水利工程施工预算价格

水利水电工程是复杂的建筑群体,包含建筑群体种类多,涉及范围广、投资大、建设周期长、影响因素复杂。在编制工程概算时,对一个水利工程建设项目要系统地逐级划分为若干个各级项目和费用项目。     

建筑管理中项目管理的重要性研究

建筑项目管理是整个建筑管理体系中重要而核心的部分,建筑项目管理是建筑企业在实际建设生产中对成本、质量、进度的重要控制手段,加强对建筑项目管理的研究有利于建设企业管理能力、管理水平的提升,进而为建筑企业的腾飞夯实基础。本研究阐述了建筑项目管理的价值,分析了建筑项目管理实际过程中的基本问题,强调了建筑项目管理的重点,提供了建筑项目管理工作中应该加强的组织结构和资源配置等重要方面。     

浅谈建筑企业施工项目管理

建筑企业的施工项目管理是建筑业企业管理的一个窗口,更是建筑企业形象的体现.施工项目管理的主体是建筑企业,是建筑企业最基层、最基本的管理.项目施工水平的高低、施工质量的优劣、文明施工的好坏与项目管理有直接的关系.所以,建筑企业要把施工项目管理作为企业管理的首要任务和重要内容来抓.     

浅议建筑管理项目控制

作为建筑工程项目管理的一个关键元素,建筑管理项目控制已经开始发挥出它越来越重要的作用。建筑管理项目控制的好坏直接影响到建筑工程的质量。因此,找出建筑管理项目控制中存在的问题,并提出相应的解决对策,是建筑工程项目管理项目中一个非常重要的问题。     

浅谈施工项目的生产要素管理

一个建筑产品的施工活动是一次性的施工任务，这个一次性的施工任务一般被称为一个施工项目。施工项目是建筑施工企业面向建筑市场的窗口。所谓施工项目管理是指在建设项目的生产周期内，用系统工程的理论、观点和方法进行有效的规划、决策、组织、协调、控制等系统的科学的管理活动。     

建筑新型材料在项目开发中的应用

建筑新型材料在项目开发中的应用使摆在建筑企业面前的一个现实而紧迫的问题。本文从我国建筑新型材料在项目开发中的发展趋势入手,分析了能够影响建筑新型材料推广应用的一些因素,并针对这些因素提出了自己的对策,以期为我国建筑新型材料在项目开发中的应用开辟一个有效的路径。     

浅议建筑安装工程的施工管理

随着社会经济的快速发展,建筑行业成为经济发展中重要的经济支柱,成为国民经济的关键环节。建筑项目是一个比较庞大的工程,国家和相关部门一定要做好建筑行业的监管工作。随着建筑项目的不断扩大,建筑的组织方式也在不断的发生变化,项目管理对于项目的发展是至关重要的。一个好的项目管理可以让建筑企业不断的发展壮大,如果管理不当很有可能让企业陷入危机。文章主要分析了安装工程在施工管理中存在的问题;阐述了加强安装工程施工管理的措施。     

浅析建筑视觉造型元素设计创意

建筑视觉造型元素主要包括了点、线、面、体、材质以及色彩,其中在建筑项目设计中材质是一个重要的视觉造型元素。材质作为建筑物的物质基础,是建筑形式的主要体现者。本文从材料的类型、个性与应用手法和创意表达等方面对建筑造型元素设计进行理论和实际分析,为以后建筑创作提供参考。     

建筑施工中施工图设计的重要性分析

在当前的建筑项目施工过程中,加强对施工过程的管理是建筑市场对企业的基本需求。施工图纸对一个项目的建设质量以及管理工作的进行有较为重要的影响,要保证建筑的施工完成质量,在正式施工之前加强施工图纸的设计工作是较为重要的一项措施。本文针对当前建筑项目中施工图纸设计的重要价值进行了介绍,并介绍了施工图纸设计中的几项关键要点,结合实际工程,对如何提升施工图纸设计质量提出了建议。     

