Terahertz PT technology for measurement of multiphase flow and its infrared simulation

INTRODUCTION Multiphase flow is normal phenomena in indus- try. In past decades, investigations on multiphase flow measurement were mostly focused on the proc- ess tomography (PT) technology (Li, 2000), including electrical capacitance PT, electrical resistance PT, electromagnetism PT, X-ray PT, Ultrasonic PT and so on. Unfortunately, these PT technologies are not good enough to meet industrial requirements because of the image reconstruction quality, cost or safety. In recent year…     

高压水合物浆液多相流动实验相分率测量设计

相分率是多相流工艺计算中一个非常重要的参数,准确地测量相分率对于建立预测精度较高的多相流计算模型具有重要意义。为了可以在新建成的高压水合物实验环路上对其管内流体的相分率进行实时在线的测量,采用3台单能伽玛传感器分别进行离线标定测量与实时在线测量,通过环路自身的数据采集系统(DAQ)与单能信号采集系统(DAU)对测量数据进行采集,并输入到离线计算软件中进行计算得出管内流体的相分率。初步实验证明此设计具有较好的适用性且测量精度较理想。     

Investigation of oil-air two-phase mass flow rate measurement using Venturi and void fraction sensor

INTRODUCTION Accurate measurement of multiphase fluids flow rates in the petroleum industry is of great importance. The most reliable measurement technique for multi-phase flow is separating the mixture and using con-ventional devices for measuring single-phase flow. However, in many cases the separation is not practical from both technical and economical points of view. An alternative solution is the multiphase flow me-tering system, usually consisting of a combination of devices for ph…     

Measurement of oil volume fraction and velocity distributions in vertical oil-in-water flows using ERT and a local probe

INTRODUCTION The need for metering multiphase flow in the petroleum industry has been evident for many years. Considerable research has been conducted into this field for developing a suitable flowmeter which can be used in industrial environments. Various tech- nologies have been employed, and among which the tomographic techniques are increasingly being used. Process tomography is an emerging measure- ment technology with applications in a broad range of industries. It is non-invasive a…     

Effect of particle loading on heat transfer enhancement in a gas-solid suspension cross flow

Heat transfer between gas-solid multiphase flow and tubes occurs in many industry processes, such as circulating fluidized bed process, pneumatic conveying process, chemical process, drying process, etc. This paper focuses on the influence of the presence of particles on the heat transfer between a tube and gas-solid suspension. The presence of particles causes positive enhancement of heat transfer in the case of high solid loading ratio, but heat transfer reduction has been found for in the case of very low solid loading ratio (M _s of less than 0.05 kg/kg). A useful correlation incorporating solid loading ratio, particle size and flow Reynolds number was derived from experimental data. In addition, thek-∈ two-equation model and the Fluctuation-Spectrum-Random-Trajectory Model (FSRT Model) are used to simulate the flow field and heat transfer of the gasphase and the solid-phase, respectively. Through coupling of the two phases the model can predict the local and total heat transfer characteristics of tube in gas-solid cross flow. For the total heat transfer enhancement due to particles loading the model predictions agreed well with experimental data. Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 50025618)     

两相流流速的差动自相关测量法

该文提出了一种基于差动自相关原理的两相流流速测量方法,从理论上进行分析,指出该方法只产生一路信号,可降低对系统的对称性要求,简化电路,提高灵敏度和抗干扰能力,减少了相关分析的数据处理工作量,并采用电容式传感器建立了一套气固两相流流速测量系统.实验数据表明有较高的精确度和良好的重复性.     

Inverstigation on the Separated Turbulent Flow Field in Dual Rectangular Jets

In the present paper,the flow field of dual rectangular jets was numerically simulated by solving the full Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations,where the RNG κ-ε model and the finite volume method were used.The flow structure in dual rectangular jets and the effects of the velocity were investigated.The numerical results agree qualitatively with the experimental data.     

