Research and Inspection: Hmi and OFSTED, 1981-1996 - a commentary

This paper traces the changing relationship between research and inspection under both HMI and OFSTED, from the early 1980s to 1996. Drawing on a mix of internal and external sources it describes the changes within HMI to make traditional inspection methods more transparent and consistent and to make more use of quantitative data and performance indicators in the 1980s. However, changes within HMI were overtaken by events as education moved rapidly up the political agenda from the mid-1980s. With the demise of HMI in 1992, research within OFSTED took on a more prominent role and a modest but innovative research programme was established. However, the shift by OFSTED in the mid-1990s to take on a more explicit campaigning role to raise educational standards, rather than simply be a regulatory organisation, put the research under pressure to fit in with this new style. The paper draws on examples of the way these pressures worked out in both externally commissioned and internal research exercises. The result was that some studies were sidelined, while others were given excessive prominence that could not be justified by the scale and nature of the research.     

综合创新论与"马魂、中体、西用"——关于当代中国文化建设的探讨

李毅、寇清杰认为,方克立长期关注中国新文化的体用问题,20多年来发表了多篇相关论文。20世纪80年代,张岱年比较系统地阐述了综合创新的文化观,方克立是其最有力的支持者、阐释者和发挥者之一。"马魂、中体、西用"一方面是对近代中国体用之争进行历史反思的新成果,另一方面是运用张岱年综合创新论考察当代中国文化建设实际的新收获。张允熠认为,"马魂、中体、西用"论是直接对张岱年运用体用观念阐述"马学为体,西学为用"的文化观或文化价值论的一种细化和发展,也是对张岱年"文化的综合创新"论在时代高度上的一次重新解读和提升,"综合创新"系综合命题,"马魂、中体、西用"论为分析命题。但这种表述方法也有需进一步推敲和完善其论证之处。刘仲林认为,中国哲学的创新,不仅要厘定马、中、西的价值定位,还要关注哲学创新所需具备的要素。张岱年也将文化的综合创新称之为"文化创造主义",并阐明了融会中西、激励精神、创发原则、应用科学四要素,这四要素皆可归结于创造精神。陈卫平认为,"马魂、中体、西用"是受到张岱年"综合创新"论的启发,是对其"对理法"的发挥结果。"马魂、中体、西用"作为对"综合创新"论的继承和发展,深得"对理法"真髓,不仅指出了三者在当代中国新文化建设中各自的价值定位,也有见于三者既有长短又能互补的辩证关系。     

5,5-二正十八烷基-2-(2-溴乙基)-1,3-二氧六环的合成及表征

研究了以 １－十八醇和丙二酸二乙酯为原料合成二五十八烷基丙二酸二乙酯，然后用 ＬｉＡｌＨ４还原得到 ２， ２－二正 十八烷基－１，３－丙二醇，再在对甲苯磺酸催化下与β－溴丙醛结合得５，５－二五十八烷基－２－（２－溴乙基）－１，３－二氧 六环。并对产物的重结晶条件进行了研究，产物经元素分析、ＩＲ和１ ＨＮＭＲ光谱表征。