Science Education and Students with Learning Disabilities

Students with learning disabilities (LD) are increasingly expected to master content in the general education curriculum, making the need for effective instructional supports more important than ever before. Science is a part of the curriculum that can be particularly challenging to students with LD because of the diverse demands it places on cognitive performance. In this summary we review a number of strategies that have been validated for learners with LD. The strategies include supports for (a) verbal learning of declarative information, (b) processing information in texts, (c) activities‐based instruction/experiential learning, (d) scientific thinking and reasoning, and (e) differentiated instruction. We also summarize the research regarding the impact of teacher behavior on achievement for students with LD in science education. The strategies reviewed yield tangible and positive effect sizes that suggest that their application to the target domain will substantially improve outcomes for students with LD in science education.     

美国《残疾人教育法》与残疾人高等教育

本文通过解读1990年的美国《残疾人教育法》及其1997年修正案,研究其如何有助于消除高等教育领域对残疾人的歧视、保障他们受教育的权利;进而探讨该法对我国高等教育的启示,即残疾丝毫不能损害个人参与和贡献于社会的权利;仅仅置身于全纳的高等教育环境中不能消除残疾人受歧视和教育"边缘化"的现象;要改变人们的观念,保护和提高残疾人受教育的权利,需要全社会和我们的政府一道进行艰巨的改革,勇敢地面对挑战.     

Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in South African Higher Education

Globally, few students with disabilities progress to higher education. This is mostly due to avoidable barriers they face as they navigate different educational structures from lower levels. Even for those few students who make it to higher education, they continue to face challenges. A qualitative study was carried out at the University of the Free State and the University of Venda. Fourteen students with disabilities took part in this research that was aimed at exploring their academic and life experiences. This article interrogates the inclusion of students with disabilities at two South African universities. This article is timely as South Africa has initiated the development of a national policy framework on disability in the post-school education and training systems. It highlights some of the areas where inclusive policies should pay attention in an effort to fully cater for the needs of students with disabilities.     

我国残疾人高等教育院校教师队伍建设探讨

对我国当前残疾人高等教育教师队伍结构和研究现状进行分析,并以系统论作为研究视角,提出了残疾人高等教育院校教师队伍建设要坚持高等教育的质量目标,同时应具备共性结构要素和特性结构要素两个标准的思路.为了提升残疾高等教育教师队伍的整体素质,必须对目前我国残疾人高等教育教师队伍结构的缺失有针对性的优化,从而建立符合时代要求与当代残疾人高等教育规律的优秀教师队伍,实现提高我国残疾人高等教育的水平.     

从与传统教育相结合的角度谈远程教育中的学习支持服务

本文针对网络学院远程教育的实际情况和实际问题,通过对传统学校教育中问题的分析以及传统教育和网络教育的对比分析,说明了传统教育和远程网络教育在学习支持服务需求上的一致性,确立了传统教育和网络教育不是对立而是融合的观点。在此基础上提出了影响学生发展的学习距离的概念,从一个新的角度理解远程教育中的距离。并从一个综合的有序的可操作的角度提出了学习支持服务的组成和设计目标。强调学习支持服务是两种教育形式的灵魂。     

美国全纳教育对学习障碍学生的教育影响

全纳教育通过为有障碍和无障碍学生建立学习型社区,使所有学生在适龄的普通教育场景接受相同的教育。全纳教育代表所有学生的利益,提倡教师要为差异而教。学习障碍学生是美国中小学接受特殊教育的最大群体。全纳教育对美国学习障碍学生的教育安置、学业进步和社会性发展均产生一定影响。研究全纳教育对学习障碍学生的教育影响有助于提高全纳教育的效能并对评估和推进全纳教育起到指导作用。     

Computer-Mediated Intersensory Learning Model for Students with Learning Disabilities

This article proposes a computer-mediated intersensory learning model as an alternative to traditional instructional approaches for students with learning disabilities (LDs) in the inclusive classroom. Predominant practices of classroom inclusion today reflect the six principles of zero reject, nondiscriminatory evaluation, appropriate education, least restrictive environment, procedural due process, and parental and student participation. These practices guide the amended Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 2004. For nearly 35 years the act has championed for the rights of children with disabilities. The act mandates that students with LDs are educated in the general education classroom (Hock, Deshler, & Schumaker, 1999).     

Social Skills Learning for Students with Learning Disabilities and Students with Behaviour Disorders

This study examined the effects of a computer‐assisted social skills intervention on the social competence and behaviour adjustment of students with special needs. The sample consisted of 114 male students, divided into two groups: 52 students with learning disabilities (LD) (mean age = 12.23; SD = 1.12) and 62 students with behaviour disorders (BD) (mean age = 12.53; SD = 1.34). The students were trained with the “I Found a Solution” computer‐assisted social skill package. The intervention consisted of the computer‐assisted program and teacher‐guided work. Each student was assessed, before and after the training, on: teacher‐rated self‐control and maladjusted behaviours, peer‐rated social acceptance and self‐rated loneliness. Through conceptualisation based on the students’ loneliness and externalising maladjustment, four subgroups were identified: (a) relatively adjusted students; (b) externalising and not‐lonely students; (c) lonely and non‐externalising students; and (d) lonely and externalising students. The analyses included subgroups b, c and d, excluding the relatively adjusted subgroup, adding up to a sample of 83 students (35 students with learning disabilities and 48 students with behaviour disorders). A series of two‐way ANOVAs with repeated measures (grouping by subgrouping, with pre‐/post‐training scores as the repeated measures) revealed that following training, students in both groups felt less lonely and were more accepted by peers. Teachers rated them as demonstrating higher levels of self‐control and decreased externalising and internalising maladjustment. The differential impact of the training between groups (LD/BD) and among subgroups (b/c/d) highlighted the significance of the subtyping approach for understanding the children's social learning profiles and for directing effective social skill programming.     

