浅谈提高英语听说能力的有效途径

学习任何一种语言,其最终的目的都是运用此种语言进行交际,听说能力的培养就尤为重要。在听力训练中,要注重培养学生抓要点的能力,预测能力,认定各句之间逻辑关系的能力,抓特定细节的能力以及正确的听的习惯。在语言教学的过程中,教师应该有意识地为学生创造英语氛围,培养学生良好的听说习惯。坚持用英语组织教学,创造轻松课堂英语氛围,减轻学生焦虑情绪,鼓励学生自信。激发学生学习的兴趣,组织多样的课外活动,加强语言实践,把听说能力的提高与读写等各项能力的提高相结合,把课堂教学与听说实践相结合,在训练学生学习技巧的同时,还要注意学习兴趣、学习态度、学习习惯等非智力因素的培养与提高,坚持不懈,才能有效地提高学生的听说能力。     

加强口语训练 提高学生的语言能力

口语本身是一种技能 ,技能是靠反复训练培养的 ,在学习外语的过程中 ,口语训练是十分重要的 ,是关系到学生是否能学好外语的关键。一、从听说入手 ,培养学生练习口语的兴趣。从学习外语的客观规律来看 ,学习语言的自然顺序是从听到说 ,从理解口语到口头表达。在课堂上 ,先从听说入手 ,培养学生口语能力和学习俄语的兴趣。每一堂课教师都要加强语音、语调的训练 ,让学生多听、多说。教师多说就意味着学生多听。不要让学生有紧张的感觉 ,使学生感到仿佛置身于自然的交际情节之中 ,对学生听说行为 ,教师要肯定与表扬 ,他们会感到快乐和进步 ,对…     

以听促说 以说促听——刍议初中英语听说课教学策略

语言交际离不开准确地听和清楚地说。听和说是语言学习的两个重要方面。毫不例外地,英语学习也离不开听和说。听是输入,说是输出。听和说,两者彼此联系、相互促进、密不可分。因为听和说是相辅相成的,所以教师在教学过程中要将听说训练有机地结合起来,以听促说,以说促听。初中英语听说课就是把听力训练和说话训练巧妙结合起来的一种课型。上好初中英语听说课能够切实提升学生的听说能力。     

走进情境的听说训练

<正>语言活动是在一定的情境、一定的生活环境中进行的。语言活动需要相适应的语言环境。学生学习英语的主要困难,就在于语言环境的局限性。语言环境的局限性影响了学生的英语听说活动。脱离与语言相关的环境和情景,听说训练让学生倍感枯燥,很难激发学生参与的兴趣。而以生活为背景的情境性听说训练与学生的生活、经历、兴趣爱好密切结合,对学生有亲和力,有乐趣,能够提高听说训练的成效。一、创设亲近学生的生活情境英语学习和母语学习同样,语言的积累     

让英语课本中的诗歌“再生”

英语课程的学习,是学生通过英语学习和实践活动,逐步掌握英语知识和技能,提高语言实际运用能力的过程。牛津小学英语从视听入手,注重听说训练,内容更贴近学生的生活和学习实际,符合小学生心理特点,激发了学生学习英语的兴趣,利于学生在比较接近于实际的情景中进行听说训练。新课程理念也倡导要变“教教材”为“用教材”,以此呼唤教师们结合教学实际对教材进行创造性地使用。     

重视英语听说训练 培养初中生的英语综合能力

学习英语的过程就是学生在对英语语言的听、说、读、写运用过程中对英语语言的自然习得过程。教师要从听说训练着手,培养学生的英语语言综合能力。     

在小学口语交际教学中培养学生多种思维能力

在新课程改革的实施中,指导学生学习生活、认知发展、人格构建和培养良好思维能力是势在必行的。语文教师如何在口语交际教学中训练学生多种思维能力,在互动的语言实践中开展听说能力训练?本文从以下三个方面进行阐述:在实践操作中激发兴趣,培养学生灵感性思维能力;丰富形式多样优化教程训练学生创造性思维;关注个性差异训练学生批判性思维。     

优化英语口语教学 构建英语高效课堂

英语作为一门国际性语言,成了现代教学的重要任务,学习英语的真正目的就是为了日常的交流,因此,在英语中听说能力是非常重要的。在初中英语的教学中,应从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发,以培养学生的语言实践能力为主,对学生进行"听、说、读、写"相关训练。     

