对话理念对音乐学科教学的渗透研究

对话作为人类发展的重要交流沟通方式,其目的是通过对话重构人们自己与他人以及与世界之间的种种交流、表达与关联。对话理念可在音乐学科课堂教学中渗透运用,应引起广大音乐教育工作者的关注。     

从“网络”看社会——以社会结构、组织方式、人际关系角度切入

网络一词风行于目前社会,既有形容新社会形态的“网络社会（Network Society）”,也有形容基于互联网而架构的计算机“网络社会（Cyber Society）”,还有形容公司机构之间的组织合作方式的“网络”以及社会学中早已存在的关于社会结构的“社会网络”理论.然而,涉及网络技术对现实社会关系影响的论述却还是少数,本文将从社会结构、组织方式、人际关系三方面梳理关于“网络”的概念,尝试找出各种“网络”话语中的共同点,最后结合当前互联网的发展描述“网络”为人们带来的变化及新传播技术在全球传播时代对社会的影响.     

Social relations as predictors of achievement in math in Kenyan primary schools

In sub-Saharan Africa, where there is limited financial and human capital, it is important to examine how social relationships may serve to promote or undermine human capital formation. However, little is known about the contributions of social relations to human capital development, especially in terms of academic achievement in Africa. This study examined how variations in key aspects of social relations among teachers; between teachers and students; between principals, teachers, parents and students affect achievement in mathematics among sixth graders in 70 schools in six districts in Kenya. We modeled mathematics achievement as a function of measures of social perception and support while adjusting for school-, classroom- and student level background characteristics. We found that net of teacher subject knowledge and background characteristics, teachers who display commitment to teaching by always correcting homework and keeping students engaged during math lessons had their students performing better. Teacher absenteeism and lack of interest in teaching were negatively associated with performance in math. Lack of parental involvement in the classroom also had negative effects on grades. At the school level, the level of engagement of the principal, measured by supervision of teachers and good interpersonal interactions with parents had positive effects on math achievement. Schools where parents provided material and financial support had better grades, while student delinquency and absenteeism negatively affected grades.     

美学视野下的语文教育主体略论

语文教育要塑造“求真”、“向善”、“崇美”的创造性的人才和“健全的人格”,并有效进入“人的发展和完整性建构”的全新境域,就必须而且应当注重美学视野下的语文教育主体的研究.语文教育主体是指施教者与受教者在语文活动中应建立的复杂的交互关系.它是人际关系中重要的一类,既是一种发展、变化、动态的关系,又是一种平等、民主、合作的关系.语文教育主体的施教者要做课堂学习的对话者、个性发展的激励者、立身行事的引导者;语文教育主体的受教者要激活封存的记忆、开启幽闭的心智、放飞囚禁的情愫;语文教育主体的施教者与受教者间互为条件、相互变化、相互依存.在语文教育中施教者素质的提高和受教者潜能的开发以及施教者与受教者间的互动都是非常重要的.     

IDEALS, EDUCATION, AND HAPPY FLOURISHING

A bstract .  In this essay, Doret J. de Ruyter defends the claim that parents as well as professional educators need to impart ideals to children in order to realize their wish that children become happy and flourishing adults. The argument consists of two parts. First, de Ruyter shows how ideals are important to construing the meaning of objective goods. Second, she contends that educating children with ideals is important to motivating them to strive for something higher or better. De Ruyter's analysis rests on two key concepts: "ideals," which refer to things one believes to be superb, excellent, or perfect, but that are as yet unrealized, and "happy flourishing," which describes the fulfillment of objectively identifiable generic goods and the person's satisfactory meaningful interpretation of these goods.     

Personal experience as a guide to teaching

In this paper, the authors analyze their experiences in using storytelling about teaching to prepare second-career teacher candidates. Cases of two program participants are developed to show how personal experiences, rather than multicultural program ideals, became instantiated as guides for teaching practice. The authors show how prospective teachers developed a speech community in which they clarified their individual paths to school success and attempted to transport these understandings to instructing students of color who were struggling in school. For analyses, the authors draw on ideas about how people work in differing social groups with particular discourses that support group cohesiveness and ideals. Implications for teacher education using narrative as a vehicle for critical reflection are presented.     

