appropriate post hoc procedures were used. Analyses showed that there was a significant relationship among all variables. Post hoc analysis showed that these results were consistent across levels of aptitude. Other relationships found were between student engagement and achievement, student aptitude and achievement, and student aptitude and engagement. Correlation coefficients were obtained for each individual management indicators. Those particular management behaviors which were correlated with achievement and engagement are: identifies students who do not understand directions and helps them individually, maintains learner involvement in lessons, reinforces and encourages the efforts of learners to maintain involvement, attends to routine tasks, uses instructional time efficiently, provides feedback to learners about their behavior, manages disruptive behavior among learners.     

理科大学生的思想政治课教学困境与对策思考——以河南高校为例

高校思想政治课教育的主要对象就是理科学生,但施教难、教育效果不理想却成了普遍存在的困境;学生方面的轻视与学习方法不当、老师方面的教态与方法上的问题、以及教材、学校体制等,都是促成这一困境的原因;改进课程设置、教学体制,转变教学策略与方法是解决问题的出路。