共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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The development of spelling knowledge and its role in reading acquisition and reading disability 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
L C Ehri 《Journal of learning disabilities》1989,22(6):356-365
In contrast to the hypothesis that dyslexics possess phonological deficits that are neurological in origin, I suggest that the source of the deficit is primarily experiential--that dyslexics exhibit phonological deficits because they have not learned to read and spell in a way that develops their spelling knowledge so that it penetrates and comes to symbolize their phonological knowledge. Evidence from normal reading and spelling development as well as from comparisons of dyslexic and nondyslexic readers is offered to support this thesis. 相似文献
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David L. Share Anthony F. Jorm Rod Maclean Russell Matthews 《Reading and writing》2002,15(1-2):151-178
The present investigation examined thehypothesis that early auditory temporalprocessing deficits cause later specificreading disability by impairing phonologicalprocessing (Farmer & Klein 1995; Tallal1980, 1984). Temporal processing ability atschool entry was examined using Tallal'sRepetition Test in a large unselected sample ofover 500 children followed over subsequentyears. Although our data confirmed the presenceof certain non-speech auditory processingdeficits in children later classified asspecific reading-disabled, many findings wereclearly at odds with a causal interpretation ofthis relationship. (1) Reading-disabled (RD)children were impaired at school entry on thesubtest with long interstimulus intervals(ISIs) but not the critical short-ISIsubtest. (2) RD children were not inferior toreading-age (RA) controls. (3) A subgroup of RDchildren with evidence of temporal deficitswere no less proficient on later phonologicalor reading measures than RD children with noevidence of early temporal impairment. (4)Although there was a reliable concurrentcorrelation between temporal deficits andphonological awareness at school entry(suggesting a possible common causeexplanation), early temporal deficits did notpredict later phonological impairment,pseudoword processing difficulties, or specificreading disability. On the other hand, earlytemporal deficits did predict later oralreceptive vocabulary and reading comprehensionweaknesses. These findings suggest thatauditory temporal deficits in dyslexics may beassociated with the same dysphasic-typesymptoms observed by Tallal and her colleaguesin specific language-impaired populations, butdo not cause the core phonological deficitsthat characterize dyslexic groups. 相似文献
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Annals of Dyslexia - 相似文献
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Chris Singleton 《Journal of Research in Reading》2005,28(1):4-14
Thomson was the first of very few researchers to have studied oral reading errors as a means of addressing the question: Are dyslexic readers different to other readers? Using the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability and Goodman's taxonomy of oral reading errors, Thomson concluded that dyslexic readers are different, but he found that they do not resemble beginning readers. Thomson's study and his use of miscue analysis is re‐evaluated, both in relation to the educational and political climate of the time – which was hostile to the concept of dyslexia – and in the light of research and social developments since then. The study of oral reading still has value today, both for the teacher and the researcher, provided its limitations as a technique are fully appreciated. 相似文献
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The purpose of the present study was to explore the relative roles of IQ and cognitive processes in reading performance. A sample of 443 Spanish children (264 male, 179 female) ranging in age from 7 to 13 years were classified into four groups according to IQ scores (<80, 80–90, 90–110, >110) and reading disabled (RD) and normally achieving readers (NR) were compared. The findings indicate that IQ scores were not related to the differences between children with RD and NR. We found that reading‐related cognitive deficits do differentiate between RD and NR children. Therefore, IQ scores do not make a significant contribution to our understanding of reading disability. 相似文献
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The present study investigated the etiological relationship between two disorders: dyslexia or reading disability (RD) and
phonological disorder (PD). These disorders manifest at different ages and have typically been studied by researchers in different
disciplines. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that the disorders overlap at symptomatic, cognitive, and etiological
levels of analysis. In previous studies, each disorder has been found to be heritable, and there is also evidence that RD
and PD run together in families, but no studies to date have documented whether there is a shared genetic influence between
the two disorders. The present study examined this question in a sample of RD and non-RD twins. Subjects with a history of
PD were identified and the etiological relation between the two disorders was examined. Results indicated that in the present
sample, RD and PD are each heritable on their own. Further, even when correcting for RD, the two disorders were found to be
coheritable, indicating that the finding of cofamiliality of RD and PD is at least partially driven by genetic influences.