简谈非洲建筑市场工程分包管理——以喀麦隆建筑市场为例

近年来由于国内建筑市场逐渐饱和,越来越多的建筑企业把目光转移到国外市场。非洲国家有着广阔的市场前景,自然也成为了大多数建筑企业的焦点,大家纷纷投身于非洲国家的建设。其中大多数建设项目都是EPC总承包形式,履约风险相对较大,在项目的实施过程中为了规避风险,同时也为了加快施工进度、降低施工成本,项目通常采用引进分包商的方式对项目进行管理。因此提升分包管理水平,加强分包管理是项目管理的一个重点,也是中国建筑企业在非洲市场发展的重要途径之一。     

Our experience with experimental<Emphasis Type="Italic">Wuchereria bancrofti</Emphasis> infection in Indian langur (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Presbytis entellus</Emphasis>)

Thyroid antibodies are commonly utilized in the assessment and diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disorders. We compared the measurements of antithyroglobulin and antithyroidperoxidase antibodies by enzyme immunoassay with that of the conventional agglutination method. This fully automated enzyme immunoassay is more specific and cost effective than the agglutination method. Further this is a very quantitative and rapid method producing results in two hours as compared to at least twenty=four hours required by the conventional method. Antithyroidperoxidase antibodies determined by enzyme immunoassay are more specific and sensitive in the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis than the antithyroglobulin antibodies.     

R&amp;D collaboration: role of <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis>a in knowledge-creating networks

Research and development (R&D) collaboration between universities and business is a vital form of new knowledge creation in knowledge-intensive high-technology business environments. Increasingly, collaboration occurs in networks. A key element in forming these collaborate networks is shared knowledge creation, which is dependent on the Ba, the SECI process, and knowledge assets. This paper argues that Ba plays a major role for successful knowledge creation through R&D collaboration between university and business. A Ba is a perception of a place – which can be virtual – and a shared purpose. The absence of a Ba is a significant barrier to success, but building a Ba takes collaborative time and effort. This paper addresses the problems in the successful formation of such networks based on insights from biotechnology, an area where this type of collaboration has been and still is common, but not always successful or unproblematic.     

“Stacking” and “picking” inventions: The patenting behavior of European inventors

By using a sample of 793 inventors drawn from the PatVal-EU dataset, this paper explores three aspects of patent production at the individual inventor level: (1) the number of EPO patents that the inventors produce; (2) the average value of their inventions; (3) the production of the most valuable patents. By jointly estimating the three equations we find that the inventors’ level of education, employment in a large firm, and involvement in large-scale research projects positively correlate with quantity. Yet, apart from the size of the research project, none of these factors directly influence the expected value of the inventions. They do, however, have an indirect influence, as we find that the number of patents explains the probability of producing a technological hit (the maximum value). Also, there is no regression to the mean in the invention process at an individual level, as the number of inventions that an inventor produces is not correlated with the average value.     

Effect of ketoacids on H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> induced cataract

Cataract is one of the leading causes of visual disability often leading to blindness in the elderly population. One of the causes is oxidation of proteins present in lens, by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). In the present study 100 goat lenses were analyzed to determine the protective efficacy of ketoacids, against the oxidative insult by H₂O₂. The ketoacids used were (pyruvate, alpha ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate), that are constantly produced endogenously. The lenses were incubated as control and experimental groups in TC-199 media for 72 hrs. H₂O₂ concentration of 10mM was used to induce cataract. The biochemical parameters measured were levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product and activity of glutathione peroxidase (G-Px), an enzymatic antioxidant. The results showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA and significant decrease in the activity of G-Px in the cataractous lenses as compared to control. After addition of ketoacids (pyruvate (10mM), alpha ketoglutarate (20mM) and oxaloacetate (20mM)) separately, the levels of MDA decreased significantly and the activity of G-Px increased significantly. The results suggest that the ketoacids can be very promising antioxidants for the treatment of cataract. They may also be useful in treating other disabilities related to acute and chronic oxidative stress.     

