高技术产业与国家科技投入协调性研究

研究高技术产业、国家科技投入系统间的耦合作用机理是创新驱动背景要求下促进地区经济协调发展的基础。作为相互关联的两个系统,高技术产业与国家科技投入耦合协调度处于什么水平？本文运用主成分分析与其他相关协调度模型(一般耦合协调模型、熵变方程法、灰色关联)相结合的手段,探究了2008年-2016年间高技术产业与国家科技投入两系统的现状、发展速度内在耦合协调性。研究结果表明：就两系统发展评分而言,两子系统从2008年的中度失调发展为2016年的勉强协调;就两系统的发展速度而言,国家科技投入增长速度明显滞后于高技术产业发展步伐。     

基于DEA-Tobit模型的科技金融效率影响因素研究

运用DEA-Tobit模型对我国2009—2014年24个省市的面板数据进行实证分析,以高技术企业、政府和创投企业这三个科技金融主体为视角探索各因素对科技金融效率的影响。研究表明,随着科技金融投入的不断增加,科技金融效率并未提高;高技术企业总产值占GDP比重、创投企业数量和创投企业吸引投资金额是影响科技金融效率的重要因素。提出提高财政资金监管力度、合理配置科技资源、扩大高技术产业规模、积极引导创投企业发展等政策含义。     

基于地区分级的内蒙古科技创新效率评价

采用DEA方法首先对全国29个省市自治区的科技创新效率进行分级评价,共划分出四个级别,内蒙古自治区的科技创新效率处于第四个级别.分析发现,与第一二级别的地区相比,内蒙古的创新效率不足体现为投入资源的浪费和高技术产业发展不够,与第三级别的地区相比,效率不足的原因主要表现为科技创新投入规模不够.针对问题产生的原因对内蒙古的科技创新工作提出相应的建议.     

我国基础科学研究的发展与高校的对策

(一) 我国科技工作的战略布局,大体上可分为三个层次:第一个层次,是直接为在本世纪末国民生产总值翻两番的战略目标服务的研究和开发工作,包括国家五年经济发展计划中的科技攻关计划、技术改造计划、新产品试制计划、“星火计划”、“丰收计划”和科技扶贫等,这是当前科技工作的主战场;第二个层次,是新兴技术和高技术的研究开发与跟踪,其主要任务是争取在若干有重要影响的高技术领域内有重大突破,推动高技术产业的形成和发展,跟踪世界的先进科学技术水平,如“高技术计划”、“火炬计划”等;第三个层次,是基础研究和应用基础研究(两者合称基础性研究,下同)①这是科学技术发展的基础,着眼于国民经济更深入、更广泛、更长远的发展和人类文明的进步。     

关于后金融危机时代加快我国高技术发展的研究

本文分析了金融危机后主要发达国家在高技术研发投入上的变化,研究了各国高技术研发部署重点情况以及高技术研发组织方式的变化特点,并从我国高技术发展的需求、发展水平和下一轮科技革命等方面分析了我国高技术发展面临的机遇,同时也从国际竞争等方面分析了面临的挑战。在此基础上,提出了加快我国高技术发展的若干建议,包括进一步加大高技术研发投入力度、进一步突出高技术研发重点、进一步创新组织方式等。     

基于因子分析的我国省域科技进步研究分析

科技进步是促进社会经济发展的原动力.该文从科技人力投入、科技财力投入、科技活动直接产出、技术成果化、高新技术产业化、科技经济外向度六个角度对全国31个省市的科技进步发展水平进行排序和综合分析,并提出从完善市场机制、以人为本,重视人的作用、推进高技术产业化、实施技术梯度转移、加快技术转化速度,提高经费使用效率等方面提高我国整体科技发展水平的政策建议.     

发展高技术及其产业的政府行为

本文着重考察了冷战结束后，主要发达国家及部分发展中国家发展高技术及其产业的政府行为，从科技领导体制的改革与重组、科技政策和产业政策的变化、国家关键技术的选择、国家技术创新体系的建立以及高技术研究开发投入、国际合作和人才诸方面，分析了政府干预高技术竞争的方式，总结了其成功的经验。在分析我国科技实情的基础上，提出了我国发展高技术及其产业的对策。     

基于三阶段DEA-Tobit模型的省际科技金融效率及其影响因素研究

基于三阶段DEA模型,对我国2015年的省际科技金融效率进行测算,同时利用Tobit模型对科技金融效率的影响因素进行分析。结果表明,我国的省际科技金融效率普遍过低,只有北京、黑龙江、浙江、河南、广东5个省区的技术效率处于技术前沿面,其他省份的技术效率都有待提高;高技术产业的科研经费投入、地区法制化水平、金融发展与技术创新的程度对于科技金融效率都有正向影响,且高技术产业的科研经费投入影响程度最高;高技术产业利润总额占比与政府机构的财政支持度对于科技金融效率的影响有不显著的负向影响。综合以上分析,各地政府应加大高技术产业的科研经费投入,改善经费投入的体系;加大地区法制化水平,保障科技金融市场正常有效的进行;加大金融发展,增进资本积累以及优化资源配置;加大对于科技创新的鼓励,走科技创新内涵路线;各地应监管科研经费,合理分配科学技术财政支出,积极发挥政府的引领作用,保持科技金融效率的持续提升。     

国外政府高技术产业管理的新趋势及启示

当今,国外政府高技术产业管理的新趋势主要包括:注重制定高技术产业规划、建立多元的科技投入机制、注意提高企业创新能力、着力培养高技术人才和积极推动国际科技合作.国外政府高技术产业管理新趋势对我国的启示包括:注重高技术产业规划的战略性与具体性相结合;建立多元化、多渠道的高技术产业投入体系;确立企业技术创新主体地位,提高企业技术创新能力;积极培养开发高技术研发人才及管理人才;促进国际科技合作发展.     

长江经济带科技金融对高技术产业发展的影响研究——基于产业生命周期视角

以长江经济带11省市为研究对象,从产业生命周期视角,运用Logistic模型研判长江经济带高技术产业的发展阶段,分析科技金融与高技术产业发展不同阶段的关系和影响.研究表明,长江经济带下游最先进入快速发展后期;科技金融通过科技资源、政府财政科技投入、市场融资显著影响区域高技术产业发展;技术资本化还不能满足长江经济带高技术...     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.