试析图书馆员的知识导航服务

文章阐述了图书馆员的知识导航服务即是信息导航服务,并提出了搞好知识导航服务的重要意义和措施。     

超文本信息环境导航的主要形式及功能特色

本文分析了超文本信息环境导航的三种主要形式:通过图形化浏览器导航;通过元认知提示和适应性帮助导航;通过预设浏览路径和自适应超链注解导航。同时,阐述了超文本信息环境导航必须具备的功能特色。     

基于情景的Web动态导航研究*

基于静态链的情景导航以增加线性力、牺牲自由度的方式增强导航力， 存在一定的缺陷。在分析情景、情景链及动态导航原理的基础上，探讨基于情景的Web动态导航框架模型和导航策略。该方法既可以弥补基于静态链的情景导航的缺陷，同时又能够提供多维语义导航。     

基于本体论的语义导航模型研究

本文通过对信息导航的现状分析，提出基于本体论的语义导航思想，研究了基于本体论的信息组织，构建了基于本体论的语义导航模型，并结合实例探讨了语义导航的实现原理。     

学科导航研究与建设中存在的重要问题

文章通过对国内外学科导航实践的文献考察,探讨了当前学科导航研究与建设中存在的亟待解决的四个重要问题:学科导航的评价指标问题、学科导航在图书馆工作中的意义、版权/著作权合理使用问题以及学科导航联盟建设中的问题.     

CALIS重点学科网络资源导航库的使用情况分析

通过对CALIS重点学科网络资源导航库访问情况、链接情况和网站入口情况统计和分析,重点从网络用户的使用习惯、搜索引擎技术的发展以及导航库自身的一些问题分析了导航库利用率不高的原因,并有针对性地提出了一些建议。     

基于Ontology的语义导航研究*

提出基于Ontology建立导航机制，赋予导航语义，可以改善WWW导航的现状。本文主要讨论了Ontology及其对导航的支持，并给出一个基于Ontology的语义导航模型。     

CALIS导航库:现状、困境与发展

阐述了CALIS导航库存在的价值和意义,对其目前面临的困境进行了分析,并提出了CALIS导航库可持续发展的构想。     

公共图书馆网络信息资源的利用与导航

从公共图书馆网络资源导航的状况出发，深入探讨图书馆网络信息资源的导航原则与方法，以及导航中所面临的问题，并时信息化时代公共图书馆员的综合素质提出了新的要求。     

WWW信息导航可视化研究

WWW信息导航与可视化关系密切．可视化是增强导航系统表现力、交互性和可用性的一个重要手段。WWW信息导航的可视化包括导航元素的可视化和导航结构的可视化。信息导航元素——颜色、大小、形状、隐喻，是实现导航元素可视化的途径。从基于图形结构和空间结构探讨了WWW信息导航结构的可视化，并介绍了4种支持导航的可视化技术：（1）鱼眼图技术；（2）Focus＋Context技术：（3）视点控制技术；（4）突显技术。     

Rural Libraries- A Comparative Study in Four States of India

Abstract

The role information plays in socio-economic development can not be over-emphasized. People need different types of information in their day-to-day life and their information seeking behaviour also differs from person to person. In India, 70 percent of the population lives in rural areas. The access the rural population has to information sources is very limited. Libraries, in addition to other sources, form a major source of information. However, the libraries in rural areas, as observed from earlier studies, are traditional in nature and not well equipped to effectively cater to the information needs of the rural people. Non-existence of library legislation in various states of India is one of the factors which adversely affected the development of a library system. This present study examines the status of rural libraries in four states of India, the information needs of the people in the study area, and their information seeking behaviour. The study also examines the role of the latest IT techniques in improving the present status of rural libraries.

This study concludes that the libraries existing presently in rural areas are in a poor state of affairs. Lack of adequate resources, financial and human, is identified as the major reason for the present status of rural libraries. As far as information needs, a majority of respondents look for information relating to development schemes, employment opportunities, education, health, etc. Mass media including newspaper, TV, and radio are the major sources of information, followed by relatives/friends, and government officials. This study suggests the transformation of existing libraries or establishing a new set up of dynamic information centres with the help of the latest IT to effectively cater to the information needs of the rural people.     

