治理视角下的大学制度研究

现代大学的目标是传承知识、创造知识与服务社会,但这个目标不是自动实现的,需要一系列制度安排来实施,这种制度安排就是大学治理。它包含内部治理和外部治理两个方面,除正式制度安排外,文化在大学治理中也发挥着重要作用。     

Distance learning and interaction: Toward a virtual learning institution

This paper considers distance learning at all levels, learning that can occur anywhere. Most education today in schools, universities, and companies is dependent on students being at a particular location, such as a university. The major distance learning institutions today are in Europe, but the potential for this type of learning is great as we reach out to serve greater numbers of students. The following factors are critical in forming a distance learning institute today: the quality of learning provided to each student; whether courses work for very large numbers of students; and the cost per student hour, for both development and delivery. Many delivery technologies are possible today. We examine them from the standpoint of these factors. The conclusion is that highly interactive multimedia learning units, either CD ROMs or (in the near future) broadband networks, provide the best delivery system today for distance learning. The paper concludes with a brief review of strategies for developing the curriculum units needed to support distance learning.     

大学高层次人才流动乱象及其治理——基于政府规制与市场设计理论的探析

大学高层次人才流动中的乱象根源于缺乏有效的政府规制和市场设计。晋升锦标赛制下的激励扭曲使地方政府的人才工作在"层层加码"的"行政发包"中引发市场拥堵;大学在"委托-代理"中的机会主义使高层次人才成为一种符码化的存在;高层次人才的威权再造衍生出"超常规"的定价机制;制度不完善下的市场失灵与市场功能缺陷引发的市场失灵交织互动勾勒出"双重失灵"的图景。为此,我们需要认清大学高层次人才市场的配对属性,制定针对地方政府利益寻租行为的约束性政策,通过补偿正义达至公平的价值追求,健全流动信息匹配机制,遏制畸形价格机制的消极影响,推动高层次人才流动规范的立法。     

Toward integration of reading and service learning through an interdisciplinary program

This study examined the effect of an interdisciplinary program of reading and service learning on the cognitive and affective development of university students in Hong Kong. As Nussbaum (1997) stated, literature plays a vital role in educating citizens of the world through its narrative imagination and its power of promoting understanding and empathy toward the life of others. Halstead and Pike (2006) also emphasized that art can foster reflection upon action and bring about change in behavior as a result of perspective change. In this study, 24 freshmen read literary works under the theme of children??s welfare and explored issues related to the welfare of children worldwide. Their reflections on these materials were expressed in writing and in a presentation. In the following semester, the students participated in voluntary services within and outside Hong Kong. All students completed a questionnaire on their humanistic concerns and sense of global citizenship at the beginning and the end of the project. Results showed that students were conscious of their changes after joining the program and stated their growth in values and knowledge. The pre?Cpost-t-test analysis suggested that students had made significant improvement in the following areas: (1) their attitude toward serving others, especially in their personal and social values; (2) their engagement in reading literary and nonfiction works which reflect social and moral issues of the world; (3) their attention to world affairs; (4) their concern for the underprivileged; and (5) awareness of their potential in helping the poor.     

The primary school as an institution: Analysis and implications

The aim of this paper is to offer a view of the primary school as an institution with structural properties comparable to institutions in general. Five studies will provide the basis from which such a view is developed, those by Sorokin, (1938), Perrow, (1965), Schon (1970), Taylor, et al (1974) and Collins and Porras, (1998). The common thread running through these studies focuses on three properties — core purpose, technology and task or social group — necessary to the effective functioning of an institution which are incidentally the multiple and overlapping, contexts of teaching.     

The escalation and maintenance of child abuse: A cybernetic model

A cybernetic model of child abuse is presented as a contribution to the theoretical literature on child abuse. The child's role in his or her own abuse is stressed; interaction between caretaker and child is emphasized. While the origins of abuse are discussed, the focus of the paper is on the maintenance and escalation of the pattern of abusive interaction. The author proposes to explain this pattern-maintenance through the application of Gregory Bateson's concept of schismogenesis, or regenerative feedback, a concept derived from cybernetics and family systems theory. Suggestions for intervention in this process are discussed in the conclusion.     

