传统石碑文物的抗震加固技术研究——以西安碑林石碑为例（英文）

为提升传统石碑文物的抗震性能,提出适合石碑文物的抗震加固方法.以西安碑林中的典型石碑文物为例,首先对石碑文物的保存现状进行了详细勘测,然后采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对石碑文物进行结构性能的分析,最后提出2种适合该类型文物的抗震加固方法并进行对比分析.结果表明:这些石碑文物不仅存在不同程度的风化、裂缝等明显残损问题,还存在地震时的结构安全问题.在8度罕遇地震作用下,未加固的石碑文物碑身和碑座处会出现许多裂缝,且石碑会整体倾覆.当采用增设不锈钢箍加固法对其进行抗震加固后,石碑整体不会倾覆,但石碑碑身和碑座处仍会出现一些裂缝.当采用基础隔震法对其进行抗震加固后,石碑整体不会倾覆,且石碑碑身和碑座处不会出现裂缝.因此,基础隔震法对传统石碑的抗震加固效果更好,可作为石碑文物的抗震加固方法.     

对砖混结构建筑的抗震加固方法探讨

由于砖混结构建筑主要以脆性材料为主,不具有延性,在地震作用下极易破坏,因此,要对不满足抗震设防要求的砖混结构房屋进行加固,提高结构安全性、满足使用功能要求.本文针对多层砖混结构建筑的震害表现,提出抗震加固方法,并以某学校的抗震加固工程为例进行探讨.以期通过本文的阐述使我们在日后的工程实践中,能够在抗震鉴定的基础上,综合考虑经济和安全的因素,采取不同的加固措施,使其达到相应的抗震设防要求,防御和减轻地震灾害.     

钢筋混凝土框架抗震鉴定与加固程序开发

现有结构的抗震鉴定采用两级鉴定法 ,设计人员往往根据粗略计算和经验进行加固 ,导致加固方案不安全或过于保守 .本文依据有关国家标准及专家经验 ,编制了钢筋混凝土框架抗震鉴定与加固计算机软件 .该软件具有“导航”功能 ,人机界面友好 .具有一般土建知识的用户即可通过使用该软件选用加大截面法、钢构套法或粘钢法对钢筋混凝土框架进行较准确、合理、快速的抗震加固设计 ,并节省大量的人力、物力和财力 .     

实践

<正>中小学校舍抗震加固国标图集和示例面世校舍抗震加固有据可依由住房和城乡建设部工程质量安全监管司组织相关单位编制的国家建筑标准设计图集《房屋建筑抗震加固(一)(中小学校舍抗震加固)》09SG619-1和《全国中小学校舍抗震鉴定与加固示例》面世,为当前我国正在进行的中小学校舍抗震加固工程提供了技术依据。     

既有钢混结构建筑群抗震韧性评估及其提升效益分析

为了掌握内蒙古地区城市建筑群抗震韧性水平和抗震韧性提升效益,本文以呼和浩特市区的钢筋混凝土建筑群为例,从建筑物受损面积、经济损失、修复时间与费用和人员伤亡等方面进行抗震韧性评估,并分析易损性建筑加固所需要的加固费用及其加固前后的抗震韧性提升效益.结果表明:在研究区地震引起建筑群受损面积为1621万m2、直接经济损失为1...     

浅谈单层工业厂房抗震性能的设计与加固

本文通过分析单层大空间工业厂房的结构体系,针对其抗震设计与加固要点进行探讨.以期通过本文的阐述规范工业厂房抗震设计方法,促进技术进步.     

碳纤维布与钢构套复合加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能研究(英文)

为改善锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能, 利用碳纤维布与角钢对锈蚀柱进行复合抗震加固. 试验共对12根试件进行了低周反复加载试验, 研究参量包括钢筋锈蚀程度、轴向荷载、碳纤维布层数和角钢用量. 试验结果表明, 利用碳纤维布和角钢复合加固锈蚀柱可以显著改善锈蚀柱的承载能力、延性和耗能能力. 复合加固后, 加固柱的强度和延性与锈蚀柱相比, 可分别提高0.9倍和1倍以上. 基于试验结果, 提出了计算加固构件屈服荷载、最大荷载和位移延性系数的简化公式, 计算结果与试验结果极为吻合.     

