Paradigm revisited: Another look at the physical and social sciences

The study reexamines the paradigm concept as presented by Lodahl and Gordon with respect to the concept of consistency in professional life. The results show that high paradigm disciplines are more consistent than low paradigm disciplines on selected measures of educational background and professional activity. The conclusions of this investigation suggest first that the paradigm concept works well by itself in researching academic professions, and second that the concept of consistency offers a new way of both classifying faculty and exploring the dimensions of faculty characteristics.     

Implications of Biglan model research for the process of faculty advancement

The Biglan model is a three dimensional classification scheme wherein 35 academic subject areas are categorized into one of eight categories: soft-nonlife-pure; soft-life-pure; soft-nonlife-applied; soft-life-applied; hard-life-applied; hard-life-pure; hard-nonlife-pure; or hard-nonlife-applied. A basic assumption of the Biglan model research is that the types of faculty productivity differ in accord with academic subject areas. Though research studies report the importance of recognizing performance differences among faculty in different disciplines and subject areas during the faculty evaluation process, they do not present means by which this knowledge can be applied. This study discusses the practical implications of Biglan model research and the importance of university-level administrators recognizing differences in faculty productivity whenever faculty credentials are reviewed for advancement. This study also examines Biglan's original research and his model, as well as the major studies conducted to test the model. Also, the model is presented and explained as a conceptual framework for assisting administrators in the faculty evaluation process. Lastly, the reasons for employing subject area standards, as opposed to university-wide or single discipline standards, are argued.     

大学教师评价的制度同形:现状、根源及其消解——基于新制度主义的分析视角

大学教师评价制度是对大学教师学术活动及相关工作的一种价值判断体系,多元化是其良性运行的合理基础。目前大学教师评价的制度同形削弱了评价的激励作用,也损害了大学社会功能的发挥。因此,需建立差异化的大学分类评估制度,引导大学合理定位;实行分权治理,调整集中型的教育资源配置方式;改变评价的单向性,使大学教师评价制度由垄断走向共建。     

教师在高校管理中的角色定位

探究真理是大学的使命,大学教师需要学术自由,大学自治是学术自由的制度保障,教师因此获得管理大学的权利。教师的管理权范围涉及大学的所有事务,考量管理效率、教师以学术为中心、教师对高校管理作用的发挥这三种因素,应该在大学内建立教师和行政人员分工协作的管理体制。建立相关委员会,教师通过参与委员会行使管理大学的职能,委员会具有政策制定权,学校行政部门行使执行权。应该加强制度建设,落实教师的管理权。     

Biglan's dimensions: Are the perceptions empirically based?

The clusters of disciplines originally developed by Biglan have been useful guides in classifying or categorizing academic departments. Questions remain, however, as to the validity of the Biglan clusters among a wide range of colleges and universities.This study provides evidence which supports the validity of the Biglan categories by showing how faculty salaries and instructional staffing patterns differ among departments along the dimensions described by Biglan.     

从学术到市场:高等教育机构分类的价值取向

市场力量带来的高等教育系统的多样化导致了高等教育机构分类的出现。目前国内外已有的高等教育机构分类方法和标准以学术性为主要取向，不能充分反映市场力量对高等教育系统的影响，不利于人们正确认识高等教育的属性。高等教育发展过程中政府、市场和学术力量之间错综复杂的关系以及由此给高等教育机构分类带来的影响，是导致高等教育机构分类问题成为世界难题的根本原因。高等教育的协调发展是政府、市场及学术三种力量平衡的结果，一个好的高等教育机构分类标准，不仅要体现高等教育的本质属性，还应该促进高等教育的协调发展。     

论大学教师的教学责任

随着大学功能的扩展,大学教师的责任出现多元化趋势。由于重科研、轻教学的制度与政策导向,大学教师作为研究者的责任不断强化的同时,教学失责问题也不断凸显。实践证明,通过扩展学术的内涵、推动教学学术运动是大学化解教学与科研冲突的有效途径。我国大学教师失责问题是多种因素影响的结果,当务之急是要通过改善大学发展环境、改革教师评价制度、建立有效的管理体制等方面的制度创新来提升大学教师的教学责任。     