多途径培养低年级学生听说能力

听说训练是语文教学中的重要任务，是学生语言积累的重要途径。听说能力训练不能孤立进行．它要和语文阅读、写作教学的字、词、句、篇的教学结合进行．要贯穿语文教学的全过程，通过多种途径培养学生这一能力。     

低幼听障儿童语言训练内容的设计

正在低幼听障儿童语训中,只有孩子能长久地对学习语言保持兴趣,才能学好说话。针对低幼听障孩子语言训练的内容,全国各地出版了形式多样的语训教材,但至今没有一套教材可以完全满足师生的需求,所以语训教师常常在参照不同版本的教材教学的同时,还要结合听障孩子的特点自行设计一些替换性、补充性的内容,要求补充内容与教材相辅相承,形成比较系统的适合本地听障孩子的语言训练内容体系。这些内容的制定当然不是随意的,而是要根据听障孩子的认知特点和环境地域不同遵循一定的原则,最终的目的是为了激发他们学习语言的兴趣,让听障孩子更有效地进行听力语言训练,尽早学会说话,回归主流社会。     

Depth of reading vocabulary in hearing and hearing-impaired children

The main point of our study was to examine the vocabulary knowledge of pupils in grades 3–6, and in particular the relative reading vocabulary disadvantage of hearing-impaired pupils. The achievements of 394 pupils with normal hearing and 106 pupils with a hearing impairment were examined on two vocabulary assessment tasks: a lexical decision task and a use decision task. The target words in both tasks represent the vocabulary children should have at the end of primary school. The results showed that most hearing pupils reached this norm, whereas most hearing-impaired pupils did not. In addition, results showed that hearing-impaired pupils not only knew fewer words, but that they also knew them less well. This lack of deeper knowledge remained even when matching hearing and hearing-impaired children on minimal word knowledge. Additionally, comparison of the two tasks demonstrated the efficacy of the lexical decision task as a measure of lexical semantic knowledge.     

学生听力认识调查和耳语测试报告

听力是一项重要的生理指标。听力检查是发现听力问题的一种重要手段。我们对４０８名小学生进行了听力认识问卷调查及耳语测试。结果显示：９５．８％的学生从未做过听力检查;１６．８％的学生自觉有听力问题;１１．０％的学生耳语测查异常;１１．６％的学生对听力检查抱着无所谓的态度;甚至有６．７％的学生不愿意听力检查。警示：家长、学校、社会应关注儿童的听力状况     

Hearing impaired children in primary schools in Finland

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to present basic data on hearing impaired pupils in primary schools in Finland in 1982‐83. The purpose of the survey was to provide an information base for the development of hearing services and teaching in primary schools. Earlier studies have mainly focused on the screening of moderate and severe cases of hearing impairment. The present study includes also cases of mild (20‐30 dB) hearing impairment, the criterion, however, being that hearing impairment in the better ear is > 20 dB in at least one of the three speech frequencies (500‐1000‐2000 hz).     

聋生看话能力的调查

看话是聋生特有的一种技能和交际方式，对聋生的学习和生活有十分重要的意义。笔者认为，应该加强对聋生看话能力的评价和训练。通过对聋校学生看话能力的调查发现：我国聋生看话的准确率与国外聋生的相近；聋生的年龄、听力状况、句子的类型与长短以及词语的口形等因素与看话的准确性有紧密的联系。我国聋校目前的看话教学有必要做系统的改进。     

Consensus on early identification of hearing loss?

The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Early Identification of Hearing Impairment was convened to address the advantages of early identification of hearing impairment and the consequences of late identification of hearing impairment, the issue of which children should be screened for hearing impairment and when, the advantages and disadvantages of current screening methods, the question of which model for hearing screening and follow-up is preferred, and future directions for research in diagnosis and management of hearing impairment in infants and young children. Among their findings, the panel concluded that (1) all infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit be screened for hearing loss prior to discharge, (2) universal screening be implemented for all infants within the first 3 months of life, (3) the preferred model for screening should begin with an evoked otoacoustic emissions test and should he followed by an auditory brainstem response test for all infants who fail the evoked otoacoustic emissions test, (4) comprehensive intervention and management programs must be an integral part of a universal screening program, (5) universal neonatal screening should not be a replacement for ongoing surveillance throughout infancy and early childhood, and (6) education of primary caregivers and primary health care providers on the early signs of hearing impairment is essential.     

