大学教师发展:实践困境和矛盾分析

大学教师是大学的核心要素,大学教师的科研、教学和社会服务能力决定了大学的教育质量乃至整个高等教育的质量。从实践层面来看,大学教师的发展还存在诸多困境:培训机制、问责制、学术伦理道德等都不同程度地阻碍了大学教师的发展。在大学教师发展过程中,存在着科学研究的专业化和教学所要求的多维知识结构、教师的内在发展需求与大学组织制度缺位、大学教师职业的稳定性与竞争性的多个矛盾。对于大学教师发展过程中的实践困境和矛盾的分析有助于找到解决问题的途径。     

Fostering Faculty Collaboration in Learning Communities: A Developmental Approach

Colleges and universities are adopting learning communities to increase student learning and build cohesion. As learning communities grow in popularity, institutions need to invest in faculty development (Oates, 2001) and understand faculty experiences (Mullen, 2001). The University of Hartford created a program that prepared faculty for collaborative teaching in first-year learning communities. Faculty learned to engage in collaborative behaviors, to think outside disciplinary borders, and to employ a specific template as a heuristic for course development. Results of focus group research about the faculty experience and the impact of the experience on their pedagogy are summarized.Catherine B. Stevenson, whose M.A. and Ph.D. are from New York University, is currently an Associate Professor of English and Drama and Academic Dean of International and Honors Programs. She and her coauthors are affiliated with the University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT. Her special interests include nineteenth and twentieth century literature, curriculum reform, pedagogy, and international education. Robert L. Duran, Professor in the School of Communication, who earned his M.A. at West Virginia University and Ph.D. at Bowling Green State University, is a specialist in program evaluation, evaluation research, and research methods. Karen A. Barrett, Associate Dean of Undergraduate Studies, has an M.S. from the State University of New York at Buffalo. Her special interests include interdisciplinary general education curriculum, higher education administration, and diagnostic hematology and microbiology. Guy C. Colarulli, earned an M.A. at the University of Connecticut and a Ph.D. at The American University. He is the Associate Provost and Dean of Undergraduate Studies, whose special interests include Higher Education Administration, First-Year Experience, as well as American Government, and Politics     

Interpreting a Community of Practice Perspective in Discipline-Specific Professional Development in Higher Education

Through this study we explored a community of practice framework applied to faculty professional development at a mid-size state university in order to examine the issues unique to discipline-specific professional development in higher education. Through content-focused professional development activities conducted by the authors, several key areas were identified that point to challenges in building a faculty community of teaching practice: (a) the need for a culture of professional development, (b) developing old-timers and recruiting newcomers, (c) the need for teaching scholars to coordinate professional development, (d) challenging the “culture of service”, and (e) the need for a language to mediate thinking about practice. Maria Blanton  received a Ph.D. in Mathematics Education from North Carolina State University. She is currently a Senior Executive Research Associate in the Kaput Center and an Associate Professor in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Dept at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. Her research interests focus on applications of sociocultural theory in understanding teaching and learning mathematics in both elementary grades and higher education. Despina Stylianou  received an Ed.D. in mathematics education from the University of Pittsburgh. She is Associate Professor in the Department of Secondary Education at the City College of New York. Her research interests are in the area of mathematical cognition; her work explores the mathematical skills, sensibilities, and habits of mind and action that are critical to doing, learning, and using mathematics proficiently.     

Peer Coaching: Professional Development for Experienced Faculty

The professoriate, as a whole, is growing older and more experienced; yet institutions often overlook the professional development needs of mid-career and senior faculty. This article, based on a review of the literature and the development of a peer coaching project, examines peer coaching as a professional development opportunity for experienced faculty that meets many of their immediate needs and offers a variety of longer-term benefits to their institution. Six recommendations for creating a peer coaching program emerge from the literature and the authors’ experience.