The implications of these results for the conceptualization, identification, and treatment of these two disorders are discussed. 相似文献
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Phyllis Mindell Ed. D. 《Annals of dyslexia》1978,28(1):124-141
This paper reports a study of the antecedent-consequent model of reading dysfunction and possible relationships between verbal
spatial order memory and sequence errors in word reading. It provides data on the nature and frequency of such errors. Performance
by normal and dyslexic readers on a number of tasks was compared. The study supports the hypothesis that sequence errors of
dyslexic readers are related to a developmental lag.
This research was carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ed.D. at the University of Rochester. The
author would like to express appreciation to Drs. Keith Rayner, Harry Reis, Ellsworth Woestehoff, Frank Greene and Achilles
de Berardinis for their advice and assistance in the study. 相似文献
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Jim Stevenson 《Reading and writing》1992,4(4):307-326
The issue of sex differences in reading disability has been of recent interest in relation to sex ratios in families with reading disabled children and to possible sex biases in referred populations. Data from a study of 570 twins are used to develop alternative definitions of reading disability that vary in the manner to which sex effects are taken into account. These definitions include discrepancies between reading quotients and IQ, the use of the regression of reading onto IQ and chronological age/reading age differences. In each case the reading and spelling disability was defined either separately for the sexes or based upon the data for the sexes combined and with and without an IQ>90 exclusion criterion. The consequences of using the alternative definitions for prevalence, sex ratio and heritability are examined. The results demonstrate that the characteristics of reading disabled children vary with the way disability is defined. The excess of males seems to be a robust finding. Definitions that take into account differences in mean score for males and females reduce but do not eradicate the sex ratio. From the genetic analysis, there is no support for the suggestion that the genetic effect on reading is greater for females than males. It is concluded that the use of regression based procedures for identifying reading disability is desirable but that at present there is insufficient evidence to justify the adoption of separate regression procedures for the two sexes. 相似文献
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熊春霞 《黄冈师范学院学报》2008,28(Z1)
1Anaphoric expressions Anaphoric expression is another pitfall for Chinese students in their reading comprehension.According to Gui Sichuan(1991),reference,substitution,ellipsis and lexical cohesion are of ten mentioned in Halliday's and Hasan's 相似文献
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Ken E. Blaiklock 《Journal of Research in Reading》2004,27(1):36-57
Previous correlational and experimental research has found a positive association between phonological awareness and reading skills. This paper provides an overview of studies in this area and shows that many studies have neglected to control for extraneous variables such as ability, phonological memory, pre‐existing reading skills and letter knowledge. The paper reports on the results of a longitudinal study that took account of these variables when examining the relationship between phonological awareness and reading for a group of children during their first two years at school. Children showed rhyme awareness before they began to read but were unable to perform a phoneme deletion task until after they had developed word‐reading skills. Concurrent and predictive correlations between phonological awareness scores and later reading were often significant and remained so after adjusting for verbal ability or phonological memory. Controlling for letter knowledge, however, reduced most correlations to nonsignificant levels. 相似文献
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Nathlie A. Badian 《Annals of dyslexia》1999,49(1):43-70
The achievement of 1,075 school children was followed to the end of grade 7 or 8. Retrospective details of birth, medical
history, and infant adaptive behavior, as well as current information about preschool behavior, were provided by parents before
kindergarten entry when their children were ages four to five. At that time, each child was given language, preacademic, and
visual-motor tests, and a short-form verbal IQ was obtained. For grades 1 to 8, a mean 6.9 percent qualified as low in arithmetic
(including 3.9 percent low only in arithmetic) and 9 percent as low in reading (including 6 percent low only in reading).
Groups of children with persistent disability in arithmetic only (2.3 percent), reading only (6.6 percent), and arithmetic
plus reading (3.4 percent) were compared on all variables, and gender differences were examined. The specific arithmetic group
was superior to the other two groups in preschool verbal IQ and language, and had suffered more birth problems and illness.
As found by Rourke and his colleagues (e.g., Rourke and Finlayson 1978) for older children, boys with a specific arithmetic
disability showed a preschool profile with high verbal scores and low nonverbal scores. Many gender differences were found
for the total sample, but few for the learning disability subgroups. 相似文献