Developing a new similarity measure from two different perspectives

In this paper two distinct similarity measures in a document vector space, the distance-based and angle-based similarity measures, are compared, and a newly developed similarity measure based upon both the distance and angle strengths of two compared objects is presented. The concept of the iso-extent contour, which facilitates the understanding of the nature of the newly developed similarity measure, is introduced. The three different similarity measures are compared and the properties of the newly developed similarity measure are addressed.     

Knowledge economy measurement: Methods, results and insights from the Malaysian Knowledge Content Study

Building on a conceptual model of knowledge content, we discuss the methodology and results of a project to develop sectoral knowledge content measures in Malaysia. Through a survey of over 1800 Malaysian firms in 18 manufacturing and services industries, levels of knowledge content are assessed by sector. Industries vary in their emphasis on specific knowledge content components. Positive associations between technological innovation and at least one knowledge content variable are evident across all but four industries, although generally the results suggest that knowledge-based innovation is modest in Malaysia. Further insights and opportunities for policy from tracking knowledge content are considered.     

Honor classes in China's higher education: perspectives from four universities

Ever since the University of Science and Technology of China started the Special Class for the Gifted Young in 1978, many Chinese universities have set up their own honor classes under different names such as Gifted Young Class, Basic Science Class, Experimental Class or Elite Class. These are often small classes; some emphasize mathematics and physics, aiming to cultivate talents with broad basic knowledge, while others focus on a particular discipline, such as computer science. In 2011, the Chinese Ministry of Education started the Experimental Program for the Cultivation of Top Talents in Basic Sciences, which boosted a new round of honor classes.How do these classes cultivate their students? Which kinds of special strategies are employed? Have they indeed fostered outstanding graduates? How did the students develop after graduation? On the other hand, are these classes a violation of the spirit of ‘equity in education’? Trying to answer these questions, in this NSR forum chaired by Professor Zhenjiang Hu, educators from four Chinese universities exchanged their experiences, views and perspectives on running the honor classes. Baoquan Chen Executive Director of the Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University. (Turing Class, Peking University.) Changqing Chen Professor and Head of the Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University. (Tsien Excellence in Engineering Program, Tsinghua University.) Zhenyu Li Professor of the School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China. (School of the Gifted Young, University of Science and Technology of China.) Yong Yu Professor of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. (ACM Class, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.) Ming Zhang Chair of the ACM Special Interest Group of Computer Science Education (SIGCSE) China; Professor of the School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University. Zhenjiang Hu (Chair) Dean of School of Computer Science, Peking University.     

Science in the everyday world: Why perspectives from the history of science matter

The history of science is more than the history of scientists. This essay argues that various modem "publics" should be counted as belonging within an enlarged vision of who constitutes the "scientific community"--and describes how the history of science could be important for understanding their experiences. It gives three examples of how natural knowledge-making happens in vernacular contexts: Victorian Britain's publishing experiments in "popular science" as effective literary strategies for communicating to lay and specialist readers; twentieth-century American science museums as important and contested sites for conveying both scientific ideas and ideas about scientific practice; and contemporary mass-mediated images of the "ideal" scientist as providing counternarratives to received professional scientific norms. Finally, it suggests how humanistic knowledge might help both scientists and historians grapple more effectively with contemporary challenges presented by science in public spheres. By studying the making and elaboration of scientific knowledge within popular culture, historians of science can provide substantively grounded insights into the relations between the public and professionals.     

Comparison of crowdsourcing platforms from social-psychological and motivational perspectives

The increasing need to compete in innovation and the prevalence of IT in social and economic interactions have led to greater globalization in innovation sourcing, particularly through online crowdsourcing platforms. Crowdsourcing platform participation, a phenomenon inadequately covered, is an instance of providing an innovative solution or idea intertwined with personal and social factors that interact to result in a behavior. A better understanding of the impact of social factors and participants’ hedonic, utilitarian, and social motivations can guide the design and management of these crowdsourcing platforms to foster sustained engagement. This study considered the competitive and social nature of these platforms and analyzed participation intentions from a novel standpoint—a combination of motivational and socio-cognitive perspectives and their relationships within two different types of crowdsourcing platforms: Atizo’s third-party-hosted community and Nokia’s brand-hosted IdeasProject community. A comparison of these two types of crowdsourcing platforms for the same activity of ideation at an individual level revealed differences in behavior determinants based on the platform host type, domain specificity, and mechanisms supporting different motives and social factors.     