八十年类书研究之检讨

类书是一种特殊的文献编纂形式。检讨近八十年来有关类书的研究状况,类书的研究可以分为相关研究专著与相关研究论文两部分。从相关研究专著来看,各成体系,面也铺得较宽;从相关研究论文来看,对类书的研究主要集中在类书与目录学的关系、类书与索引的关系、类书的分类体系与分类思想、类书产生与发展的原因、类书的起源、类书的性质、类书的综论性研究、类书的功用、类书与文学的关系、类书的现代化、类书与文献编纂、类书的编纂思想、敦煌类书等十几个方面。同时,指出了八十年来类书研究的不足之处,以期对将来的类书研究有所帮助。     

Some Theory for the Conservation of Contemporary Art

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes different ontological categories and how they relate to the conservation of contemporary art. Faced with the necessity of apprehending the work of art from an ontological point of view, a theoretical approach is made on the concepts that most affect the conservation of contemporary art: quiddity, truth-authenticity, identity, quality, consistency, and interpretation. These are analyzed from an empirical perspective, based on the experience of conservation and restoration. Since conserving and restoring require making decisions that will affect the material and conceptual plane of the works, several possible paradigms that must be introduced into the deontological code of the profession are analyzed. In addition, the study of a new paradigm is provided, that of the death of the work of art. This paradigm can serve as a frame of reference, given the impossibility of bringing the ‘Truth’ of the artwork into the world of the sensitive. This may occur due to different conditioning factors and limitations of a material, technical, or intentional type, which affect issues that were once established as essential to the entity. On the other hand, different types of time that are related to the conservation of contemporary art are studied: biological time, the eternal present of the work, time as a constructor agent, and destructive time as a facilitator of the appearance of ruin or ruin-relic in the work of art.     

后知识服务时代的图书馆转型

转型既是当代图书馆事业的主要特征,也是图书馆学理论研究关注的焦点。目前,图书馆转型处于后知识服务时代,创新成为一种常态,转型成为时代议题,图书馆需要主动转型。图书馆转型是一个系统,除了社会环境和行业环境的深刻影响,还有存在于系统外部的外在驱动力和系统内部的内在驱动力,两者形成一种合力共同引向图书馆转型发展。后知识服务时代,图书馆转型由空间、资源、服务、管理四大要素构成,整体转型是四大要素转型共同作用的结果,而这一转型既需要解决内外部的原理问题,也需要解决理念、关键要素与路径问题。表2。参考文献57。     

Investigating salt decay of stone materials related to the environment,a case study in the St. James church in Liège,Belgium

Salt crystallization is recognized as a major cause of damage to porous building materials, threatening the sustainable preservation of our valuable built heritage. Unfortunately, the crystallization behavior of the detected salt mixtures is complex and not fully understood. While the deliquescence points of single salts are well documented, this is not the case for salts in a mixture where one is confronted with the presence of different cations and anions. In this paper the salt content of the murals and the limestone tracery of the main entrance porch from the sixteenth century church of St. James in Liège, Belgium is investigated and related to the climatic conditions of its environment. Concerning the salt load, the research consists of hygroscopic moisture content measurements, quantitative ion analyses, and the prediction of phase equilibria using the thermodynamic model ECOS/RUNSALT. This model can predict the salt crystallization sequences of a particular ion mixture. The output is mathematically evaluated with collected temperature and relative humidity data, which enables the calculation of the number of salt crystallization–deliquescence cycles. The results show that even small amounts of salts can cause damage over a long period of time when the environment causes frequent cycles of crystallization–deliquescence over time. It is shown how a mixture of small amounts of (double) salts, including hygroscopic ones, can have a significant effect on the decay of historic building materials in the case of daily changing climatic conditions and periods of extreme drought. As a result, the crystallization of double salts and hygroscopic salts such as calcium nitrate cannot be ignored. The scientific method and the results are described.     

