发明家凯特林的故事及其启示

如今的汽车从少年到老人都能驾驶,用钥匙一开,踩油门起动,视为当然.人们已经忘记,早年的汽车是在车外用手摇曲柄发动的,既费力又危险.不解决这个问题,汽车永远只能是一种富人雇司机开动的时髦豪华玩意儿,无法普及.所以自动起动器的发明导致了汽车工业的革命,从而造成了汽车的普及,使之成为公认的带动经济发展的龙头之一.……     

技术知识基础对企业成为关键研发者的影响研究:一个被中介的调节模型

基于知识基础理论和动态能力理论,从技术知识基础视角出发,探究知识整合能力在技术知识基础广度、深度和企业成为关键研发者之间的中介机制.实证结果显示,知识整合能力在技术知识基础广度、深度与企业成为关键研发者之间起中介作用,企业基础研究水平在技术知识基础广度、深度与企业成为关键研发者关系发挥有中介的调节作用,这一调节作用通过...     

Nest without birds: Inventor mobility and the left-behind patents

The mobility of inventors leaves behind their patented inventions at sourcing firms, yet there is little scholarly insight into how firms handle those intellectual properties. We investigate this important issue by developing a framework of tacit-codified knowledge interdependence. We theorize that tacit and codified knowledge offer the intellectual and legal pillars of corporate inventions, which complement each other in value creation. Inventor mobility decouples the two pillars and reduces the maintenance likelihood of the left-behind patents. The negative impact is greater for inventions that are complex or rely less on internal prior art because the tacit knowledge loss is more destructive and unrecoverable. However, when inventors move to competing or litigious target firms, the relationship between mobility and patent maintenance becomes less negative or even turns positive because the left-behind patents can be leveraged to hedge against the risk of knowledge leakage. Applying a two-stage Coarsened Exact Matching approach to construct a sample of 36,204 U.S. patents with comparable leaving and staying inventors from public firms between 1983 and 2010, we find strong evidence supporting our framework. Our findings highlight the intricate interdependence of tacit and codified knowledge in corporate inventions and add to the literatures on inventor mobility and intellectual property management.     

一道填数题的两种解法

本文通过实例给出了用行列式的性质及筛选的方法巧解常用的填数题。     

基于技术知识基础的企业成为关键研发者的影响研究——科学能力的调节效应分析

基于知识理论,以生物制药行业228家企业自2005到2015年的专利数据和SCI论文发表数据为样本,利用Logistic回归分析企业技术知识基础广度、深度以及科学能力对其成为行业关键研发者影响效应。研究发现,企业技术知识基础广度和深度与其成为关键研发者之间为倒U型关系;而科学能力对这一关系起到负向调节作用,即科学能力削弱了技术知识基础广度、深度与企业成为关键研发者之间的倒U型关系。     

理性危机与表征难题的实践解决

传统科学实在论与科学的社会建构共享着表征主义的科学观。表征主义使“实在论与反实在论”之争陷入了一种“理性的危机”,即传统的科学哲学实在论把科学家看成是“理性傀儡”或“规范傀儡”,社会建构主义则把科学家变成了“利益傀儡”,结果使科学研究陷入不可自拔的认识是否能够真实地反映实在的“方法论的恐惧”之中。用作为实践和文化的科学,取代作为知识的表征的科学,给与“实在”以动态的、生成的、过程的解释,是消解这类“危机”,并拯救科学的社会建构理论的批判成果的可行途径。     