美国听觉障碍者阅读研究热点问题回顾

阅读研究是听觉障碍者心理研究的热点 ,是研究者们关注的重要问题。本文对一百年来听觉障碍者阅读发展水平、阅读能力、语法在阅读中的作用等热点问题的研究结论进行了简要回顾。可以预见以适当的标准和方法 ,评估听觉障碍者的阅读水平 ,提高其阅读能力是非常可能的 ,对听觉障碍者的发展也是非常现实的。     

Learning for Everyday Life: Pupils’ conceptions of hearing and knowledge about tinnitus from a teaching–learning sequence

As a result of young people frequently exposing themselves to loud sounds, researchers are advocating education about the risks of contracting tinnitus. However, how pupils conceive of and learn about the biological aspects of hearing has not been extensively investigated. Consequently, the aim of the present study is to explore pupils’ learning about hearing and tinnitus. Pupils in Grades 4, 7, and 8 (aged 10–11, n = 48; aged 12–13, n = 71; aged 13–14, n = 80) were studied. The pupils’ learning was evaluated in connection with a teaching intervention based on a teaching–learning sequence (TLS) about sound, hearing, and health. In pre‐, post‐, and delayed post‐tests, pupils were asked to use drawing and writing to express their answer to the question: ‘What happens to a sound that has reached your ear?’ A questionnaire concerning tinnitus, experiences of tinnitus, and listening behaviour was also given. The results show that the pupils’ knowledge of hearing and tinnitus had increased as a result of the intervention and that this knowledge was well retained one year later. The pupils in Grade 4 learned just as much as the older pupils, although it was more difficult for them to understand cell structures and causal chains. To conclude, pupils are capable of learning about hearing and tinnitus already at the age of 10–11. Knowledge of hearing and tinnitus may be an important prerequisite for conceptualizing the risk of being exposed to loud sounds.     

Glue ear – a common but complicated childhood condition

The changes in the Special Educational Needs and Disability Code of Practice extends the provision for those people aged 0–25 years and focuses more on disabilities, such as hearing difficulties. There is a particular focus on anticipating needs rather than waiting for ‘special educational’ needs to develop. This paper considers the implications of these changes for educators in providing appropriate support for young people with glue ear. This common condition affects about 80% of children under 7 years of age when they are developing their social and language skills and can result in permanent hearing impairment. This paper draws upon research which adapted and combined the methodologies of Photovoice and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to encourage a small sample of young people, and their mothers, to reflect upon their experience of chronic glue ear. The participants in this research explained that there were few adaptations made in the classroom to help minimise the impact of their hearing loss. Educational professionals appear to have a low awareness about the social, behavioural and cognitive effects of the condition on pupils. This may indicate that they would benefit from training in the potential impacts of it for their pupils.     

Inferencing skills of adolescent readers who are hearing impaired

Two experiments examined the inferencing abilities of a group of adolescents who were hearing impaired compared with a group of hearing children matched approximately for chronological age. The first experiment used on‐line methods and suggests that pupils who are hearing impaired are less efficient at drawing inferences. When they do so correctly, they draw inferences automatically as the text is encountered in a similar manner to the hearing pupils. In the second experiment, the same material was presented to the hearing‐impaired adolescents in British Sign Language. However, from the results obtained, it is not possible to comment on how the information is processed when it is presented manually, and suggestions are made on ways this might be further investigated. It is suggested that the difficulties encountered by the students who are hearing impaired, when reading implicit material, reflect the relative impoverishment of their experiential backgrounds.     

The Concept of Inclusive Education: Teacher Training and Acquisition of English Language in the Hearing Impaired

Three languages are widely used in schools in Kenya – English, Kiswahili and Kenya Sign Language. Many pupils with hearing impairments are taught separately from the mainstream, in specialist settings. The fact that most of the formal teaching, assessment and examination processes in Kenyan schools rely upon spoken and written English compounds the separation of these pupils from the mainstream of education and, potentially, from the mainstream of society. In this article, Gertrude Wamae, graduate assistant in the Department of English and Linguistics at Kenyatta University, and Rachael Kang'ethe-Kamau, lecturer in the Department of Special Education at Kenyatta University, discuss the relationships between language, hearing impairment and inclusion in the Kenyan context. The article suggests that the use of signed exact English would enhance opportunities for inclusion for those with hearing impairments and that programmes of teacher training need to take account of persuasive research in this area. The article closes with a plea for further research, carried out collaboratively by educationalists, linguists, teacher trainers and practitioners, to develop policies and practices suited to more inclusive futures. The article is based on a paper presented to the International Conference on Inclusive Education run by Maseno University in September 2002.