Differential thermal expansion as a cause of salt decay: literature review,experiments, and modelling of micro and macro effects on Ançã limestone

Salt decay is one of the harshest, most frequent, and more complex types of decay of porous materials in built heritage, including natural stones, ceramics, and mortars. In this article, we address the mechanism of thermal expansion, which is one of the least studied, yet most controversial, of those proposed over time to explain salt decay. We present a review of scientific literature on the topic, followed by a study of the effects of thermal expansion on a specific material, the well-known Ançã limestone. The study included experimental measurement of the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the Ançã, both in its natural state and with varying contents of sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, or sodium nitrate. The results show that this coefficient: (i) is significantly higher when the stone is contaminated with salt; and (ii) scales approximately with the amount of salt contained in the stone pores, regardless of the type of salt. Based on these results and on modelling of damage modes at the microscopic and macroscopic levels, respectively, we conclude that thermal expansion can cause powdering, disaggregation, or other types of decay consisting of internal loss of cohesion. However, it is not likely to cause exfoliation of salt-loaded layers.     

“互联网+”环境下图书馆跨界融合的实践与模式

[目的/意义]对"互联网+"战略背景下国内图书馆跨界融合的实践进行较为详细的梳理、分析和归纳,总结出图书馆跨界融合的模式、类型和特点,充实图书馆跨界融合的理论并为实践提供借鉴。[方法/过程]综合运用文献调查法、归纳法、案例分析法、观察法等研究方法,对图书馆的跨界融合实践进行研究,归纳出图书馆与互联网的深度融合、与图书出版发行业之间的融合、与网络电商的合作、与信用评估、金融机构相结合、与文化休闲类机构相结合、与其他可提供阅读空间的机构跨界合作等7种跨界方式,以此总结出图书馆跨界融合的具体模式。[结果/结论]图书馆跨界融合的模式主要有：图书馆与互联网的跨界融合、图书馆与相关行业上下游的跨界融合、图书馆与信用、金融机构的跨界融合、图书馆与文化休闲机构的跨界融合等。所有模式的共同点是跨界,但跨界的层次和程度各有不同,从跨界的领域、时限、机构、程度、范围、主动性6个方面进行分类,总结图书馆跨界融合的特点：资源共享、业界范围拓展、利益双赢和文化认同。指出图书馆跨界融合是一种必然的选择,但不要为跨界而跨界,要永葆图书馆服务的初心。     

高校图书馆创新集成运行机制探析

阐释创新集成的内涵与高校图书馆创新集成的意义,剖析高校图书馆面临的问题,指出高校图书馆创新集成的目标是支撑高校知识创新体系、提高用户需求满足度、优化图书馆信息资源体系并促进图书馆可持续发展。构造高校图书馆创新集成运行模式,设计创新集成实现方案,并对资源创新、服务创新、技术创新、管理创新、组织创新和文化创新等创新集成运行要素分别做具体分析。     

Tacit narratives: The meanings of archives

Archivists and historians usually consider archives as repositories of historical sources and the archivist as a neutral custodian. Sociologists and anthropologists see “the archive” also as a system of collecting, categorizing, and exploiting memories. Archivists are hesitantly acknowledging their role in shaping memories. I advocate that archival fonds, archival documents, archival institutions, and archival systems contain tacit narratives which must be deconstructed in order to understand the meanings of archives. Revision of a paper presented, on the invitation of the Master's Programme in Archival Studies, Department of History, University of Manitoba, in the History Department Colloquium series of the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 20 February, 2001. Some of the arguments were used earlier in two papers I presented in the seminar “Archives, Documentation and the Institutions of Social Memory”, organized by the Bentley Historical Library and the International Institute of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 14 February, 2001.     

Fabrics for the twenty-first century: As artist canvas and for the structural reinforcement of easel paintings on canvas

Abstract

The requirements for, and assessment of, suitable fabrics for artist canvas and for the structural reinforcement of easel paintings on canvas are presented. Crucially, the aesthetic and kinaesthetic, as well as physical properties of the canvas fabrics have been taken into account. To evaluate the fabrics the following properties were measured: stiffness, ultimate tensile strength, moisture response, crimp, drape, and lustre. Fabrics investigated include cotton, linen, polyester, polyamides, and carbonized fibres. Although polyester is yet to match linen or cotton kinaesthetically or aesthetically, overall it exhibits the best combination of properties. However, the results have shown that even when raw fibre material has suitable properties the finished woven fabric may not. This is because of the strong influence of the woven geometry on the final behaviour. It has been found that drape and lustre are very good properties to quantify some aspects of the feel and look of fabrics, in the context of conservation, and to provide a common language to ensure that the specification incorporates these aspects.