图考馆与地方文献

本文论及了知识经济时代图书馆面临的机遇与挑战,加强地方文献资源收集是承继文明、开拓创新的重要举措,可以令图书馆走出知识陷阱与片面思维方式,做到全面为社会、经济服务.     

数字化文献的崛起与印刷型文献的命运

文章概述了在新信息环境下用户信息获取行为的变化 ,从政治属性和政策环境、组织机构和人才网络、信息筛选和品牌优势、把关体系和舆论整合功能、用户阅读习惯、使用便利性、长期存取的可能性等方面对数字化信息资源和印刷型文献资源进行了比较 ,认为两者并非替代关系 ,而是相互促进 ,相互融合 ,互补共存 ,在信息传播中共同发挥自己的特殊作用     

Government documents and the online catalog

Prior to planning for implementing the NOTIS system, the Vanderbilt Medical Center Library had not fully cataloged its government publications, and records for these materials were not in machine-readable format. A decision was made that patrons should need to look in only one place for all library materials, including the Health and Human Services Department publications received each year from the central library's Government Documents Unit. Beginning in 1985, these publications were added to the library's database, and the entire 7,200-piece collection is now in the online catalog. Working with these publications has taught the library much about the advantages and disadvantages of cataloging government documents in an online environment. It was found that OCLC cataloging copy is eventually available for most titles, although only about 10% of the records have MeSH headings. Staff time is the major expenditure; problems are caused by documents' irregular nature, frequent format changes, and difficult authority work. Since their addition to the online catalog, documents are used more and the library has better control.     

古典文献数字化：选择与契机

现代数字技术的发展开启了中华古典文献的数字化进程，在这一具有历史意味的进程中，它将带给传统国学研究与古籍整理出版以怎样的思想转变与选择机遇？论文试图对此作一概述和探讨。     

Accidental government documents librarian: A review of experiences and training needs of interim documents librarians

The results of a survey to determine the training needs and normative experiences of temporary government documents librarians are presented. The results indicate that temporary librarians tend to work in academia, have been in librarianship for a shorter time period, and have fewer technical processing skills than permanent documents librarians.     

复合文献的特征及其管理

本文提出了集印刷型文献与电子文献于一体的新型“复合文献”的概念 ,分析了复合文献的类型特征、内容特征和出版特征 ,并在综合考虑复合文献诸种管理要素的基础上 ,提出了先分散后集中的管理模式     

Technical documents as rhetorical agency

This research argues that documents can become intermediaries which affect the relationships between disparate groups. Through a critical analysis of materials distributed during an online protest, the author traces the life of a single technical document, simultaneously describing how it was described during deliberation between several groups. Marcusean critical theory and rhetorical criticism framed the analysis. It is suggested that certain documents act as a locus between otherwise unaffiliated groups and that those documents become agents who can mediate deliberation. Further, it is suggested that document analysis can become an important aspect for interpreting group relationships. Future research examining the agency of documents is suggested.     

Learning-based summarisation of XML documents

Documents formatted in eXtensible Markup Language (XML) are available in collections of various document types. In this paper, we present an approach for the summarisation of XML documents. The novelty of this approach lies in that it is based on features not only from the content of documents, but also from their logical structure. We follow a machine learning, sentence extraction-based summarisation technique. To find which features are more effective for producing summaries, this approach views sentence extraction as an ordering task. We evaluated our summarisation model using the INEX and SUMMAC datasets. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of features from the logical structure of documents increases the effectiveness of the summariser, and that the learnable system is also effective and well-suited to the task of summarisation in the context of XML documents. Our approach is generic, and is therefore applicable, apart from entire documents, to elements of varying granularity within the XML tree. We view these results as a step towards the intelligent summarisation of XML documents.

唤醒史料

档案界同行常常会有这样共同的感受,初识生人,对方往往会对我们的职业发生浓厚的兴趣."档案",提起这两个字,就像面对深不可测的古潭,让对方脸上立刻布满了懵懂.平时览书阅报,我们也常常会发现,与档案相连的字眼大多是"尘封"、"神秘"、"解密"等等,甚至"档案"一词一度还成为秘闻的代名词,被一些书刊所滥用.     

论民族文献的开发利用

阐述了开发利用民族文献的意义，并结合民族文献信息部门的实际，提出开发利用民族文献的方法和途径。     

Data and documents: Methods of information representation

This paper reviews the relationship between the concepts of “information,” “data,” and document that are applied both with regard to traditional and electronic information resources. The distinction between the information and document concepts is discussed. A document is viewed as an integral part (element) of data. The methodological difference between data searches in two types of information systems, viz., factual and document, is discussed.     

论民族文献导读

文章阐述了开展民族文献导读的意义和设想，并提出了开展民族文献导读工作的方法和途径。     

见证黑土地山水奇观——关于《清代五大连池火山喷发满文档案文献》

《清代五大连池火山啧发满文档案文献》今天能够幸存,并成功入选《中国档案文献遗产名录》,曾经历了一番劫后回归并被发掘认识的过程,而劫掠者就是沙皇时期的俄国入侵者。     

Classifying documents with link-based bibliometric measures

Automatic document classification can be used to organize documents in a digital library, construct on-line directories, improve the precision of web searching, or help the interactions between user and search engines. In this paper we explore how linkage information inherent to different document collections can be used to enhance the effectiveness of classification algorithms. We have experimented with three link-based bibliometric measures, co-citation, bibliographic coupling and Amsler, on three different document collections: a digital library of computer science papers, a web directory and an on-line encyclopedia. Results show that both hyperlink and citation information can be used to learn reliable and effective classifiers based on a kNN classifier. In one of the test collections used, we obtained improvements of up to 69.8% of macro-averaged F ₁ over the traditional text-based kNN classifier, considered as the baseline measure in our experiments. We also present alternative ways of combining bibliometric based classifiers with text based classifiers. Finally, we conducted studies to analyze the situation in which the bibliometric-based classifiers failed and show that in such cases it is hard to reach consensus regarding the correct classes, even for human judges.