上海地区第四系地下水流系统特征

上海地区地下水流系统是长江三角洲系统的一个子系统,但由于河口三角洲这一独特环境,使其独具特征.第四纪海平面的升降与河口三角洲沉积两种作用此消彼长,成为主导本区地下水流系统形成与演化的重要因素,地下水主要通过大气降水的淡化稀释作用、越流混合作用和阳离子交换作用进行化学演化.研究表明,各含水层无论封闭程度、水动力特征、水化学特征及其演化方式,均有明显不同,据此在研究区划分出三个地下水流系统.     

Numerical prediction of vortex flow and thermal separation in a subsonic vortex tube

INTRODUCTION Vortex tube is a device for producing hot and cold air when compressed air flows tangentially into the vortex chamber through the inlet nozzles. This causes the vortex and swirl flow movement inside the vortex tube. The air in the middle region of the tube has lower velocity and lower temperature than the inlet air. So the air near the tube wall has higher ve-locity and higher temperature than the inlet air. The cold air in the core region of the tube flows out through the o…     

水环多联集成空调系统在北方大型建筑中的应用

首先,设计了一种水环多联式集成空调（WLVRF）系统.该系统节能环保,是多联机、水环路和空气源热泵的集成产物,适用于北方大型建筑中.其中,水环路替代制冷剂管路承担了建筑各区域间能量转移的任务,从而减小了单台多联机的规模,提高了机组效率.然后,应用现有的制冷剂和建筑负荷模型,以DATAFIT和MATLAB软件为工具,建立了该系统中各主要组成设备及其他组件的集总参数法数学模型,并模拟了系统性能.通过市场调查,计算出系统的初始投资和运行费.最后,将WLVRF系统和传统多联机（VRF）系统进行比较,结果显示WLVRF系统具有更优良的运行工况,运行费用更低.     

Design of fan beam optical sensor and its application in mass flow rate measurement of pneumatically conveyed solids

INTRODUCTION Measurement technology for gas-solid two phase flow has important applications in fields such as process measurement, forecast and control in in- dustry (Teng et al., 2002). At present, most optical measurement methods, such as LDV (Laser Doppler Velocimetry), Laser Dust Particles Measurement Device, use an optical sensor probe that only yields information on a single point or a partial area in the flow field and cannot yield instantaneous multi-ori- entation flow states.…     

Numerical investigation of cavitating flow behind the cone of a poppet valve in water hydraulic system

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of cavitating flow through water hydraulic poppet valves were performed using advanced RNGk-epsilon turbulence model. The flow was turbulent, incompressible and unsteady, for Reynolds numbers greater than 43000. The working fluid was water, and the structure of the valve was simplified as a two dimensional axisymmetric geometrical model. Flow field visualization was numerically achieved. The effects of inlet velocity, outlet pressure, opening size as well as poppet angle on cavitation intensity in the poppet valve were numerically investigated. Experimental flow visualization was conducted to capture cavitation images near the orifice in the poppet valve with 30° poppet angle using high speed video camera. The binary cavitating flow field distribution obtained from digital processing of the original cavitation image showed a good agreement with the numerical result. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59835160) and Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry of China (No. 50175097)     

圆截面正交旋转直管流动的Galerkin解

根据在直角坐标系下建立的旋转直管内的流体流动方程,采用Galerkin 方法编写了相应的数值计算程序,然后对不同Re数和Ro数条件下的管内层流流动进行了求解,从而基于Galerkin 方法的特点获得了问题的高阶半解析解,有效地克服了摄动解的小参数局限.最后,研究了对圆截面正交旋转直管内的二次流动特性.     