知识元素网络搜索与突破性技术发明形成

突破性技术发明在企业参与全球技术和市场竞争中的作用已经得到广泛认可,但如何通过知识搜索和重组形成突破性技术发明仍是学术界和企业界关注的热点问题。本文基于知识搜索重组视角和社会网络理论,考察知识元素网络搜索与突破性技术发明形成的关系,并基于团队学习理论揭示发明人团队特征的调节作用。然后,利用美国专利商标局（USPTO）1995-2010年纳米技术领域6132条授权发明专利进行实证检验,结果发现：（1）知识元素的网络中心度越低,占据结构洞位置越少,突破性技术发明形成的概率越高。（2）与合作发明人相比,单独发明人搜索网络中心度较低和结构洞较少的知识元素创造产生突破性技术发明的概率更高。（3）发明人团队技术经验越丰富,搜索网络中心度较低和结构洞较少的知识元素创造产生突破性技术发明的概率越高。本研究从知识元素网络和发明人团队视角系统揭示了突破性技术发明的形成机制,对企业面向突破性技术发明的发明人团队构建及知识组合战略实施具有重要启示。     

某车型方向盘下沉问题分析与改善

文章针对某车型方向盘下沉与护罩干涉现象,从五个末端故障因素进行分析,最终确定故障因素为零部件不良。通过CAE仿真分析和方向盘下沉试验,最终得出方向盘下沉是由方向盘花键套锥度比尺寸不良造成的。改进后的方向盘结构能够有效防止方向盘下沉。     

E-Mail as Spectroscopy: Automated Discovery of Community Structure within Organizations

We describe a method for the automatic identification of communities of practice from e-mail logs within an organization. We use a betweenness centrality algorithm that can rapidly find communities within a graph representing information flows. We apply this algorithm to an initial e-mail corpus of nearly 1 million messages collected over a 2-month span, and show that the method is effective at identifying true communities, both formal and informal, within these scale-free graphs. This approach also enables the identification of leadership roles within the communities. These studies are complemented by a qualitative evaluation of the results in the field.     

糖生物学--破解基因组功能的必由之路

介绍了糖生物学研究的意义和动态,包括糖链与糖结合蛋白识别介导的细胞黏附,糖链在新生肽链折叠过程中、在免疫系统中、在细胞信号传导中的作用,糖链与微生物感染、糖链代谢疾病、糖链的化学合成与分析,以及糖生物学研究的特点和发展趋势.     

E-Mail as Spectroscopy: Automated Discovery of Community Structure within Organizations

We describe a method for the automatic identification of communities of practice from e-mail logs within an organization. We use a betweenness centrality algorithm that can rapidly find communities within a graph representing information flows. We apply this algorithm to an initial e-mail corpus of nearly 1 million messages collected over a 2-month span, and show that the method is effective at identifying true communities, both formal and informal, within these scale-free graphs. This approach also enables the identification of leadership roles within the communities. These studies are complemented by a qualitative evaluation of the results in the field.     

Announcing the First Results from Daya Bay Discovery of a New Kind of Neutrino Transformation- Discovery of a New Kind of Neutrino Transformation

On March 8, 2012, the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, a multinational collaboration operating in the south of China, reported the first results of its search for lhe last, most elusive piece of ...     

论自身潜能的发现

一个人能否成功、能否发挥最大优势,与其是否发现自身潜能有很大关系.只有把奋斗的目标建立在与自身潜能相适应的基础上,才有实现成功的希望与可能.     

Discovery of the Rosette Eye

At a distance of about 5,000 light years from the Earth ,lies the Rosette Nebula, aninterstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen gas and plasma named ＂rose.＂ In the densest ridge of its parent molecular cloud, a team of international astrophysicists led by Dr. LI Jinzeng with the CAS National Astronomical Observatories witnessed the emergence of a baby massive star from its cocoon.     

组合投资决策问题的转轴方法

限制卖空的情形下，本文提出了一种求解高维数组合投资问题的转轴方法。该方法的优点在于能够处理各投资项目之间的协方差矩阵为半正定的情形。     

基于本体的企业知识发现系统架构

知识发现能从企业的海量数据中发现有用的知识,而本体是以形式化方法表示的高度共享的概念模型.将本体和知识发现结合起来,提出一个基于本体的企业知识发现系统架构,该架构为知识发现系统或知识管理系统的开发提供了一种有益的思路,使企业在更广泛的范围内实现真正意义上的知识共享与重用成为可能.