Non-coding RNAs as potent tools for crop improvement

<正>Since the seminal discovery of small interfering RNAs(si RNAs)[1]more than 10 years ago,signiicant progress has been made in understanding plant non-coding RNAs(nc RNAs).he irst discovery was the diferent types of small nc RNAs,including micro RNAs(mi RNAs)and various types of si RNAs[2].hese small RNAs difer in their origins and biogenesis,but their inal products function in a similar way,i.e.to silence genes of complimentary sequences.     

Use of widgets as information management tools in online shared spaces

Online shared spaces are destinations where people of common interests interact to achieve common goals or borrow each other's expertise for personal pursuits. Due to a multitude of users, such spaces generate large amounts of content, thus creating a potential for information overload. To deal with it, users of online shared spaces develop information management strategies that frequently involve the use of information technology. In this paper we present a case study of the use of widgets as information management tools in uCern, an online shared workspace where healthcare industry stakeholders get involved in various types of interactions. To understand how widgets served the purpose of information management and whether they were considered useful, we administered an online questionnaire (n = 183) followed by qualitative interviews (n = 5). Data analysis revealed that study participants used widgets as tools that promoted their situation and activity awareness of events and activities going on in uCern and helped them with organizing and accessing the content in a quick and efficient manner. We also describe issues associated with the use of widgets and their usefulness as reported by participants and propose implications for design and development of online shared spaces in relation to information management tools.     

Evaluating impact from research: A methodological framework

BackgroundInterest in impact evaluation has grown rapidly as research funders increasingly demand evidence that their investments lead to public benefits.AimsThis paper analyses literature to provide a new definition of research impact and impact evaluation, develops a typology of research impact evaluation designs, and proposes a methodological framework to guide evaluations of the significance and reach of impact that can be attributed to research.MethodAn adapted Grounded Theory Analysis of research impact evaluation frameworks drawn from cross-disciplinary peer-reviewed and grey literature.ResultsRecognizing the subjective nature of impacts as they are perceived by different groups in different times, places and cultures, we define research impact evaluation as the process of assessing the significance and reach of both positive and negative effects of research.Five types of impact evaluation design are identified encompassing a range of evaluation methods and approaches: i) experimental and statistical methods; ii) textual, oral and arts-based methods; iii) systems analysis methods; iv) indicator-based approaches; and v) evidence synthesis approaches.Our guidance enables impact evaluation design to be tailored to the aims and context of the evaluation, for example choosing a design to establish a body of research as a necessary (e.g. a significant contributing factor amongst many) or sufficient (e.g. sole, direct) cause of impact, and choosing the most appropriate evaluation design for the type of impact being evaluated.ConclusionUsing the proposed definitions, typology and methodological framework, researchers, funders and other stakeholders working across multiple disciplines can select a suitable evaluation design and methods to evidence the impact of research from any discipline.     

企业技术核心能力增长:以华北制药、长虹为例

技术核心能力的建立与提高是我国企业获取竞争优势的重要来源 ,也是我国企业管理的重点和难点。本文首先从知识创造角度出发 ,提出企业技术核心能力的增长机理。然后 ,以这个机制为基础 ,重点剖析华北制药和长虹的技术核心能力增长过程     

女性慢性盆腔疼痛误诊为尿路感染4例分析

目的 报道4例女性慢性盆腔疼痛误诊为尿路感染的诊治经验。方法 回顾4例女性慢性盆腔疼痛误诊为尿路感染病人，复查尿常规、盆腔B超等均无异常，肛诊发现4例病人盆底肌肉压痛明显，均给予盆底肌肉放松练习治疗。结果4例病人中，3例痊愈，随访5月-1年无复发，余1例病人症状改善，治疗2月后失随访。结论 慢性盆腔疼痛病人出现下尿路症状是误诊为尿路感染的主要原因，加深对本病的认识是避免误诊误治的关键。     

方法移植对科学计量学研究的方法论启示

科学计量学是一门发展中的学科,目前学科的发展遇到了缺乏研究方法论层面的创新的瓶颈。本文从方法移植的角度讨论了科学计量学与其他学科的联系,结合科学计量学当中方法移植的案例进行了说明,并且借用隐喻的概念从理论上进行了探讨,最后讨论了方法移植应用于科学计量学研究的可能性和可能出现的问题。     

TRIZ理论常用分析工具及应用

TRIZ作为现代设计中强有力的设计理论,包括了发明原理、物一场分析和效应原理等常用分析工具,不仅在发达国家及大型企业中发挥着重要的作用,在人们的日常生活中也能紧密相连,应用TRIZ解决现实生活中的问题会使其变得更加容易.     

Investigating use continuance of data mining tools

While improving decisional quality is important to businesses, continued use of DMTs is a critical issue for managerial personnel. This problem mainly concerns the willingness of an individual to participate in the behavior. It can be further defined in a routine-based working behavior. This problem essentially involves three key issues, task fit, technology use, and habit. This study therefore integrates task-technology fit (TTF) model, expectation–confirmation mode (ECM), and habit, to examine the determinants of continued use of DMTs. Prior studies have focused on intention to use DMTs in the first time and only considered part of the three issues for identifying the determinants. 285 respondents from managerial personnel were collected to empirically evaluate this research model. The three issues are all important in influencing continuance use intention of DMTs. In particular, the task-technology fit indicates a direct effect on two factors of the technology use issue, user satisfaction and perceived usefulness, and an indirect effect on continuance use intention. User satisfaction and perceived usefulness, and habit are the key predictors of continuance use intention.     

付费有声书知识服务满意度研究——以“樊登读书”为例

【目的/意义】知识付费带动了付费有声书的兴起与发展,有声书知识服务成为一种新的知识服务模式。对有声书知识服务用户满意度的研究有助于有声书平台提升用户服务,促进有声书市场的健康发展。【方法/过程】本文以有声书平台——“樊登读书”为研究对象,基于用户评论、用户访谈与文献调研构建了评价付费有声书知识服务用户满意度的指标体系,并结合问卷调查与访谈对“樊登读书”当前的用户满意度展开具体分析。【结果/结论】丰富了付费有声书领域的学术研究,从满意度评价角度入手,给出改进当前付费有声书平台知识服务的建议。内容与知识效用是付费有声书平台的核心竞争优势与用户吸引点,服务与价格是制约用户满意度的重要维度。付费有声书知识服务可以从赋能用户、优化功能、促进社交、丰富内容与灵活定价等方面提高用户满意度。     

企业核心能力动态演化分析:东信、长虹与海尔

本从内部结构与外部形态两个方面来认识企业核心能力。从内部总结来看，核心能力的本质在于整合，提出由战略整合能力、组织整合能力、技术整合能力构成的三层次模型。从外部形态来看，根据整合能力三个层次由弱到强的演化，整合能力依次经过基本能力、次核心能力、核心能力三个层次。在此基础上，本分析东信、长虹和海尔核心能力的动态演化过程，以从中发现我国企业核心能力演化的特点，为其他企业加速核心能力建设提供借鉴。