Developmentally appropriate criteria for evaluating sexual abuse prevention programs

Many sexual abuse prevention programs originally designed for school children are inappropriately used with preschool children. Programs used with young children need to take into consideration their unique learning abilities. This paper uses a developmentally appropriate practice framework as a guide in helping early childhood professionals evaluate sexual abuse prevention programs.     

A regression approach to evaluating instructional programs in science

This paper discussed a multiple linear regression approach to the evaluation of instructional strategies in science. A treatment by levels experimental design and the methods required for forming and solving research problems associated with it were described. Two methods of college biology instruction, the Audio-Tutorial and conventional techniques, were compared in terms of promoting achievement. Methods for making comparisons between the two treatments in the form of linear models were discussed. Interpreting regression solutions to linear models was also presented. The principles expressed in this paper can be applied to other research problems as an effective alternative to the two-way analysis of variance.     

The case for evaluating training programs with randomized trials

This brief paper presents the reasons why I have come to conclude that the evaluation of the economic benefits of training programs will be greatly enhanced by the use of classical experimental methods where control and experimental groups are selected by random assignment (randomized trials). A simple comparison of earnings between control and experimental groups subsequent to participation in the experimental program then provides a simple and credible estimate of program success (or failure). The principal reason why randomized trials should be used in this field is that too much of the non-experimental estimation of the effects of training programs seems dependent on elements of model specification that cannot he subjected to powerful statistical tests.     

On the outskirts of education: the liminal space of rural teen pregnancy

The historical context of teen pregnancy in the US and its evolution to the present embodiment of the predominantly urban ‘welfare mother’ developed from specific socio-historical contexts that deemed early childbirth, especially illegitimate pregnancies, as morally and socially deviant. Two conceptual elements missing within the literature on teen motherhood are the geographically diverse locations of teen pregnancy and motherhood and the spatial boundaries that arise in the institutional interface of pregnancy and schooling. Since the rural teen mother is rooted within a different social-geographical context than her urban counterpart it becomes essential to examine ways in which rural teen mothers navigate their educational opportunities. Likewise, the literature does not address the spatial boundaries pregnant and mothering teens face as they negotiate their relationship with schools. This study addresses both questions in its attempt to understand how pregnant and mothering teens in rural communities navigate their education and how they perceive themselves within the overall institutional setting of the school.     

一种异常处理策略的评测方法

针对程序中异常处理代码难以测试和维护、影响软件的健壮性和可靠性的问题,提出了一种评测程序中异常处理策略的方法.通过简化程序的控制流图,得到一种描述大型程序中异常处理结构的方法--异常传播图,并用实例验证了其有效性.根据程序的异常传播图,可以检测出程序中不可达的异常处理代码、找到控制异常传播的最佳位置、修正不合理的异常处理策略等.并给出了异常传播图的构造算法,为该方法实现自动化处理提供基础.     

Teaching and evaluating instructor effectiveness using the instructor effectiveness questionnaire and the instructor effectiveness check sheet combination

Abstract

This article describes the use of two linked instruments, the Instructor Effectiveness Check Sheet (IEC) and Instructor Effectiveness Questionnaire (IEQ). The use of an evaluation instrument during a course can enable improvements to be made — even with experienced instructors. Detail can be taken from the IEC and IEQ to find obvious and not so obvious needed changes and attention to individuals in the group. The article gives an example where the instruments were used to teach instructors about different pedagogical constructs, describes further research using the instruments at the Nantahala Outdoor Center, USA, and describes a case study on a wilderness education group that illustrated improvement in effective teaching.     

Teaching and evaluating instructor effectiveness using the instructor effectiveness questionnaire and the instructor effectiveness check sheet combination

This article describes the use of two linked instruments, the Instructor Effectiveness Check Sheet (IEC) and Instructor Effectiveness Questionnaire (IEQ). The use of an evaluation instrument during a course can enable improvements to be made — even with experienced instructors. Detail can be taken from the IEC and IEQ to find obvious and not so obvious needed changes and attention to individuals in the group. The article gives an example where the instruments were used to teach instructors about different pedagogical constructs, describes further research using the instruments at the Nantahala Outdoor Center, USA, and describes a case study on a wilderness education group that illustrated improvement in effective teaching.     

无线电通信设备的防雷措施

根据雷害入侵的各种途径,结合防雷的三道防线,即外部保护、内部保护和过电压保护,提出无线电通信设备防雷的各种可行性措施,并分析各种防雷措施的特点和实际应用过程中的注意事项。     

A participatory action research approach to developing youth-friendly strategies for the prevention of teenage pregnancy

Teenage pregnancy among school-going youth is a concern worldwide, but in socially–economically challenged environments it is a result of, and contributory factor to, a complex web of social injustice. In South Africa, most of the school-based prevention interventions to date have been adult-designed and imparted, with the voice of the target audience – the youth – being ignored. The purpose of this participatory action research study was to involve school-going youth in the research and development of prevention interventions, tailored to meet their perceived needs. This article focuses on the first cycle where 24 high school participants interrogated their own and their peers’ narratives about teenage pregnancy so as to determine a way forward. Findings indicate that, although the youth perceive parenthood while they are still studying to have a negative impact on their future life goals, the prevention messages mediated by educators and other adults do not take into consideration the needs and lifestyle of teenagers within their specific social context. The implications of the three themes which emerged from the thematic analysis of the interviews, open-ended questionnaires and visual data are discussed to provide guidelines for the design of more youth-friendly prevention education to inform the next cycle of the research. Since teenage pregnancy is a global problem, the findings of this study have international relevance.     

如何提高培训方案有效性的探索与思考

积极开展培训工作对企业获得竞争优势的重要性和必要性已获得广泛的共识和认同，企业也为此投入了巨大的人力，财力和时间。然而，大部分培训所带来的实际效果往往与原来的计划和期望相距甚远。