成年障碍者社区教育支持现状调查

本研究借鉴余秀兰对弱势群体教育支持的界定和分类,通过自编问卷对大连市和牡丹江市两地24个社区114名社区专干和416名成年障碍者进行调查,并着重分析两市社区对成年障碍者提供教育支持的情况以及成年障碍者利用社区教育支持的情况.研究发现:(1)社区对成年障碍者提供的教育支持主要以偶尔提供为主;(2)成年障碍者对社区教育支持的利用情况主要以没有利用为主.本研究为社区如何提供教育支持和成年障碍者如何 利用社区提供的教育支持提出了建议.     

Computer Technology,Science Education,and Students with Learning Disabilities

The ways computer technology could be used to teach science to students with learning disabilities (LD) are explored. Science is for all students and that includes students with LD. Learning science has both cognitive and affective implications for students with LD. In this context, computer technology provides cognitively engaging and motivating instructional tools for individualizing the mode of delivery; developing expert tutors; anchoring instruction; integrating science with other subjects; reducing cognitive load on working memory; and motivating students to stay on task. These applications are discussed with implications for teaching science to students with LD.     

学习障碍学生社会技能训练的内容与方法

社会技能训练在促进学习障碍学生社会技能发展方面具有重要作用。学习障碍学生社会技能训练的内容主要包括基本交往技能、情绪情感表达和控制技能、社会关系技能、课堂交往技能、决策与问题解决技能以及冲突管理技能。学习障碍学生社会技能训练主要通过六步直接教学法、隐性课程法、社会解析法和应用行为分析法进行     

“学困生”转化中运用教育机智的方法途径

教育机智是通过教师在教育实践中认知事物的敏感性以及对学生的主动关心来实现的。一方面，教育机智激活教育的能力．从而更好地感知学生的需求．开发他们的各种潜力；另一方面，教育机智要求教育防止可能…现的一成不变的判断、成见和不当归因等倾向。这就意味着．只有当教育以一种关心和     

针对学习障碍学生的各种特殊教育观

针对学习障碍学生的特殊教育,从最初鉴别学生学习过程中的缺陷并进行矫正,到现在针对学生学习需要而进行的阶梯教育模式,经历了其自身发展的过程。     

化解高职生网络学习障碍的对策研究

网络学习是当今高职生学习重要的辅助方式之一,学生在网络学习过程中会遇到各种学习障碍,如何有效的化解这些困难和障碍,是学生网络学习迫切需要解决的问题。     

Screening Students for Potential Learning Disabilities

The present study indicates that prenatal/birth complications, developmental delays, head injury history and family histry of learning disabilities occur at higher frequencies among college students with learning disabilities, but a family history of diabetes or hypoglycemia, and chronic ear infection history do not occur more often among students with learning disabilities.     

干预学习困难提高高等教育质量

高等教育的学习者存不存在学习困难?美国、加拿大等国家大学学习困难办公室的设置对这个问题作了肯定的回答.中国高等教育的学习者也有可能面临着学习困难的出现,对可能出现的学习困难进行主动干预,这也是对高等教育质量的保护.     

Learning Disabilities in Taiwan: A Case of Cultural Constraints on the Education of Students with Disabilities

Learning disabilities (LD) has been recognized as a category of special education in Taiwanese law since 1984, and policies ensure educational services for children and youth who have LD. The official definition and identification criteria established in Taiwan's laws closely correspond with those of the United States, but practice differs, largely influenced by the people's cultural and linguistic background. I discuss these legal and cultural features as well as other matters (e.g., growth and change in professional literature on LD). Compared to economically developed countries such as the United States, the educators in Taiwan implement identification procedures, placement, and services at a lower cost. Contents of implementation are introduced in detail. The prevalence rate of LD has been very low (<1 percent). I examine culture‐ and/or society‐specific reasons for low prevalence, such as Chinese orthography, regular teachers' compliance with referral procedures, the education‐first belief of parents, and problems with identification procedures.     

学习障碍学生学习策略干预研究述评

学习障碍学生在运用学习策略方面存在显著困难 ,学习策略干预对提高学习障碍学生的学习效率和学习效果具有显著作用。学习障碍学生学习策略干预研究主要包括学习障碍学生学习策略缺乏的表现、学习策略干预的内容与模式以及学习策略干预应注意的问题三个方面。后继的研究应扩大研究对象的类型和干预策略所适用的学科种类并进一步提高干预的可迁移性。     

As Capable as Other Students: Tanzanian Women with Disabilities in Higher Education

Globally, persons with disabilities are underrepresented in higher education. In sub-Saharan Africa, where opportunities for higher education are especially limited, women are unlikely to continue their education. This research investigates women in Tanzanian higher education with the double marginalisation of being a woman and having disabilities. The women were interviewed on what factors enabled access and participation for their educational success. A thematic analysis of qualitative data was applied. All of the women interviewed were motivated to complete their degrees. Key enabling factors were encouragement from their families and previous teachers, full participation in student life and sufficient financial support. Student life integration, especially peer study groups, and university staff training were emphasised along with structural modifications needed for campus facility access. They understood the importance of education, especially as women with disabilities, and the impact educated women with disabilities have as role models for young women, those with disabilities and without.