芳纶纤维加固RC短柱抗震性能数值模拟研究

由于芳纶纤维具有良好的力学性能和耐腐蚀性等优点,它适用于钢筋混凝土柱的抗震加固。该项目通过Open Sees有限元软件进行芳纶纤维加固短柱的抗震性能研究,并考虑剪跨比、轴压比、加固量等因素对加固短柱抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明芳纶纤维加固能有效提高短柱的耗能能力和延性,特别是在加固低轴压比和低剪跨比短柱时表现更佳;然而,芳纶纤维加固对试件极限承载能力提高有限。     

砖混结构建筑抗震加固技术分析

我国砖混结构建筑存量大,大部分抗震性能差,抗震加固形势紧迫。针对几种常用砖混结构抗震加固技术,从施工、造价、力学性能、适用范围等方面进行综合分析,并提出一种施工简单、造价适中、力学性能合理、适用范围广的新型抗震加固技术——高延性砂浆夹碳纤维网格布新技术。介绍其应用及研究情况,指出需要进一步研究的内容,对合理选择砖混建筑加固技术和未来研究方向有重要参考价值。     

参加学校抗震加固工作的点滴体会

中小学主要领导干部参加学校抗震加固工作是中小学幼儿园办学过程中的一件大事。笔者将日常装修与抗震加固通盘考虑,避免不必要的浪费;抗震加固开始之前要考虑施工的水电问题,提前做好协商解决办法;抗震加固之前要对校园设备设施运行情况进行核查,并与施工方确认,避免工程结束后扯皮;在具体问题交涉时要和参与设计、施工、监理等部门共同协商,不单独与施工方交涉等实际问题提出自己的见解。     

Dynamic performance test and estimation of reinforcement effect on a workshop after column-cut supported by joist

The reinforcement effect of a reconstruction scheme for a steel factory building was investigated using finite element method and dynamic performance test. The workshop concerned is a portal frame structure with four spans and two slope roofs, of which ten columns need cutting for expanding span. The design and reconstruction pro- ject of column-cut supported by joist were introduced, which includes column reinforcement, connection rebuilding between brackets and crane beams, and the changing of rigid joint into hinge joint. The construction scheme was put forward in the light of the characteristics of the reinforcement and reconstruction. Spot test of dynamic performance on the workshop and comparison with theoretical analysis results show that the column-cut supported by joist design is effective and the reconstruction project is successful.     

西安地铁盾构端头加固技术综合分析

根据西安黄土地层和工程水文地质条件,结合西安地铁二号线五个盾构区间的端头加固设计及施工经验,从盾构端头加固机理出发,考虑地层条件和周边环境条件,分析总结在黄土地层中盾构端头加固方案设计和所取得的成功经验,为该类地层条件下,盾构端头加固技术与方案选择提供参考。     

History effects on induced and operant variability

Two experiments evaluated history effects on induced and operant variability. College students typed three-digit sequences on a computer keyboard. Sequence variability was induced (by no reinforcement or variation- independent reinforcement) or reinforced (by variation- or repetition-dependent reinforcement). Conditions with induced and operant variability were presented according to a reverse between-groups design. In Experiment 1, we examined transitions from the variation or repetition contingencies to no reinforcement, and vice versa. In Experiment 2, the variation or repetition contingencies were followed or preceded by variation-independent reinforcement. The results showed that (1) a history of no reinforcement impaired operant variability learning; (2) induced variability levels were higher and lower after a history of reinforcement for variation and repetition, respectively; (3) repetition was more easily disrupted by no reinforcement and independent reinforcement than was variation; and (4) response variability and stability were a function of past and current reinforcement conditions. These results indicate that reinforcement history influences both induced and operant variability levels.     

