高校毕业生为何“有业不就”——基于理性选择理论的解读

当前大学生就业难问题严峻,但是却有人“有业不就”。文章运用理性选择理论分析发现：物质资本、人力资本和社会资本对“有业不就”有着一定的影响;毕业生出于经济利益、工作满足及情感满足等目的而选择“有业不就”;当前的户籍制度和雇佣制度制约着高校毕业生的行动。高校毕业生“有业不就”是一种理性行动。     

Influence of university prestige on graduate wage and job satisfaction: the case of South Korea

ABSTRACT

Obtaining a tertiary degree no longer guarantees entry to the best occupational positions in today’s labour market. Success is no longer about ‘more’ education, but about ‘better’ education for university graduates. This study aims to understand whether university prestige in Korea accounts for occupational outcomes in both monetary and non-monetary aspects, such as salaries and job satisfaction. The study particularly focuses on the way different levels of university prestige are affected by gender. The fourth wave data from the Korean Education and Employment Panel were used, providing information from the results of a panel survey of university graduates in terms of their social and academic background and job employment status. Results show that university prestige continues to matters in occupational outcomes in particular, for wage, but it is not significant for job satisfaction. The effect is more significant among male graduates than among female graduates.     

Prosody in skilled silent reading: evidence from eye movements

Recent eye movement experiments offer preliminary evidence that skilled readers activate word‐level prosodic information when silently reading sentences. This paper reviews the role of eye movements during reading as well as the preliminary evidence for prosodic processing. A new experiment examines whether prosodic processing differs for high and low frequency words. Readers' eye movements were monitored while reading target words presented in sentences preceded by parafoveal previews that either contained the exact initial syllable of the target (i.e. the congruent preview condition) or the initial syllable plus the next letter (i.e. the incongruent preview condition). Reading times on high frequency words did not differ in the congruent and incongruent preview conditions, but reading times on low frequency words were faster in the congruent condition. The implications of the present result and previous studies are discussed in terms of phonological hub theory, which is a production‐based theory of word recognition during skilled silent reading.     

大学生劳动角色预演的不适及其防范

劳动角色预演作为大学生正式就业前对劳动角色的预备演出。具有为大学毕业生提供必要的劳动行为参考模式、克服因顺应社会过度而产生的反适应社会倾向、提升核心就业力等方面的适应社会功能。逃避劳动角色预演和劳动角色预演偏失是常见的两种大学生劳动角色预演不适应社会的表现。认同自身的准劳动者角色、把握劳动角色的要求和试展劳动角色的风范是大学生免于出现劳动角色预演不适的有效防范策略。     

Semantic and plausibility effects on preview benefit during eye fixations in Chinese reading

The boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) was used to examine whether high level information affects preview benefit during Chinese reading. In two experiments, readers read sentences with a 1-character target word while their eye movements were monitored. In Experiment 1, the semantic relatedness between the target word and the preview word was manipulated so that there were semantically related and unrelated preview words, both of which were not plausible in the sentence context. No significant differences between these two preview conditions were found, indicating no effect of semantic preview. In Experiment 2, we further examined semantic preview effects with plausible preview words. There were four types of previews: identical, related & plausible, unrelated & plausible, and unrelated & implausible. The results revealed a significant effect of plausibility as single fixation and gaze duration on the target region were shorter in the two plausible conditions than in the implausible condition. Moreover, there was some evidence for a semantic preview benefit as single fixation duration on the target region was shorter in the related & plausible condition than the unrelated & plausible condition. Implications of these results for processing of high level information during Chinese reading are discussed.     

