THE EFFECTS OF FOUR METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION ON TEST ACHIEVEMENT

The purpose of the study was to compare three methods of individual test administration (interview, self-paced tape, speaker-paced tape) and one group method (speaker-paced tape). Individual administrations were done in carrels in a portable van. Subjects were third-and seventh-grade students in 15 California public schools. Overall differences among test administration methods on multiple-choice test scores were not significant for either grade group; although for both grades, the mean score under the group administration method was highest. On short-answer exercises, third-graders performed significantly better in individual interview administrations. For seventh-graders, scores on short-answer questions were significantly higher under the interview and group speaker-paced methods than under the individual speaker-paced method.     

INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF CREATIVITY AND IQ ON NINTH-GRADE ACHIEVEMENT

The interactive effects of IQ and creativity upon ninth-grade achievement were examined, with special focus upon the IQ threshold concept of Torrance He hypothesized that achievement is predicted better by IQ than by creativity below the IQ threshold, while IQ validity decreases as creativity validity increases above the threshold. This implies an IQ X Creativity interactive effect on achievement. If an IQ threshold exists, regression weights for IQ X Creativity interactive predictors should be statistically significant when included in multiple regression equations. Three creativity factor scores were estimated and were each multiplied by IQ to define three moderated or interactive predictor variables. A slight though statistically significant increase in validity resulted by adding the moderated variables to IQ and the three factor scores in multiple regression equations. Thus, there was weak support for the existence of an IQ threshold, but the regression of achievement on creativity decreased rather than increased with higher IQ.     

大学生成就动机的发展特点研究

大学生成就动机主要是实现自身的价值,充分发挥自己的潜力,希望这种追求能符合社会需要,并获得社会的承认。研究表明,大学生的成就动机水平在四年期间并没有显著的变化。就学业方面来说,从一年级到四年级成就动机水平逐年下降;大学生的成就动机在城乡维度上有差异,但是未能达到显著水平;家庭背景和家庭经济状况对成就动机水平有显著影响;大学生成就动机的个人取向比较突出,但是两种取向是并存的。目前大学生的成就动机在整个学习动机中只是中等水平的作用。     

论科学的本质与科学教育

科学的本质是科学教育领域中的一个重要问题。本文从定义和内涵两个角度对科学的本质进行了分析和阐述。科学既是一种过程,同时也是一种结果。科学活动的过程和科学活动的结果是紧密结合在一起的。作为探究与思维的科学、作为态度与精神的科学、作为知识与能力的科学是科学内涵的三个重要体现。在对科学本质进行分析的基础上,本文进一步对科学教育的目标与内容、过程与方法进行了探讨。     

基于学生全面参与的管理学实践教学模式设计

从实现管理学教学目标入手,探讨了学生全面参与的管理学实践教学模式的涵义及原则,提出管理学教学应坚持学生全面参与为主:让学生参与到教师教学设计、课堂讲授和成绩考核等课程规划全过程中去;参与到中国改革开放管理实践中去。     

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE INFLUENCE OF EARLY PERCEIVED PARENTAL SUPPORT ON STUDENT MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AND STEM CAREER ATTAINMENT

The lack of females entering STEM careers is well documented. Reasons for the gender gaps at all stages of the educational pipeline include both internal factors such as self-concept and external factors such as the influence of parents, media, and educators. Using latent growth curve analysis and nationally representative longitudinal survey data, this study compares differences in the relationship between a critical external factor (perceived early parental support), student mathematics and science achievement trajectories, and persistence in STEM career by gender. Mathematics and science trajectories were positively related to STEM career persistence for males and females. Perceived early parental support was related to growth in mathematics achievement for males but not females. There was no relationship between early perceived parental support and growth in science achievement for either males or females. These findings indicate differences in the relationship between parental support, achievement, and career persistence depending on content area and gender.     

试论艺术与科学的交融互渗

作为人类认识和把握世界的两种不同方式 ,艺术和科学是两个完全不同的范畴 ,但艺术和科学在终极目标上是一致的 ,即推动人类社会的进步。艺术和科学在其历史演进中具有相互影响、相互作用的交融互渗关系 ,正是这种积极的相互促进 ,使艺术和科学在各自的领域都获得了巨大的繁荣和发展     

论老子道本体论的实质和理论成就

老子《道德经》中的道作为世界的本原,它是客观世界的最普遍规律和最深刻本质的统一体。老子的道作为物质性的世界规律和本质的统一体,其基本性质是唯物主义的,但也包含着某些唯心主义的因素。老子的道的本体论不仅达到了中国古代理论思维水平的最高境界,而且对当代人类认识宇宙的本质和规律也具有积极的促进作用。     

现代地理科学的研究范围和发展趋势

文章概述了现代地理学的基本特征、研究范围、研究方法和学科体系，阐述了现代地理学的主要发展趋势，论述了我国地理科学的发展概况和落后的原因。     

自然资源学原理在旅游资源开发中的应用探讨

旅游资源是旅游业赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础,但在旅游资源开发过程中的旅游环境问题已成为旅游业能否可持续发展的关键.本文运用自然资源学有关原理,分析了我国旅游环境问题产生的经济原因.为了实现在资源不被破坏的前提下旅游经济效益最大化,需主动进行环境治理,并采取适当的经济手段.