影响连续流动分析法测定烟草钾含量的因素

研究连续流动分析法检测烟草钾含量过程中火焰强度、进样速度、进样试剂、进样流量等因素对结果的影响,结果表明火焰强度、进样速度、进样试剂、进样流量对测试仪器的基线及峰形影响不大,但对结果的准确度、稳定性有一定的影响。     

Individual differences in an English learning achievement system: gaming flow experience,gender differences and learning motivation

Despite the growing interest in digital game-based learning (DGBL), there has been a lack of attention paid to the effects of individual differences, such as gaming flow experience and gender differences, in a reward-based achievement system. To this end, this study developed an achievement system with a reward mechanism to facilitate English learning. This study investigated how individuals’ gaming flow experience levels affected their levels of learning motivation, and whether any gender differences existed in gaming flow experience and learning motivation while engaging in the achievement system. The results showed that gaming flow experience significantly predicted learning motivation, whereby the students with high gaming flow experience were six times more likely to have high learning motivation than those with low gaming flow experience. Subsequent analysis showed that the female students had significantly higher gaming flow than the male students, but the male and female students showed similar learning motivation. Furthermore, the results indicated that the male students achieved more interactive rewards than the female students, but no significant differences were found in the male and female students’ achievement of other types of rewards. Based on these findings, the authors contribute to the literature by developing a framework which can be applied to support designers to accommodate individual differences in DGBL.     

机械传动系统中优化齿轮减速传动比的分析

为了减少机械伺服系统中机械传动的能耗,提出并分析了通过优化传动系统中齿轮减速传动比来减少能耗的方法,并与传统的惯量匹配法进行比较。结果表明,应用优化齿轮减速比方法可以比惯量匹配法大大减少了能耗。     

Motion and orientation of cylindrical and cubic particles in pipe flow with high concentration and high particle to pipe size ratio

Lattice Boltzmann method was used to numerically investigate the motion and orientation distribution of cylindrical and cubic particles in pipe flow with high concentration and high particle to pipe size ratio. The transient impulse model of 3D collisions between particles and between particle and wall is proposed. The numerical results are qualitatively in agreement with and quantitatively comparable to the experiment data. The results show that the increases of both the cylindrical particle to pipe size ratio and the particle aspect ratio decrease the rotation about all axes. All rotations of cubic particles decrease with increasing the particle concentration. The cubic particles, rotating more drastically in the flow with large Reynolds number, rotate faster than the cylindrical particles with the same size. The cylindrical particles align with the flow direction more obviously with decreasing Reynolds numbers. However, the orientations of cubic particles are spread all over the range with no significant difference in magnitude, and the Reynolds numbers have no obvious effect on the orientations of cubic particles.     

Experiments and sensitivity analyses for heat transfer in a meter-scale regularly fractured granite model with water flow

Experiments of saturated water flow and heat transfer were conducted for a meter-scale model of regularly fractured granite. The fractured rock model (height 1502.5 mm, width 904 mm, and thickness 300 mm), embedded with two vertical and two horizontal fractures of pre-set apertures, was constructed using 18 pieces of intact granite. The granite was taken from a site currently being investigated for a high-level nuclear waste repository in China. The experiments involved different heat source temperatures and vertical water fluxes in the embedded fractures either open or filled with sand. A finite difference scheme and computer code for calculation of water flow and heat transfer in regularly fractured rocks was developed, verified against both the experimental data and calculations from the TOUGH2 code, and employed for parametric sensitivity analyses. The experiments revealed that, among other things, the temperature distribution was influenced by water flow in the fractures, especially the water flow in the vertical fracture adjacent to the heat source, and that the heat conduction between the neighboring rock blocks in the model with sand-filled fractures was enhanced by the sand, with larger range of influence of the heat source and longer time for approaching asymptotic steady-state than those of the model with open fractures. The temperatures from the experiments were in general slightly smaller than those from the numerical calculations, probably due to the fact that a certain amount of outward heat transfer at the model perimeter was unavoidable in the experiments. The parametric sensitivity analyses indicated that the temperature distribution was highly sensitive to water flow in the fractures, and the water temperature in the vertical fracture adjacent to the heat source was rather insensitive to water flow in other fractures.