Choice Modeling New Zealand High School Seniors' Preferences for University Education

ABSTRACT

Preferences for college education among year 12 and 13 high school seniors from throughout New Zealand were surveyed. Initial focus group researched students in the process of deciding on college education and/or on a particular college or university institution in their choice process. Quantitative research developed from the focus group responses and based on a stated preferences (choice) survey of school students (n = 526) followed. Students' preferences regarding university choice were predominantly influenced by the quality and flexibility of the degree and/or course options, likelihood that employers will recruit from the university, the extent that university accommodation is subsidized and the overall cost of attending the university positioned in comparison to other universities. Secondary students would prefer not to attend a university with access restricted to an “A” bursary examination mark (bursary is a New Zealand pre-college examination to gain fee subsidy), that has limited first year accommodation, or which offers sports scholarships. New Zealand secondary school students are relatively price insensitive, with the cost of attending university not perceived as a deterrent. Moreover, the research findings show a positive cost-value relationship exists in students' choice preferences. Students would prefer to attend a university where the cost was equal to or higher than other options.     

大学生就业障碍性因素及成因分析

通过分析社会、高校、用人单位和大学毕业生中阻碍大学生顺利就业的障碍性因素及成因，有利于就业政策的制订，有利转变大学生就业意识、提高就业服务质量，便于大学生排除或回避就业过程中的障碍性因素，提高高校毕业生就业率，促进我国高等教育持续健康协调发展。     

大学生抑郁症的成因调查及预防策略

抑郁症是严重危害人类身心健康的精神疾病,它已成为离我们越来越近的心理疾病,也正在悄悄地侵袭着高校大学生,已引起社会的广泛关注.本文从大学生抑郁自测量表(SDS)问卷调查人手,试分析导致大学生抑郁症形成的主要原因,并提出预防和干预抑郁症的对策.这对于大学生形成健康稳定的人格,培养良好的心理素质,促进校园和谐及社会稳定具有非常重要的现实意义.     

Social dynamics,university experiences,and graduates' job outcomes

In Canada, little attention has been paid to the extent to which job outcomes are the result of the human capital honed in university or of broader social dynamics. Combining the fundamental insights of status attainment and cultural reproduction theories with propositions of the college impact model, the current study examines the effects of cultural, social and human capital on four job outcomes two years after graduation from a Canadian university. Overall, it is found that variables measuring cultural and human capital have independent effects on job outcomes; however, the impact of social capital is minimal. The findings suggest that graduates' job outcomes are connected to broader social dynamics as well as to what they might learn in university.     

河南省师范类院校大学生兼职情况的调查与分析

随着社会竞争日趋激烈,大学生就业形势日益严峻,面临着高校收费体制改革和用工单位对工作经历青睐的双重压力,越来越多的在校大学生利用课余时间走出校园,走入社会,从事兼职工作。调查发现,师范院校大学生参与兼职存在兼职大学生的正当权益得不到保障、兼职渠道较少、兼职种类单一、兼职的目的性不强、兼职与自身专业相关程度较低等问题。文章应用成因分析从国家、学校和学生自身三个层面寻找解决问题的对策,使每个兼职大学生都能在兼职过程中有所收获、提升自我。     

当代大学生虚拟与现实社会人际关系的差异性分析

随着互联网络技术的发展,网络已经成为当代大学生日常交际与学习的主要部分。网络已经在很大程度上影响到大学生的交际与学习。文章以大学某一班级为研究对象,利用社会网络分析方法,对学生在虚拟社会与现实社会中的情感支持、学习互助两个方面进行了人际关系量化分析。研究表明,该班级学生在虚拟与现实中的人际关系在情感支持与学习互助方面存在显著差异。     

教师教育大学化：必然的趋势与现实的问题

由师范教育向教师教育转型的一个重要特征,就是传统的、封闭的由单一的师范院校培养教师的定向性师范教育格局被打破,综合性大学开始参与教师的培训工作,教师教育大学化成为师范教育改革的一种必然趋势。但在综合性大学教师教育改革实践过程中,如何充分利用综合性大学的学科优势,继承和发扬我国百年师范教育积累的经验和特色,解决传统师范教育模式学术性与师范性的矛盾,如何结合国家、地区和学校实际,立足于本土化,实现由师范教育向教师教育质的转变,综合性大学教师教育改革在必然性的历程中面临着诸多不可回避的现实问题,需要认真思考和研究。     

Amotivation and Indecision in the Decision-Making Processes Associated with University Entry

