俞大猷体育思想考述

通过文献资料法对俞大猷的军事体育思想进行分析。认为其军事体育思想的特点表现在：精选将卒,注重个人先天条件,因材施教,重视后天的训练和培养;反对武术技击中的“花架子”,重视实战需要;个人武术修养高深,对武术技击的见解深厚;将领必精于武艺;重视练兵中的思想教育。他的军事体育思想不仅适用于当时的军事训练和作战,而且对现代军事体育及一般体育的发展均具有重要意义。     

攻防技击回归武术套路教学的研究

文章通过对武术套路教育技击缺失的历史背景及现实情况进行分析,指出武术套路的教学目标建立在学生防身自卫主体需求之上。文章对学生学习武术套路的现状进行分析,找出武术套路教学所遇到的问题,从武术套路内容本身着手进行调查研究,指出武术套路教学内容需要包含更多的技击动作,以激发学生练习武术的动机,提出攻防技击回归武术套路教学,以新的武术套路内容诠释武术的技击含义,保持武术的技击本质。     

论武术与技击关系

通过对武术界关于武术与技击关系的不同观点综述的归纳与梳理,认为技击不属于武术,但是技击与武术密不可分,旨在弄清技击在武术中的地位与作用。     

传统武术与现代社会的融合发展

继承、发展传统武术，必须重视研究历史。因为历史是今天更好发展的一面镜子。我们研究传统武术的源流，是为了借鉴前人的经验更好地发展现代武术。因此，在研究时不能把“传统”与“现代”截然分离开来，认为武术越古远越正宗，是现代文明使武术不“武”而走了样。如果是这样，就会把传统武术囿于一个封闭的狭窄圈子里，因得不到发展而不能融入现代社会人们的生活之中。以现代人们评价武术的技击性为例，可以肯定地认为，技击是武术的本质特点。技击过程是朴实无华的，历史上中国许多武术家曾凭借中华武术的技击威力，扬我国威，使中华武术…     

俞大猷《剑经》的武术技击战略战术法则

俞大猷《剑经》的武术技击战略战术法则徐伯然俞大猷是明代的一代名将，著名的武术技击理论家和技击家。他的武术技击专著《剑经》，提出了一系列具有普遍指导意义的武术技击战略战术法则。１视不能如能俞大猷在《剑经》总诀歌中首先提出这条武术技击战略指导方针，要求在...     

乌托邦:武术技击的理想

当从理想来看待乌托邦时,人们越来越感觉到它是一种普遍存在的心态.武术乌托邦,是关于技击的理想和想象,它既体现在对技术方法的尽善尽美的追求上,也表现为价值目标的全面、多元之上.套路的技击乌托邦体现在套路对武术技击的一系列想象性处理和加工,而表现出繁杂化、精细化、全面化等;技击话语的乌托邦表现在人们对套路动作的技击解释和对武术技击行为(如散打)的美学评价之中;以及"泛和谐"价值观对身体运动、人际关系、人与自然关系、价值取向等的话语和追求之中.这种对武术技击的梦想,正是消费社会供给人们消费的内容.     

技击和武术套路的关系

分析技击和武术套路的关系,包括技击在武术套路中的表现方式,技击赋予武术套路的功能,以及技击与武术套路演练、教学、创编的联系。     

武术本质论

用辩证思维方法,分析武术的现象与本质.提出武术的共同本质是技击,武术套路、武术散打、武术功法、武术艺术的特殊本质分别是技击含义、技击对抗、技击功力、技击艺术.并对武术本质的成因、作用及原理进行了论述.     

刍议武术技击性在高校武术教学中的应用

技击性是武术的本质,虽然每个派别都各具特色,但都是历史的沉淀与凝积,随着人类科技发展,现代社会中武术技击的作用已发生转变。学校是体育的篮,是规范、普及教育的必由之路,因此,身为武术教学的传授者,需要反思一下如何使武术技击性在高校教学中得到传授,使学生对武术有更深入的认识,激发学生的训练兴趣与积极情绪,使得武术的本质得到继承和发展。     

武术概念之研究

武术的概念问题是武术界长期以来争论的热点问题,本文在对武术功能研究的基础上,运用逻辑分析的方法对以往的武术概念进行了剖析,揭示了武术的本质属性和种属关系,将武术的概念定义为:武术是以技击为练习内容,以身体练习为基本手段,以追求个人安全和保卫个人利益为目的的中华民族传承的个人军事实践活动。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。