基于绩效的教师培训与发展模式

网络教学师资的培训和发展并非在真空环境下发生,组织者需要考虑网络教育的采用(adoption)和使用效率(effectiveness)的提高两方面因素。传统的培训方法并不能满足教师需要。本文从系统的绩效分析出发,提出了一个系统的网络师资培训模式,该模式中提出了一些不同于传统培训的新方法,比如绩效支持、知识共享、用户社区和形成性评估。     

大学教师发展：教学学术的新视角

数以万计的大学教师发展问题亟待解决,这也是当前提高高等教育质量和建设高等教育强国面临的艰巨任务。引入教学学术理论,从教学学术的视角研究大学教师发展将具有重要意义。教育者、研究者和学习者角色的统一融合体就应该是大学教师最核心和最重要的角色,这样的角色定位有利于大学教师的发展。好的教学还应意味着,教师既是学者又是学生,因此应该加强教师与学生之间的交流,形成一个师生学习共同体。教师与教师之间的学习共同体和教师与学生之间的学习共同体都可以促进大学教师的发展,大学教师的发展也都需要这些学习共同体的熏陶和培养。每位教师都必须坚持忠诚的最高标准,既要重视教师职业道德修养也要加强学术道德修养。     

以实践为基础 促进教师专业发展

教师的专业发展是一个实践的过程,在此过程中,以满足教师专业发展的需要,提高专业发展的兴趣为出发点,建立学习和研究共同体。通过教师的反思、沟通、交流与合作,激发教师专业发展的积极性,增强自主发展意识,从而积极主动地进行研究和学习,促进自身的专业发展。     

构建“实践共同体”促进教师专业发展

构建教师实践共同体是当下教育改革中促进教师专业发展的有效途径。教师实践共同体的相关理论研究表明构建实践共同体具有重要意义。从实践共同体的特征——相互的介入、共同的事业和共享的技艺库出发,提出了促进教师专业发展的几点建议。     

澳大利亚TAFE教师发展的实践模式及其启示

作为澳大利亚高等教育的重要组成部分,澳大利亚TAFE一直在寻求教育质量提升的有效途径,在教师发展方面进行了许多尝试,形成了自己的特色。本文以笔者赴澳培训掌握的一手资料为基础,以澳大利亚TAFE新南威尔士州悉尼学院为案例,对TAFE教师发展的实践现状进行梳理和分析,总结出TAFE以教学发展、个人发展和组织发展为内涵且三位一体的教师发展实践模式。     

徐州师范大学工学院师资队伍建设的实践与思考

师资队伍建设是学校实现快速发展最根本的一环。徐州师范大学工学院自建院以来牢牢把握这一点，采取有力措施．一手抓培养，一手抓引进，取得了十分显著的成绩．带动了学院事业的快速发展。     

浅谈我国高校教师发展

高等教育的大众化、科学技术的迅速发展、知识更新速度的不断加快、全球化教育理念的转变等,决定了新形势下高校教师要进行全面系统发展的必要性。我国传统的高校教师发展主要依赖于教师培训和进修的方式,缺乏教师发展的自主性、全面性、自觉性,已难以满足现今高等教育发展的需要。借鉴国外高校教师发展制度,结合我国实际情况,有助于探索适合我国高校教师发展的途径。     

A Model Program from the Perspective of Faculty Development

This article offers the Lynchburg College Symposium Readings (LCSR) Program as a model for faculty development. The program encourages faculty collaboration, innovative classroom practices, and service as well as new areas of faculty scholarship. Methods for assessing faculty work within the context of the goals of the program and the institution are described. Throughout the history of the program an emphasis has been placed on continuous faculty development in the belief that keeping faculty vital ensures quality teaching and scholarship.     

美国大学教师发展模式及其对我国的启示

美国高校教育信息化组织结合美国各高校现行优秀教师发展案例,提出了包含三个阶段的大学教师发展五年计划,第一阶段为博士研究生提供大学教师资格证培训,第二阶段是新教师入职培训,第三阶段是教师督导和反向辅导.每个阶段有不同的大学教师发展项目,成功的大学教师发展项目具备十大因素,同时应该注意五大问题.美国高校教育信息化组织对...     