Disentangling Mathematics Target and Access Skills: Implications for Accommodation Assignment Practices

Appropriate assignment of accommodations is predicated on a clear distinction between target skills and access skills. In this study, we examine the agreement between test developer/researchers’ and educators’ classification of target and access skills as a possible explanatory mechanism for assigning accommodations. Findings indicate that participants with expertise in mathematics education had the highest agreement when classifying target skills, as evidenced by a higher overall sensitivity value and the greatest number of items with the highest sensitivity value. Conversely, special education faculty members had the highest overall agreement when classifying access skills, as evidenced by a higher overall specificity value. Mathematicians, however, had the highest sensitivity values for the greatest number of items. Implications for accommodation assignment practices are discussed.     

中国式“教授治校”和“教授治学”的理论分歧与制度耦合

大学内部治理模式中,“教授治校”和“教授治学”在历史渊源、内涵界定、权力侧重以及价值诉求等方面都存在差异,既呈现理论上的分野,也有着制度上的耦合。实现“教授治校”与“教授治学”的制度耦合,是当代中国大学内部治理改革的基本逻辑和必然发展,也是立足国情、化繁为简、平复争议的有效路径和可行方案。在“治校”和“治学”制度耦合的整体设计上,不但要保持两种模式灵活转化的张力,也要在维护教授权力的基础上避免行政化管理惯性,促进学术的民主与自由。在“治校”和“治学”制度耦合的路径策略上,可以从完善行政管理体制和改革学术管理组织出发,整合学校教授群体的资源,构筑教授权力的实现平台,建立教授主体参与的保障机制,以增强教授治校和教授治学制度耦合的可行性与有效性。     

高校教师聘任制中的若干关系

高校教师聘任制涉及社会生活、社会文化的方方面面,牵一发而动全身,必须认识和处理好其中的若干关系。制度约束行为,思想规导制度,首先要厘清规导教师聘任制的相关理念。实施教师聘任制具有学术和效率双重目标,但学术目标是大学坚守的生命线,效率目标应为学术目标服务。由于学术职业的特殊要求,教师聘任制中要形成甄选机制,以达到优化的目的。在聘任制过程中应处理好应然和实然的关系,逐步从实然达到应然。     

论文化的分类及其他

目前国内学界流行把中国文化三分为官方主流文化、民间大众文化和学界精英文 化,这种分类法在概念与逻辑上均有不完善之处,因为它同时包容了两种分类标准,易于造成混乱,因而不宜采纳。同时民间文化与大众文化这两个概念在讨论中也应该有所区分。     

A Culture of Teaching: Policy, Perception, and Practice in Higher Education

In an effort to identify policies that foster an institutional “culture of teaching,” or encourage use of effective pedagogies, this study uses data from 5,612 faculty members at 45 institutions to examine connections between institutional policies and faculty members’ perceptions and practices related to teaching and learning. A series of multi-level models suggests that academic policy variables have small and generally insignificant relationships to such faculty perceptions or practices. Instead, conventional institutional characteristics, such as selectivity and Carnegie classification, appear to be more influential factors.     