共享身体表征：心智阅读起源的具身匹配论

有关人类心智阋读的起源一直是发展心理学与心灵哲学的“难问题”。匹配论作为一种旨在解释该问题的元理论,提出了自我与他人的经验匹配观,但囿于核心机制的匮乏而陷入困境。伴随具身认知科学的兴起和镜像神经元的发现,使得经典匹配论的假设得以在具身认知视角下进行检验。具身匹配论认为人类心智阅读源自镜像系统的“共享身体表征”作用。这种具身化的方式将自我与他人的经验直接匹配起来,并最终实现自我与他人的同一性。     

Long pentraxin 3 as a marker of COVID-19 severity: evidences and perspectives

IntroductionSeveral laboratory tests are characteristically altered in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), but are not totally accurate in predicting the disease outcome. The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is quickly released directly at inflammation sites by many immune cell types. Previous studies have shown that PTX3 correlated with disease severity in various inflammatory conditions. Our study investigated the use of PTX3 as a potential marker of COVID-19 severity and compared its performance in detecting a more severe form of the disease with that of routine laboratory parameters.Materials and methodsStored serum samples of RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases that had been obtained at hospital admission were retrospectively analysed. Intensive care unit (ICU) stay was considered a surrogate endpoint of severe COVID-19. Pentraxin 3 was measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsA total of 96 patients were recruited from May 1st, 2020 to June 30th, 2020; 75/96 were transferred to ICU. Pentraxin 3 was higher in ICU vs non-ICU patients (35.86 vs 10.61 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models demonstrated that the only significant laboratory predictor of ICU stay was PTX3 (OR: 1.68 (1.19-2.29), P = 0.003), after controlling for comorbidities. The Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis showed that PTX3 had a higher accuracy compared to C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), ferritin in identifying ICU patients (AUC of PTX3 = 0.98; CRP = 0.66; LD = 0.70; ferritin = 0.67, P < 0.001). A cut-off of PTX3 > 18 ng/mL yielded a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 100% in identifying patients requiring ICU.ConclusionHigh values of PTX3 predict a more severe COVID-19.     

创业企业家集权与自主创新意愿：基于内外双重视角的分析

    将领导权力视为重要情境因素外,其直接影响组织创新的内在机理正逐渐受到关注。与以往探讨成熟企业领导权力不同,本研究聚焦创业企业家权力,并从行业类别和信息决策视角剖析了创业企业家集权对自主创新意愿的作用机制。通过获取创业板跨年度创业企业样本,运用随机效应Tobit模型和随机效应负二项模型进行实证研究。研究结果表明：①企业家集权更能激发创业企业自主创新意愿;②识别行业要素类别发现,该集权配置对技术密集型行业创业企业自主创新更为有效,而在非技术密集型行业创业企业中则存在负向效应;③提高跨层知识异质程度会增强企业家集权对自主创新意愿的促进作用;④行业要素类别对企业家集权与自主创新意愿的调节还依赖于跨层知识异质程度。据此提出针对创业企业创新管理实践和经济转型的启示。     

HR捆绑:21世纪人力资源管理的新视角

HR捆绑是近几年出现的人力资源研究和实践的新视角。本文运用战略性人力资源理论和资源观理论解释和分析了HR捆绑的含义和作用机制，回顾了其实证研究的结论，并概括了以往HR捆绑研究和实践中的主要不足，在此基础上又进一步提出了HR捆绑研究和实践的两个构思：胜任力为核心的HR捆绑模型和HR动态匹配捆绑模型。     

对我国生物经济发展战略的几点思考

1.生物经济的国际发展在学术界,生物经济(Bioe-conomy)的概念最早于2000年5月由美国管理咨询专家斯坦·戴维斯(Stan Davis)和克里斯托弗·迈耶(Christopher Meyer)提出。上海《经济展望》杂志几乎同时提出了     

信息系统开发团队知识整合的影响因素分析——基于相似吸引理论与社会融合的研究视角

知识整合能力是当代企业在激烈竞争环境中立足并保持竞争优势所必须拥有的重要能力。本研究关注于信息系统开发(ISD)项目中知识整合的影响因素。尽管目前大部分研究表明信息系统开发(ISD)项目团队的多样性可显著的降低知识资源风险,但成员组成的多样性也可能会导致冲突的产生并降低团队绩效。本研究认为有别于多样性,团队成员间的相似性也会影响成员的互动,它们是实现知识整合有效性的基础。本研究基于相似-吸引理论探讨相似和吸引对于知识整合的效应,本文提出影响ISD团队中知识整合的三个相似因素(人口统计学、认知和目标相似性)、并以社会融合作为中间变量连接相似吸引理论与知识整合,本研究采用74个ISD项目团队中的264个参与者的实地调研资料来进行实证检验,实证结果显示人口统计学相似性和目标相似性会影响成员间的人际吸引,激发成员间的社会融合并最终促进团队成员间的知识整合。研究结果表明ISD项目经理可通过关注团队成员的组成来有意识地提升团队的知识整合,因为相似性和吸引可潜在地影响ISD项目团队中的知识整合。     