论构建面向广大自考生的网上学习社区

网上学习社区技术的发展,为我国高等教育自学考试改善助学薄弱状况、建设学习支持系统以及提高自考生的学习效率和效果提供了可行性.本文先对网上学习社区的概念、理论和研究现状做了简要概述,接着回顾了全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会办公室(简称全国考办)在利用信息技术开展网络助学方面的一些初步探索,最后对如何构建面向广大自考生的网上学习社区提出了几点原则性建议.     

美国高校教师发展的现状及启示

高校教师发展包括教师发展、教学发展和组织发展三大领域。经过多年的发展,美国已经建立起由学校和社会共同组成的完善的高校教师发展保障体系。近年来,美国高校教师发展在指导思想和内容上均出现了一些新的变化,积累了一些成功经验,对我国高校教师发展具有借鉴意义。     

日本大学教师发展制度化探析

近年来源自于美国的日本大学教师发展走上了制度化道路。日本大学教师发展制度化是在学生生源变化、基础教育的普及化和大学社会责任变化的基础上发生的。日本大学教师发展制度化是一个渐进的过程,在这一过程中呈现出其独有的特点并出现了一些问题。研究日本大学教师发展制度化的经验和教训对我国大学教师发展具有一定的启发意义。     

Collaborative Course Development for Online Courses

Developing a course for online instruction requires content knowledge and understanding of the interactivity, technological requirements, and possibilities in the asynchronous environment. Using a case study method, the researchers investigated the development of an online humanities course by a team of faculty and instructional designers. Data were collected through observation of face-to-face planning meetings, document analysis of group postings at the online site, and interviews with the team members. Using Berge’s typology of online facilitator roles and Stark and Luttuca’s framework on academic plans, this study examined the roles assumed by team members and the curricular decisions. Haixia Xu is a Ph.D. candidate in the Institute of Higher Education at the University of Georgia. Her research interests include policy aspects of distance education, comparative higher education, qualitative research methodology, and assessment and evaluation. Libby V. Morris is the Director of the Institute of Higher Education at the University of Georgia. She holds the Ph.D. degree from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Her research interests include evaluation and assessment, instructional technology, and educational demographics.     

Improving Campus Climate to Support Faculty Diversity and Retention: A Pilot Program for New Faculty

We report on a series of pilot programs that we developed and carried out to support the success and satisfaction of new faculty, particularly faculty of color. We hope that others committed to retaining and supporting underrepresented faculty can apply our learning from this pilot project, as a whole or in part.Fred P. Piercy, Ph.D. (University of Florida), M.Ed. (University of South Carolina), B.A. (Wake Forest University) is the Department Head of the Department of Human Development at Virginia Tech. His professional interests include family therapy education, HIV social science research and prevention, and family intervention for adolescent drug abusers. Valerie Giddings, Ph.D., M.S. (Virginia Tech), B.S. (Bennett College) is the Associate Vice Chancellor for Lifelong Learning at Winston-Salem State University. Her professional interests include anthropometry and apparel fit, cultural aesthetics for apparel, and diversity issues in higher education. Katherine R. Allen, Ph.D., M.A. (Syracuse University), B.S. (University of Connecticut) is a Professor in Human Development at Virginia Tech. Her interests include family diversity over the life course, adult sibling ties in transition, and persistence of women and minorities in IT majors. Benjamin Dixon, Ed.D. (University of Massachusetts), M.A.T. (Harvard University), B.Mus.Ed. (Howard University) is the Vice President for Multicultural Affairs at Virginia Tech. His interests include diversity, multicultural education, ethical pluralism, and equity and inclusion issues related to organizational management and development. Peggy S. Meszaros, Ph.D. (University of Maryland), M.S. (University of Kentucky), B.S. (Austin Peay State University) is the William E. Lavery Professor of Human Development and the Director of the Center for Information Technology Impacts on Children, Youth, and Families at Virginia Tech. Her interests include positive youth development, leadership issues, female career transitions, and mother/daughter communication. Karen Joest, Ph.D. (Virginia Tech), M.S. (Chaminade University), B.S. (Indiana State University) is an Assistant Professor of Child and Family Studies at the State University of New York, College at Oneonta. Her interests include adolescents exposed to domestic violence, use of qualitative research, and use of technology and feminist pedagogy