敦煌石窟摩利支天曼荼罗图像解说

敦煌石窟中的摩利支天曼荼罗及其造像共有三例,即榆林窟第3窟北壁东侧、东千佛洞第5窟、莫高窟第3窟主尊造像。这些壁画或塑像是根据宋代天息灾译《佛说大摩里支菩萨经》绘制的,与公元9-10世纪印度后期密教的图像及其仪轨在印度的流行有着深刻的关系。研究结果表明,宋代天息灾等印度高僧在中原弘传密教翻译密典,不但给予中原的宋代密教以直接的影响,而且还对西夏时代的敦煌佛教产生了深远的影响。     

我们时代的教育学教育——以教师的教育学教育为例

教育学的发展离不开教育学的教育。教育学教育的对象涉及师范生、教育专业的研究生、教师、非教育职业的大众。就针对教育实践者的教育学教育而言,需要以时代为背景,确立教师立场和实践立场,并在此基础上确立教育学教育的目标,包括激发教育学之趣,引发教育学之需,形成教育学之养,养成教育学之眼,培养教育学之觉等。     

问题本位学习在国外职前教师教育中的应用——基于三个实例的分析

在职前教师教育中,传统的"传递取向"的教学存在不少弊端.近些年来,国外职前教师教育机构对于问题本位学习的价值有了更为全面的认识,也更积极地将问题本位学习应用于教学.德国柏林自由大学的巴斯、美国北伊利诺伊大学的舒莫、新加坡国家教育研究所的蔡美玲等都在职前教师教育项目中应用了问题本位学习,通过对这三个应用实例的分析,能够概...     

呼唤现代教师教育学的学科建设

教师教育学是以对基础教育包括中小学和幼儿园教师职前职后一体化的教育为对象,以荟萃其认识成果、揭示其发展规律、指导其实践活动为目标,进而融科研、教学、育人于一体的专门化、应用性知识体系。应在教育学一级学科门下增设教师教育学二级学科,促进教师教育的理论研究,加强对教师教育实践的科学指导。应注重教师教育学科的组织、队伍、专业、课程与教材建设,运用历史和逻辑相结合的研究思维及形而上和形而下、思辨和经验、实证和实地等多种研究方法,对教师教育由低到高、由独立封闭到开放多元的运演轨迹及其主体与客体、目的与手段等要素进行全景式的考察,以建设科学与教学相统一的现代教师教育学科。     

客观因素对译者风格的影响——比较竺法护和鸠摩罗什的佛经翻译

作为中国佛经翻译史上两位的著名翻译家,竺法护和鸠摩罗什分别是翻译手法中直译和意译的代表。该文从两人所处的客观条件的不同对其翻译特点进行分析,以说明客观因素对译者风格的影响。     

Straddling Teacher Candidates’ Two Worlds to Link Practice and Theory: A Self-Study of Successful and Unsuccessful Efforts

Abstract

This self-study examines a teacher educator’s quest to provide an integrated practice-and-theory approach to learning to teach that places the experiences of the teacher candidates at the centre of the curriculum by focussing on their developing questions, challenges and issues through socio-constructivist discussions of their emerging practices. Constraints of university structures with regards to offering such an approach are discussed, including the impact that offering seminars on the university campus rather than in schools has on teacher candidates’ ability to integrate theories and practices of learning to teach. The research questions guiding this study include: How can I understand what process candidates actually undergo during practicum in the development of their ability as teachers vis-à-vis my course?, and How can I re-structure and re-organize my course to enhance the development of candidates’ practice as teachers? Data include interviews with volunteer student participants before and after observations made during classroom visits as well as discussions with groups of students. Analysis is based on reading and rereading the data as well as discussing it with the larger research team. The findings include the realization of how little of my course is integrated into my teacher candidates’ teaching, how much greater the influence of their mentor teacher is, and the extent to which teacher candidates need explicit help and guidance to transform or reframe their teaching. The article concludes with specific suggestions for adjusting a seminar associated with the practicum to enhance the development of a practice-and-theory approach to teaching.     

Understanding Candidates’ Learning Relationships with their Cooperating Teachers: A call to Reframe my Pedagogy

Abstract

This self-study frames the influences of cooperating (or mentor) teachers on teacher candidates in my teacher education classroom as an action-at-a-distance on my pedagogy of teacher education; that is, a tacit set of influences and expectations that teacher candidates develop about my course before it even begins. Interviews with teacher candidates enabled me to develop two conceptual metaphors to think about the relationships candidates develop with cooperating teachers on practicum. The first, freedom with foundation, reflects the fact that teacher candidates hope to have considerable autonomy in their practicum placements while simultaneously having the support from their cooperating teacher to receive meaningful, regular, feedback. The second, power and performance, names the tensions teacher candidates feel in experiencing the practicum as a site of performance rather than as a site of learning. I offer some specific pedagogical ways in which I have responded to these issues before making a turn to self. I examined journal entries from my own experiences as a teacher candidate 20 years ago with a view to understanding the ways in which the two metaphors may have played a role in my own development as a teacher. This research compels me to attend explicitly to action-at-at-distance forces in my teacher education classroom, such as candidates’ relationship with cooperating teachers and my relationships with my former cooperating teachers.     