美国大学教授协会(AAUP)与终身教职

本文介绍了终身教职的基本内容，美国大学教授协会(AAUP)对学术自由和终身教职原则的确立与捍卫，对教师获得终身教职后评估的政策调整等。并且指出，虽然对于终身教职的改革势在必行，但AAUP倡导的“重教师发展而非教师责任”、“教师与学校管理者通力协作”等原则是值得借鉴的。     

学术活动的反思与大学制度的重建

现行大学制度的功利导向、行政泛化,是导致学者"以学术为生"并使其异化的诱因。大学制度的重建首先是价值的重构。大学只有从自身的学术使命出发,确立对学术本体的追求,才能完善教师管理制度,引导教师逐渐达到"以学术为业"的境界,实现"为大学"和"为教师"的双赢。     

国内高水平大学学部制改革的现状与建议——基于23所“985工程”大学的考察

中国大学推行学部制改革的原因比较复杂。国内目前有23所"985工程"大学实行学部制改革,但在创建模式、改革步骤、功能定位、实施范围与数量等方面存在差异。学部制改革对学科建设的推动作用比较明显,但也存在功能定位模糊、权责比例失衡、管理人员"两栖化"、制度保障不健全等问题。未来要加大学部改革力度,将学部定位于"加强版的学术管理枢纽";明确大学、学部和学院的权责分工;实行真正意义的教授治学;加强学部制改革生态化的顶层设计与逻辑多元化的制度保障。     

关于“教授治校”与“教授治学”的再思考——与赵蒙成教授商榷

高校到底应该教授治校还是教授治学,现实中存在颇多论争。事实上,教授治学是教授本质内涵的合理延伸,教授治校超越了教授的本质规定;"教授治校"是特殊历史条件的产物,现实中不宜机械照搬。教育家治校、教授委员会治学、行政管理者精于治事,是我国高校有效建立教授治学制度的内部条件,同时,还需要政府简政放权,为教授治学创造适宜的外部条件。     

基于学部制改革的省属本科院校管理体制研究——以辽宁石油化工大学为例

为了促进学科交叉融合、提高科技创新能力、改变行政权力主导学术事务的现状、实现行政权力与学术权力的相对分离,继国内多所重点大学实施学部制改革之后,部分省属本科院校也陆续开展了学部制改革。实行学部制改革,是省属本科院校内部管理体制改革的重要探索,是对现代大学制度的重要创新,具有相当的优势,也存有一定问题。以国内省属本科院校中较早开展学部制改革的辽宁石油化工大学为例,对其学部的运行模式及管理体制进行认真研究,可以为省属本科院校的内部管理体制改革提供借鉴。     

Who governs? Academic decision-making in US four-year colleges and universities, 2000–2012

This study compares the explanatory power of two models of academic governance: dual and managerial control. The research is based on characterizations by chief academic officers of the primary decision-makers involved in 13 types of recurrent academic decisions. We examine change between responses to surveys fielded to US four-year colleges and universities in 2000 and 2012. We find limited support for the dual control and the managerial control models in both years. As an alternative to the two dominant conceptual models, we develop an empirically grounded classification based on multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. In each year we find high faculty participation and management-dominant clusters. The other identified clusters do not map well onto either of the two dominant conceptual models. Given these results, we argue that configurational analysis should be used as a supplement to future studies monitoring the incidence of dual and managerial control in academic governance.     

Assessment and the fear of punishment: how the protection of anonymity positively influenced the design and outcomes of postsecondary assessment

This study examines how a state system of higher education, located in the Rocky Mountains area of the United States, allowed faculty members from the state's public institutions of higher education to control the design and implementation of a pilot assessment of statewide general education courses. One of the primary reasons faculty were allowed to control the assessment process was to assuage the commonly held fear by faculty, academic departments, and institutions that they could be punished for the poor assessment results of their students who took the pilot assessment. An important conclusion of this study is that the promise of anonymity, given by the state board of regents (and tacitly by the legislature) to individual faculty members, academic departments, and institutions, was essential to the success of the assessment process.     

论大学教师聘任制改革中的科学管理

以聘任制为核心的高校人事制度改革对学校管理提出了新的要求,只有实行科学管理,才能逐步建立促进学术职业和高校共同发展的新的人事管理制度。在聘任制改革中,加强共享决策与参与管理,协调学术权力与行政权力,完善相关的规章制度,同时,进一步完善人事管理部门的职能,是改革实施成效的重要保障。