高压旋喷桩在某地基加固工程中的应用

本文结合某工程实例进行地基加固方案设计的讨论,阐述了高压旋喷和压力灌浆加固的原理,并进行了相关设计计算,介绍了施工工艺,高压旋喷桩是有较高应用价值的地基加固方法.     

Seismic behavior of specially shaped column joints with X-shaped reinforcement

To investigate the seismic behavior of specially shaped column joints with X-shaped reinforcement,two groups of specimens with or without X-shaped reinforcement in joint core region were tested under constant axial compression load and low reversed cyclic loading,which imitated low to moderate earthquake force.The seismic behavior of specially shaped column joints with X-shaped reinforcement in terms of bearing capacity,displacement,ductility,hysteretic curve,stiffness degradation and energy dissipation was studied and compared to that without Xshaped reinforcement in joint core region.With the damage estimation model,the accumulated damage was analyzed.The shearing capacity formula of specially shaped column joints reinforced by X-shaped reinforcement was proposed with a simple form.The test results show that X-shaped reinforcement is an effective measure for improving the seismic behavior of specially shaped column joints including deformation behavior,ductility and hysteretic characteristic.All specimens were damaged with gradual stiffness degeneration.In addition,X-shaped reinforcement in the joint core region is an effective way to lighten the degree of cumulated damage.The good seismic performance obtained from the specially shaped column joint with X-shaped reinforcement can be used in engineering applications.The test value is higher than the calculated value,which indicates that the formula is safe for the design of specially shaped column joints.     

中美钢筋混凝土受弯正截面配筋设计方法比较

从材料、设计基本原则、正截面承栽力计算原理等方面,对中国规范和美国规范中钢筋混凝土受弯构件正截面配筋设计方法进行比较分析．中美规范中材料的强度等级、强度值有不同,设计基本原则中的实用设计表达式有差异;设计公式建立的假设、建立过程相似,设计公式具体形式有差异．实例计算表明：按美国规范进行钢筋混凝土正截面受弯设计,其内力、配筋均比中国的规范大,构造要求比中国的规范严格．     

动力排水固结法在连云港软土地区的应用研究

连云港海相软土具有含水量高、压缩性高、孔隙比高、强度低等特点,其工程性质较差,是该地区基础设计的重点和难点。结合某海相软土的加固处理工程,阐述了动力排水固结的加固机理,并对其加固效果进行了分析。检测结果显示,动力排水固结法处理连云港软粘土场地可以取得良好效果,其经验可供类似工程参考。     

The effects of dependent and interdependent group contingencies on socially appropriate responses in classes for emotionally handicapped children

The effects of group dependent and group interdependent reinforcement contingencies on the level of socially appropriate behaviors emitted by emotionally handicapped elementary school students were examined. The investigation employed an ABAC design with a systematic replication (ACAB) across a second classroom. The findings suggested that: (a) Both group dependent and group interdependent reinforcement contingencies were effective in incieasing the level of socially appropriate behaviors. (b) For Classroom II, group interdependent reinforcement contingencies more often resulted in higher rates of responding for individual subjects than did group dependent reinforcement contingencies. (c) Group interdependent contingencies were shown to set the occasion for cooperative behavior among class members designed to help each other achieve individual but interdependent goals.     

桥梁节点中纵筋的粘结锚固研究

高架桥梁节点是地震中的薄弱部位,1989年在美国发生的Loma Prieta地震导致了大量高架桥梁节点的破坏,其中由于纵筋粘结滑移导致的破坏占较大比例。目前我国正在大量新建双层高架桥梁,而国内尚没有任何桥粱节点的设计标准,在参考大量国外文献的基础上,对高架桥梁节点的粘结锚固性能进行了较为系统的研究。     

室内设计中的光环境设计艺术之探讨

在室内设计中,光环境的设计是重要部分,其对于建筑功能的完善、空间氛围的营造、环境特色的强化、场所性质的定位等具有重要意义和作用。伴随着经济的发展和社会的进步,人们对生活环境的要求不断提高,笔者在此结合自己多年实践经验,对室内设计中的光环境设计艺术进行探讨,以期能够充分发挥光环境设计艺术的积极作用。