The Significance of Physical Education Content: “Sending the Message” in Physical Education Teacher Education

Mind-body dualism has likely influenced how many view human beings and their behavior—mind (i.e., thinking) is elevated over body (i.e., performing)—even in Physical Education Teacher Education. The problem is that such a perspective makes physical education content (i.e., dance, games, play, and sport) subsidiary to more “intellectual” or “academic” content. This article invites Physical Education Teacher Education faculty to consider how to effectively “send the message” to future physical educators that physical education content is valuable and respectable and in many ways epitomizes intelligent human behavior. Specifically, Physical Education Teacher Education faculty are invited to (a) challenge traditional definitions of intelligence and introduce alternative definitions, (b) participate regularly in their own playgrounds, (c) provide a sufficient dose of activity courses in their curricula, (d) teach activity courses, (e) establish a performance-oriented culture, and (f) administer performance and/or game play evaluations.     

The Outcomes of an International Education for Indonesian Graduates: The third place?

The outcomes derived from an international overseas education by Indonesian graduates are a complex mix of professional, affective, cultural and career advantages mediated by the nature of the environment in which they work and the nature of the work they do. Most graduates believe the advantages of an overseas education are more important than the disadvantages. Nevertheless, there are important disadvantages such as difficulties with re-entry, work relationships, and the development of appropriate professional networks. Respondents place more importance on outcomes such as changes in intellectual abilities, attitudes and cultural perspectives than on narrower career advantages such as salary and promotion, which may actually suffer as a consequence of an international education. The rich cultural and educational experiences appear to create a distinct inter-cultural group in professional society—a "third place"—which may be seen as a source of professional advantage for both employers and individuals. By giving thorough attention to the unique potential of this third place, and by strengthening the links in the educational and employment situation of graduates, stakeholders can enhance the outcomes from an international, overseas education.     

School Resource Officers, ‘Zero Tolerance’ and the Enforcement of Compliance in the American Education System

Schools are an important part of any community, and are increasingly considered responsible for the social education of young people as much as their academic instruction. In doing so, many schools have adopted a ‘zero tolerance’ response to student conduct that involves harsh penalties for minor infractions. At the heart of this zero tolerance approach is the use of School Resource Officers (SROs) as a means of enforcing student discipline. Involvement of these sworn police officers in the day-today behaviour management processes of a school has serious implications for students that are targeted by these measures. Students at schools with a SRO presence are five times more likely to be arrested for disorderly conduct, with over 10,000 prosecutions of young people under the so-called ‘disturbing schools’ laws every academic year. SROs and their use as a behavioural deterrent can be seen to influence a juvenile’s likelihood of recidivism and heavily impacts upon their involvement in the school-to-prison pipeline. Direct causal connections exist between the criminalisation of misbehaviour in school and adult incarceration; in this sense, the presence of SROs in American schools must be re-evaluated in order to determine whether they constitute an acceptable application of social control.     

The Contributions of the American Indians

The potato was unknown to the white man until he came to New World. Spanish explorers(探险者)found out some of the Indians in South America grown potatoes. The potato is one of the things that the South American Indians contributed to the world.     

“A miniature League of Nations”: inquiry into the social origins of the International School, 1924–1930

Today, the International School of Geneva is known as the world’s oldest and largest private international school, having opened in 1924 under the name “International School”. Many schools have attempted to foster an international environment in a general sense; this school is the first to claim an inter-national identity with reference to a specific political ideology. In this article, I argue that neither student statistics, nor official discourse, nor the individual experience of consecrated School founders can account for this claim. After careful analysis of different forms of capital invested in the School, its founding no longer appears to be a simple response to a "need" or a "demand" but a complex process of social distinction.