Toward a typology of integration: Examining the documents model framework

Drawing on the Documents Model Framework, in two studies we investigate the types of multiple text models (e.g., mush model, separate representations model, documents model) reflected in students’ written responses, composed based on multiple texts. In among the first studies to holistically code written responses for the type of multiple text models they reflect, we find evidence for all of the multiple text representations specified in the Documents Model. We further examine the types of integration, or cross-textual connections, featured in students’ responses, including evidentiary (i.e., corroborating evidence), thematic (i.e., comparing main ideas across texts), and contextual (i.e., comparing meta-textual information, like author expertise) connections. Finally, we associate the types of multiple text models reflected in students’ written responses with various measures of integration, including the number of discourse connectives and citations included and self-reports of strategy use (Study 1), as well as with integrative utterances reported during a cued think-aloud (Study 2).     

本科生导师制:高校教书育人的制度创新

本科生导师制是近年来高等学校正在探索实践的一项新的学生教育管理制度。本科生导师制的实施,有利于充分发挥教师作为高校育人主体的作用,增强学生思想教育队伍的力量,有利于学分制的全面推行,促进学生的个性化发展。本科生导师制在实践中能否取得满意的效果,学校、教师、学生三者的作用不可偏废。     

The Well-Played Game: Notes Toward an Aesthetics of Sport

Accomplished philosophical accounts of sport's sociopolitical purpose have aimed at a critical analysis of the political dimensions of sport. Such accounts have tended either to condemn or to promote variously existing or hoped-for political ideologies with respect to sport; most significantly, ideologies of a capitalist, neo-Marxist, or “mainstream” socialist (Marxist) sort. Only the Marxist accounts, however, have succeeded in recognizing both the inherently playful (the essentially free) nature of sport and its sociopolitical status (its detemkate content). Neo-Marxist accounts have failed in the former respect, capitalist accounts in the latter. It is the purpose of this essay to give a synthetic interpretation of the philosophical groundwork of these judgments about modem socialist sport in terms of Hegel's ontological contributions to Marxist thought, in terms of what Marx made of these contributions in respect to humanity's social and political life, and in terms of the implications of Marxist thought for modem sporting activity.     

Toward theories of partnership praxis: an analysis of interpretive framing in literature on students as partners in teaching and learning

ABSTRACT

A body of literature on students as partners (SaP) in higher education has emerged over the last decade that documents, shares, and evaluates SaP approaches. As is typical in emerging fields of inquiry, scholars differ regarding how they see the relationship between the developments in SaP practices and the theoretical explanations that guide, illuminate, and situate such practices. In this article we explore the relationship between theory and practice in SaP work through an analysis of interpretive framing employed in scholarship of SaP in teaching and learning in higher education. Through a conceptual review of selected publications, we describe three ways of framing partnership that represent distinct but related analytical approaches: building on concepts; drawing on constructs; and imagining through metaphors. We both affirm the expansive and creative theorising in scholarship of SaP in university teaching and learning and encourage further deliberate use and thoughtful development of interpretive framings that take seriously the disruptive ethos and messy human relational processes of partnership. We argue that these developmental processes move us toward formulating theories of partnership praxis.     

实验与理论教学一体化探析

论述了实验教学与教师及教学方法的关系,并指出实验与理论教学一体化的教学模式是解决当前高校实验教学存在问题的根本方法,从而对其内涵、特点及意义做了必要的论述,并且对基于实验与理论教学一体化的教材体系建设、教师队伍建设进行了阐述,并阐述了实施这一教学模式的看法。     

The demand for higher education facing an individual institution

The purpose of this paper is to provide an estimate of the elasticity and cros-selasticities of demand for higher education facing an individual institution. The utility which a high school graduate derives from each educational option open to him is assumed to be a stochastic function of the attributes of that option. For certain types of utility functions the maximization of utility results in the logit probability model. This model is used to analyze the choices made by a sample of high school graduates in Hawaii. Estimates of the price elasticity and the cross-price elasticities of demand for enrollment at the University of Hawaii are obtained. It is found that the demand is quite inelastic with respect to both tuition and total cost of education. These estimates imply that changes in tuition will not affect enrollment appreciably.The authors wish to express their appreciation to Arthur S. Goldberger, H. Laurence Miller, and Pan A. Yotopoulos for their comments on earlier drafts of the paper.     

非正式制度对正式制度的影响研究

受血缘、地缘、页缘等影响的差序格局的中国,在进行社会主义建设的过程中,建立法治社会成为社会发展的必然趋势。但是,在该进程中,弊端频频出现,官员的权利滥用、组织间的共谋现象普遍存在。本文主要从正式制度被人们呼吁急需完善的背景下,非正式制度的形成原因及其存在的利弊。