当代大学生人际交往的特点及存在的心理障碍解析

在以竞争和合作为重要特征之一的现代社会,当代大学生人际交往质量及形成的人际关系直接影响其在校期间的学习、生活、身心健康乃至未来的发展。解析当代大学生在人际交往方面表现出的特点,探究影响其人际关系建立和发展的心理障碍,对于寻找有效对策,提高其人际交往质量具有积极意义。     

Success in Science or Engineering

This study tests several hypotheses concerning the effects that family structure has on an individual's personality development and its influence on his success in a science or engineering curriculum. One of the principal ideas tested is that success in college in science or engineering requires that the student develop strong feelings of independence and consequently be free from over-concern with interpersonal relations. Data were gathered on sixty undergraduates at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Two groups of thirty students each were selected: one a "successful" group and the other an "unsuccessful" group. Success and lack of success were defined in terms of academic performance. In general, the successful students come from homes in which the power structure and the roles of the parents are more clearly defined, thus allowing these boys to have a stronger identification with their fathers. The successful students are also found to be less concerned with interpersonal relations. The low achievers showed a stronger preference to work with people than did the high achievers. To explore further the origins of concern with interpersonal relations, two deviate subgroups, one from each sample, were studied in depth: the high achievers who preferred to work with people, and the low achievers who preferred not to work with people.     

当代中国社会人际关系论析——基于社会交换理论的思考

当代中国社会人际关系集中体现在：功利化人际关系淡化了人的感情;“人情”与“面子”仍维系人际关系;平等关系日益受重视;信任合作关系成为人际交往的策略;契约化人际关系挑战伦常关系等几方面;从社会交换理论来论析以上几种社会人际关系,并提出构建和谐的社会人际关系。     

Teaching as a Dynamic Phenomenon with Interpersonal Interactions

People tend to assimilate toward each other. Importantly, assimilations occur both explicitly and implicitly at various levels, ranging from low‐level sensory‐motor coordination to high‐level conceptual mimicry. Teaching is often confused with simply one means of enhancing learning. However, as we shall see in the other articles in this issue, teaching is a dynamic phenomenon where interpersonal interactions occur explicitly and implicitly at multiple levels. Bonding through coordinated interpersonal interactions occupies a substantial portion of teaching. In this article, I would like to introduce two interpersonal phenomena that exemplify implicit interactions and discuss their relations to the new realization of teaching.     

‘They won't take you as a man,as a real man’ why men can't teach young children in foundation phase

This article focuses on how male and female primary school teachers’ account of the suitability of male teachers in early years or Foundation Phase (FP) of schooling. We draw from an in-depth qualitative interview-based study to examine how ideals around hegemonic masculinity have effects for the characterization of FP within traditional feminine qualities such as nurturing and caring for children. These qualities contrasted with hegemonic masculinity and fuelled the disassociation between men and teaching young children. We found that whilst men had the responsibility to provide financially for children, their involvement in childcare duties was linked to low-status work gendering the construction of carework as women’s work. The shame and embarrassment associated with teaching young children were an important mechanism to police and regulate hegemonic masculinity. Analysing how male and female primary school teachers construct hegemonic forms of masculinity provides insights into the reproduction of FP as a feminised profession as well as the construction and maintenance of counter feminist masculine ideals. Addressing forms of masculinity that are premised on male domination is vital in South Africa, especially as the need to alter masculinities and deepen gender equality has barely touched this phase of schooling.     

Special Equipment in Teaching the Gifted

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine how attitudes toward the occupational values of teaching motivate prospective teachers.

By examining the reasons or motives in various studies in the United States, England, and Japan, the three facets ("Job-Person Interaction", "Aspect of Job", and "Time") were set up. According to these facets, 26 items about the occupational values of teaching were designed. From them, 26 pairs of questions were drawn up; the first question centers on attitudes toward the occupational values of teaching, and the second on influences of the attitudes upon the desire to become a teacher.

All favorable (or unfavorable) attitudes toward any values of teaching did not always motivate positively (or negatively) the prospective teachers. But favorable attitudes toward the economic, interpersonal, and ethical values of teaching motivated the persons positively to become teachers.

It can be concluded that the motivation for becoming a teacher is the resultant of two vectors; the individual's attitudes toward the occupational values of teaching and his self-concepts of his needs for becoming a teacher.     