师范教育中的特殊教育与特殊教育学

教育不等于教育学。师范院校的教育专业不等于教育学专业。对于特殊教育来说 ,特殊教育学专业同样也不能代替聋校语文、聋校数学、聋校外语、聋校体育等面向具体学科的专业。学科特点与教育学相通的特殊教育学只是应该设置的面向特殊教育的专业中的一个部分。师范院校设置的有关特殊教育的专业中 ,除了应该包括特殊教育学专业之外 ,还应该包括其他面向基层特殊学校特定课程的各种专业。     

论学科教学论的范式转换

随着教师教育形势的发展和基础教育课程改革的推进,学科教学论必须实现范式转换。从教师专业发展的全程审视,学科教学论具有与以往不同的地位、作用及构成:它为教师职业之旅奠基;培养目标应由教学技能型教师向反思型教育实践专家转换;在课程体系内应强化课程知识、学习知识和实践性知识;在研究方法上应倡导案例分析法、叙事法等;在话语选择上应从课程论、专业学科及教育实践中吸收新鲜的话语,改变陈旧过时的言说方式。     

University students’ conceptions of the good teacher: A Hong Kong perspective

One way that universities assess teaching effectiveness is by eliciting student feedback. However, what standards do students themselves use to judge whether a lecturer is a ‘good’ teacher? As part of a study carried out at a Hong Kong university, students were interviewed about their first-year learning experience and asked what they felt constituted ‘good’ and “bad’ teaching. Unlike when asked to complete teacher effectiveness surveys, no criteria or characteristics were given. Responses focused primarily on teaching skills that supported student learning and encouraged critical thinking, particularly the teacher’s ability to give clear explanations supported by relevant, practical examples.     

How do you get pre-service teachers to become ‘good at ICT’ in their subject teaching? The views of expert practitioners

The paper reports on a particular strand of the outcomes of the English contribution to an Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development comparative study, ICT in Initial Teacher Training, which aimed to develop insights into how courses of initial teacher training prepare student teachers to use information and communications technology (ICT) effectively in their teaching. The paper extracts from the broader dataset the views of practitioners who were identified as being particularly ‘expert’ in their use of ICT, on what strategies and interventions are most helpful in developing teachers who are able to use ICT to enhance learning in their subject teaching, and also what it means ‘to be good at ICT’ as a subject teacher. Although some findings confirm research elsewhere on the importance of Technological and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) frameworks, other aspects of the study question some of the assumptions which have been made about teacher induction in this field in England, which may have implications for the training of pre-service teachers in other countries.     

‘Yes,but if we have students think all day when will we get anything done?’: two conceptual resources to engage students in democratically dangerous teaching

While the politics of curriculum reform occupy adults, high stakes get played out in crowded classrooms. As a component of democratic inquiry, how might teachers engage students in a study of those agendas shaping their education? What sorts of conceptual resources could help? To begin to answer these questions, I briefly review scholars who address the emergence in several countries of what Kliebard names as a ‘social efficiency’ agenda in education. I then examine two strong examples of literature in ‘authentic’ practices as a curriculum conversation contesting this agenda. While supportive of the intent of scholars concerned with authentic practices, I assert that they insufficiently address ways in which students might engage with issues shaping their experience of formal education and offer two conceptual resources with which to do so.     

What Islamic school teachers want: towards developing an Islamic teacher education programme

In the 70 year history of Islamic schools in North America, there is yet to be an accredited teacher education programme to train and professionally equip Islamic school teachers with an understanding of an Islamic pedagogy. Arguably, there has been an imbalance of energy placed on curriculum development projects over the considerations of teacher training. From my experience working as a teacher trainer/education consultant for Islamic schools for the past 10 years, it is evident that the underlying assumption for many school administrators is that a State/Ministry certified teacher who is Muslim will know how to teach ‘Islamically’. The aims of this paper are to first establish some semblance of what it means to teach Islamically or, more accurately, to teach through an Islamic pedagogy. From this framework, the crux of the paper is to present findings from a series of focus groups with Islamic school educators about their teacher training needs. The findings of this study establish the need for a formal teacher education programme in Islamic pedagogy within an established faculty of education. Such a programme would achieve three major ends in cultivating the stewardship of Islamic schools in North America: 1. Define and establish Islamic education as a valid and relevant pedagogical model that can contribute to the broader discourse of alternative, faith-based education;

2. Standardise the pedagogy and curriculum of Islamic schools based on the principles of education in Islam and to make both contextually relevant;

3. Contribute to raising the standards of Islamic schools through a teacher education programme at credible faculties of education where ongoing research and development will also be supported.