Immunomodulation of excretory secretory materials from the filarial parasite<Emphasis Type="Italic">Setaria digitata</Emphasis>

ES materials released along with the release of mf showed immunosuppression as evidenced by a decrease in T lymphocyte levels in the immunised animals. Lipid fractions of the mf associated ES materials and protein fractions of the detergent soluble materials were found to cause suppression of immune response in the host. Further study revealed that the suppression associated with the lipid fractions is actually the end result and that mf associated ES materials is actually a mixture of immunosuppressive and immunopotentiating components and the release of the components is most likely regulated.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dis</Emphasis>closive Ethics and Information Technology: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Disclosing Facial Recognition Systems</Emphasis>

This paper is an attempt to present disclosive ethics as a framework for computer and information ethics – in line with the suggestions by Brey, but also in quite a different manner. The potential of such an approach is demonstrated through a disclosive analysis of facial recognition systems. The paper argues that the politics of information technology is a particularly powerful politics since information technology is an opaque technology – i.e. relatively closed to scrutiny. It presents the design of technology as a process of closure in which design and use decisions become black-boxed and progressively enclosed in increasingly complex socio-technical networks. It further argues for a disclosive ethics that aims to disclose the nondisclosure of politics by claiming a place for ethics in every actual operation of power – as manifested in actual design and use decisions and practices. It also proposes that disclosive ethics would aim to trace and disclose the intentional and emerging enclosure of politics from the very minute technical detail through to social practices and complex social-technical networks. The paper then proceeds to do a disclosive analysis of facial recognition systems. This analysis discloses that seemingly trivial biases in recognition rates of FRSs can emerge as very significant political acts when these systems become used in practice. Paper prepared for the Technology and Ethics Workshop at Twente     

科技资源配置水平评价及区域差异研究

文章构建了基于科技资源投入、科技成果转化、科技社会贡献、科技创新环境四个维度的科技资源配置水平综合评价指标体系,运用因子分析法横向比较了全国31个省市科技资源配置水平,并运用熵值法纵向分析了广东省2012-2016年科技资源配置水平差异。研究结果表明,近年来广东省科技资源配置水平稳步提高,呈现出明显的上升趋势,但与北京、上海、江苏相比仍存在较大的差距。最后,针对研究结果,提出了提升广东省科技资源配置水平的对策思路。     

科技论文“影响”的测度

可通过利用同行评议、被引频次、期刊的影响因子（IF）等方法来评估科技论文 ，但这些方法本身都有不同程度的缺陷。不能利用期刊的影响因子来评判论文的学术水平，这是因为影响因子本身具有较大的不确定性，尤其是对美国的期刊比较有利。近年来由因特网全文下载论文的频次急剧上升，作者认为论文下载次数和影响因子的联合作用，可以更准确地评价论文和期刊的学术影响。     

Hypocalcemia in an 11 Year Old Child: <Emphasis Type="Italic">A Difficult Case to Treat</Emphasis>

Hypocalcemia is a laboratory and clinical abnormality that is observed especially in neonates and paediatric patients. Laboratory hypocalcaemia is often asymptomatic but it can manifest as central nervous system irritability, paraesthesia, tetany (i.e. contraction of hands, arms, feet, larynx, bronchioles), seizures, and even psychiatric changes in children. Cardiac function may also be impaired because of poor muscle contractility. We report a unique case of an eleven year old male child who presented with chronic kidney disease associated with severe hypocalcemia, tonic-clonic seizures, hypovitaminosis D but normal electroencephalogram and electrocardiography. The child required prolonged intravenous calcium gluconate therapy to correct his ionised calcium levels.     

Secondary immunization inhibits drug induced apoptosis<Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis>

Immunization with a proper dose of an antigenic stimulus leads to cell proliferation and antibody response of circulating lymphocytes. We have previously observed that Secondary immunized spleenocytes resist ceramide-mediated apoptosisin vitro. Our present study is aimed at investigating thein vivo effect of immunization on apoptosis. Mice were subjected to either Primary or Secondary dose with Tetanus Toxoid. Unimmunized spleenocytes served as controls. Unimmunized, Primary and Secondary immunized mice were later exposed to chemotherapeutic drugs such as Etoposide/Methotrexate/Vincristine to induce apoptosis. Apoptosis was studied by using the Feulgen reaction on 5μ thin parafin sections of spleen. It was observed that Secondary immunized mice showed a lower percentage of apoptosis as compared to Primary or Unimmunized mice that was subjected to either of the chemotherapeutic drugs. It was thus concluded that Secondary immunization inhibits the process of chemotherapeutic drug induced apoptosis in vivo.