高校贫困生心理障碍及宿舍人际关系的改善

随着社会环境的迅速变化,贫困大学生面临的压力越来越大,其心理困境和人际交往障碍也日益凸显。宿舍是大学生人际关系的直接参与场所,是一扇为我们探视学生如何与他人交往的窗户。本文通过研究贫困大学生心理障碍及其宿舍人际关系状况,提出帮助贫困大学生克服不良心理障碍的影响及改善宿舍人际关系的有效措施,促进贫困大学生身心健康发展。     

A Sociological Analysis of Teaching

Teaching is an activity shared by teachers and students; that is, it is an activity in which teachers, in order to realize the goals of education, instruct students in studying. The mutual influence involved is a kind of social interaction. When educators used to talk about the sociological foundations of "teaching," they stressed only the importance of the educational goal of "collectivism" or explored how best to enhance results, from the angle of the teaching process and teacher-student relations, by using "methods of socialization." Most discussions were based on normative study, not analysis of educational theory. Development of the sociology of education in the past decade or more has begun to emphasize "micro" research and employ sociological perspectives and methods to study teaching and the teacher-student relationship. Not only has its contents and concepts become more substantive, the theoretical framework has also become more complete. This article attempts to analyze classroom teaching and the teacherstudent relationship, primarily the sociological foundation of the latter. Second, it will analyze, from the point of view of the social system, classroom teaching activity. Finally, it will conclude with possible approaches to the "sociology of teaching ."     

What is a ‘good’ principal? Perspectives of aspiring principals in Singapore

This paper presents the findings of an exploratory research project that examines what aspiring principals in Singapore think a good principal is, based on a framework of personal, interpersonal, and organizational dimensions of school leadership. According to the findings, a good principal has a moral purpose centered on personal values, a humble disposition, and exudes wisdom. He or she exhibits excellent relational skills, engages in people development, and develops trust among staff. He or she also develops a positive school culture for teaching and learning, builds fruitful relationships with stakeholders, and manages complex issues competently. The findings also suggest that the idea of a good principal is more about who the person is and what he or she stands for, rather than what he or she is capable of. Moreover, while Singapore principals are capable of making hard-nosed decisions and delivering results, they are actually motivated by the ideals of education. This study offers some empirical evidence of the attributes of a ‘good’ principal in the Singapore context.     

当代大学生人际关系初探

社会的进步与变革使得人际关系在社会生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文从大学生自身特点及学校、家庭、社会等因素分析大学生人际关系现状,并提出了关于帮助大学生建立良好人际关系的几点策略和思考。     

遵循人际交往原则提高讲授效果

主体性教育背景下,师生关系是一种人际关系,师生交往遵循民主平等的人际交往原则。听、思、说,是我们做人的基本标志和基本权利,讲授法中民主平等地对待学生,就是要尊重和实现学生相应的权利,辨证统一地处理讲—听关系,这能根治“一言堂“或”填充式“,从而使讲授法焕发出新的教学生命力。     

Variables Distinguishing between Effective and Ineffective Writers in the Tenth Grade

The problem was to determine the relationship between industrial arts supervisors’ judgments of teacher effectiveness and their judgments of teacher competency on the dimensions of interpersonal relations, teaching techniques, and technical proficiency. A device was developed to obtain the supervisors’ perceptions of their most and least effective teachers. The data obtained were used to determine the relationship of the judgments of effectiveness to scores on the dimensions. Analysis of variance and Scheffe’ S-method were used to analyze the data. The conclusions were: teachers are judged more competent in technical proficiency; the least effective teacher has greater deficiencies in interpersonal relations and teaching techniques; and the teaching techniques dimension differentiates, to the greatest degree, the most from the least effective teacher.     

高职大学生应对方式、人格特征与人际信任的相关研究

在诸多影响人际信任的因素中 ,考察应对方式、人格特征与人际信任的关系 ,不仅对于改善高职大学生的人格状况、提高其应对策略、增强其人际交往技巧具有十分重要的意义 ,而且可以为高校的教育教学工作提供干预依据。     

Non‐Verbal Communication,Self‐esteem and Interpersonal Relations of LD and Non‐LD Students

Accurate perception and comprehension of verbal and non‐verbal communication is important in one's interpersonal environment; such understanding may affect not only the child's academic achievement but how he/she relates to and is perceived by others. In the present study learning disabled (LD) and non‐learning disabled (NLD) middle school students were evaluated on their ability to perceive and accurately comprehend non‐verbal communication; they also responded to an interpersonal relations scale and a self‐esteem inventory. LD children differed from regular class students both in reported self‐esteem and in the ability to perceive and comprehend “wordless” communication, but similarities were noted between the two groups in reported need for interpersonal relations.