This study developed and tested two models that examined the decision-making processes of adolescents relating to entry into university, in terms of the extent to which they may be amotivated and undecided. The models incorporated variables derived from self-determination theory, expectancy-value theory, and research on occupational indecision. A modified version of a psychometrically rigorous survey instrument was used to collect data from 349 senior high school students attending three high schools in Sydney, Australia. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling procedures. The refined versions of both models had good fit. The superior model suggested that: (a) family influences negatively predict amotivation with university entry (b) amotivation with university entry negatively predicts the valuing of interest/enjoyment and income due to university study, a desire for a “good” occupation, and expectations for success, and (c) amotivation with university entry positively predicts indecision with university entry.     

New findings on the links between college education and work

This article utilizes data from two surveys of college graduates to addres the issue of the value of postsecondary education in the labor market. In considering income, relation of job to college major, and job satisfaction, it concludes that underemployment and job dissatisfaction are less pervasive than many researchers would have us believe. Differences by sex are also considered. Given a choice of whether or not to attend college, it seems clear that the decision to attend is the wise one. And one way to maximize potential job-related benefits is to be judicious in choice of major. Students apparently are of this advice and are acting accordingly.     

新时期大学生职业评价浅论

大学生就业率的高低是衡量一所高校办学质量与效益的重要标志,而科学地进行职业评价又是大学生择业的重要前提,每个大学生在评价和选择职业时,都要考虑个人的生存、价值、奉献,如何引导帮助他们正确认识职业评价,树立正确的职业评价观,这对于高校大学生顺利择业和就业有着极其重要的指导意义。     

高校毕业生就业问题与政府就业管理——基于媒体教育新闻的元分析

以192条高校毕业生就业新闻报道为研究对象进行初步的元分析发现:政府在解决大学生就业难的问题上,正在承担着主要责任,并在多方面采取了积极的措施,弥补了高校毕业生就业市场中存在的失灵。随着我国高校毕业生就业市场的不断完善,政府的积极干预应逐渐弱化,应充分地通过市场来调节就业市场的供求关系。     

基于麦肯锡7S模型的高职院校员工培训

针对高职院校员工队伍建设问题,提出一个现实、可行的选择,就是对在职员工进行培训。要从人力资源管理与开发这一战略高度,在理念、认知、方法等方面进行系统的思考。     

计算机专业高技能型人才培养模式研究

分析了高校高技能型人才培养面临的问题,给出了高校高技能型人才培养的策略。结合高校计算机专业特色,从合理选择教学内容、加强实践教学、开展产学研结合等三个方面研究了如何进行校企结合的高技能型人才培养。     

我校升本10年的事业发展和道路探索

我校升本10年来的发展,是在我国高等教育大众化的背景中实现的。10年来的事业发展突出地表现在确立了发展战略,扩大了办学规模,实现了两个转型,重构了办学格局,规范了本科教育,提升了综合实力,拓展了校地互动。我校持续推进学校转型,基本完成了从专科办学层次向本科办学层次的转型、从以教师教育学科专业为主的文理学院到应用学科专业为主的理工学院转型。10年来,我校对自身的发展道路进行了探索,在办学定位、内涵建设、发展路径和创业文化等方面取得了重要成果。     

大学生兼职的现状调查与职业发展研究

大学生从事兼职现已成为大学校园里的普遍现象,且越来越受到教育理论界的关注。兼职不仅是大学生参加社会实践活动和勤工俭学的一种有效途径,同时也是大学生思想政治教育的重要抓手。本文采取抽样调查的实证研究方法,从大学生兼职的群体、兼职时间的长短、兼职的目的和种类,以及兼职工作与大学生经济状况的关系等几个方面,分析在校大学生从事兼职工作的现状,探讨大学生从事兼职对其学业状况、能力发展和职业发展的关联性影响,研究高校、教育行政主管部门等如何从提高大学生思想政治教育的实效性出发,在切实引导和保障大学生顺利完成学业的前提下,达到兼职工作需求和发展意愿之间的平衡,实现大学生个人的成长成才。