Bass模型族有关技术扩散社会化过程的研究——从社会资本角度的认识

从社会资本的有关理论出发探讨了Bass模型的社会学内涵,认为Bass模型在技术扩散领域内的扩展多是围绕着对技术扩散社会化过程进行更为详细和精确的描述而展开的,但是这些扩展的模型在技术扩散的社会互动过程的描述方面仍然存在着很大的可供改进的空间;最后提出了对Bass模型进一步改进的研究方向。     

From farm and family to career naturalist: the apprenticeship of Vernon Bailey

How are scientists made? How, as young adults, have they discovered a scientific vocation and career? Through formal schooling, typically; but in the field sciences also through practical apprenticeship--through work. This essay presents the story of a frontier farm lad who became a career naturalist as a hired collector of animal specimens in the American West. Family and work are the leitmotifs of Vernon Bailey's story. It was family farming--bringing in the hay and finding the cows--that connected Bailey's love of skilled outdoor work with a desire to know nature scientifically. Traveling and working with professional naturalists, he came to see himself as a professional as well. His socialization was less a replacement than a layering of two identities, family and career.     

跨组织技术创新合作动因的两视角分析

本文在产业生命周期理论对跨组织技术创新影响动因分析的基础上,指出了交易费用理论在解释跨组织技术创新动因方面的不足,阐明组织资源的合作创造功能,以及社会资本对企业技术创新合作的促动作用,从产业技术生命周期与企业资源两个视角,探索跨组织技术创新合作的动因。     

Google trends identifying seasons of religious gathering: applied to investigate the correlation between crowding and flu outbreak

In medical research, mass gathering is considered as one of the intensifying factors for respiratory disease outbreaks. An annual crowding event happens during Muslims’ religious practices of Hajj in Saudi Arabia. Another smaller ritual happens all year round, known as Umrah. While Hajj season is recognized, Umrah seasonality is challenging to identify. This paper uses data from Google Trends to identify Umrah seasons for performers from the Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. It then investigates the correlation between mass gathering events as it affects the flu spread in the Eastern Province through the use of data. Patient data from a hospital was obtained to find flu seasonality and compared to crowding seasons. Google Trend data was confirmed by a limited dataset of official Umrah data and Flu data was confirmed by official FluNet data from neighboring country, Bahrain. An Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) approach has been followed to identify the seasonality. Cross-correlation analysis found a strong positive correlation between crowding seasons and flu outbreaks in the Eastern Province with a forward shift of flu data for three months.     

团队错误中学习对成员创造力的跨层次影响:基于无形资本视角

组织及团队创新源于个体创造力的涌现,如何有效管理团队以提升成员创造力是组织管理实践的挑战。以无形资本为视角构建跨层次模型,探讨人力资本、社会连带对知识共享及创造力的影响、团队错误中学习的跨层次作用。研究结果发现:人力资本、社会连带对知识共享及创造力均有显著正向影响;知识共享部分中介人力资本、社会连带与创造力之间的关系;错误中学习可强化人力资本、社会连带与创造力之间的正向关系;错误中学习可强化专门人力资本、工具连带与知识共享之间的正向关系;但是,错误中学习对通用人力资本、情感连带与知识共享之间关系的调节作用未得到支持。     

湖北省猪粪管理温室气体减排潜力分析

畜禽粪便是农业温室气体排放的主要来源之一,合理的粪便管理方式可以降低温室气体排放,同时还能减少畜牧业环境污染.本文以湖北省为案例,通过对不同生猪养殖规模的调研,确定各自适宜的粪便处理模式.以IPCC(2006)中计算畜禽粪便温室气体排放的方法为基础,分析生猪粪便温室气体排放因子的现状和优化值,预测由粪便管理模式改进所带来的减排潜力.结果表明,在2012年的养殖规模和养殖模式不变的情况下,粪便管理优化后CH₄排放因子仅为现状值的29.12%,N₂O排放因子比现状减少34.13%,温室气体减排潜力可以达到468.31万t CO₂-eq.不同养殖规模减排重点各有侧重,农户散养应以控制CH₄排放为主,而规模养殖则需关注N₂O减排.山区的减排重点为农户散养,其它地区则应关注规模养殖粪便管理模式的优化.结合区域自然条件和生猪养殖规模等选取合理的猪粪管理方式,是实现温室气体减排的有效措施.