专利信息系统分析与研究

专利是创新成果的重要载体,对专利资源的有效利用有助于打破信息壁垒,准确评估成果的创新性和价值,推动科技成果向生产力转化。专利信息系统可以提高工作效率和创新能力,完成专利数据收集、专利信息检索、专利技术挖掘和分析等工作。本文对专利信息系统的功能和分析算法进行了分类介绍,并结合典型系统进行展示和比较,同时提出专利信息系统面临的问题与挑战。     

科技期刊编辑创新性的层次分析

从原创、再创和补创角度,对科技期刊编辑创新性的层次性进行分析。认为:发现科技人才,是科技期刊编辑对社会和科技发展的原创性贡献;优化组合新的科技信息,是科技期刊编辑的再创性成果;编辑加工使稿件质量进一步提高,是科技期刊编辑在作者原创性劳动基础上的补充创新。     

中外情报学论文创新性特征研究

[目的/意义] 综合运用定性与定量相结合的方法对近年中外情报学论文的创新性进行分析和对比，揭示情报学领域研究的创新性特征，发现领域学术论文中创新句内部的知识关系，进行更细粒度的论文创新性分析，为研究领域创新点深层次利用提供条件，同时丰富科技论文创新性监测的途径，促进科学研究创新。[方法/过程] 从句子级创新性识别出发，选取中英文各两种情报学期刊作为样本，采用信息抽取和机器学习的方法，将创新句的抽取从现有的摘要扩展到全文，充分利用句子结构和句法特征识别领域创新内容，探讨近年中外情报学论文在创新对象、主题、类别等方面的特征，并做对比分析，最后通过对自动分类的论文集合进行定性的内容分析，总结归纳出中外情报学论文创新的表达范式。[结果/结论] 从创新的表达来看，中外情报学论文创新句的分布情况基本一致，英文期刊论文创新的表达更丰富。从创新性特征来看，英文情报学期刊论文创新主题较集中，而中文主题多样和分散；具体方法的创新是近年情报学领域的创新热点，而在研究方法上创新不足；中英文情报学期刊论文的创新性特点都反映了应用研究、实证研究的成果较多，而理论创新推动缓慢的趋势。     

基于价值创新的公共档案馆信息服务模式研究

作为公共服务部门之一的公共档案馆在信息时代需要进行价值创新,为社会提供更为优质的档案信息服务。本文在分析当前我国公共档案馆信息服务工作现状的基础上,提出构建基于价值创新的服务模式来破解其工作困局问题,进而探讨了在公共档案馆信息服务中应用这一模式的价值和意义,最后,还分析了这一服务模式构建的重点内容——组织文化建设、用户需求建设和服务资源建设等。     

Macroproblems of the information security of man and society

This paper considers the aspects of the interactions between people and the information environment and problems of the information security of a personality and society as a whole with allowance for such factors as the globalization of the world economy, introduction of new information technologies (including robotic systems and artificial intelligence systems), and the development of the semantic Internet and mass media. The problems of using the Internet network and mass media due to the psychological impact of negative information on people and society are discussed. Some recommendations, conclusions, and the most urgent tasks of supporting the information security of society are formulated.     

美国图书情报界2013年以来信息社会研究文献综述

[目的/意义]信息社会理论是当今图书情报学(图情)的一个重要研究领域,系统概括美国图情界信息社会研究的最新进展能够为国内学者开展相关研究提供有益参考。[方法/过程]搜集、整理美国图情界5种代表性期刊于2013年1月至2015年8月间发表的全部论文,选取其中最具代表性的136篇,利用二级主题分类体系清晰揭示文献的研究主题分布情况,详细阐释美国图情界2013年以来信息社会研究的方向和进展。[结果/结论]研究表明:①美国图情界信息社会研究由7个主题构成,包括信息社会的基本问题、信息基础设施与服务、人类信息行为、信息阶层与社群、信息经济与职业、信息伦理与法制、信息政治;②美国图情界信息社会研究主要包括3个方向,分别为信息社会实践要素变革、信息社会系统理论建构和信息社会发展趋势预测;③美国图情界信息社会研究具有研究领域较广、注重实践研究和理论融合等优势;④美国图情界信息社会研究的局限在于以微创新为主,缺少从经济视角的深入研究以及部分研究实践价值不大。     

Information as a basic element of the modern information society and its place in the system of philosophical knowledge

Problems are considered associated with the philosophical understanding of the information concept as applied to the realities of the modern information society. The evolution of the notion [idea] of information is presented and on its basis the main philosophical concept of the concept “information” is elucidated. Various, sometimes opposing, scientific viewpoints on the problems under study have been analyzed. The role of social information and the specifics of its relation with social processes are shown. The great significance of information systems and technologies for the development of modern society is demonstrated, which are at the same time the products of information processing and the means of its production. The important role of information systems in the management of information processes in modern society is explained.     

Understanding adopters of audio information innovations

The use of two phone‐based audio innovations—audiotext audio information services and fax—was assessed in a probability survey of urban respondents. Support was found for the notion that social indicators are less important in the prediction of innovation use than are attitudinal and communication variables. Findings are interpreted in light of diffusion of innovation theory and research on the adoption of new technologies.     

Foods for health: Involving organizations in planned change

The development of effective strategies for planned change presents a challenge to an organization operating in a modern, complex society. A change agency often faces two barriers to the diffusion of innovations —the lack of direct contact with individual receivers on a daily basis, and limited and perhaps shrinking resources. Two strategies which help a change agency address these barriers are: a) the use of co‐change agencies in innovation development and b) the diffusion of innovations through other organizations at the system‐receiver level. The use and effectiveness of these modifications to the traditional diffusion model are illustrated in the development and diffusion of a health education program called Foods for Health.     

Innovation in the Library: How to Engage Employees,Cultivate Creativity,and Create Buy-In for New Ideas

Innovation is a much-touted concept in the business world. Libraries, too, have felt the need for continuous innovation as we serve ever-changing needs. Leaders can use principles practiced in business to transform academic libraries into cultures of innovation. In a culture of innovation, employees are engaged in their work and excited about the possibilities of it. Leaders help cultivate creativity by promoting growth mind-sets, rewarding experimentation, and practicing discovery skills. Importantly, library leaders in cultures of innovation hone persuasive abilities to create buy-in for implementing innovations in order to serve users more effectively with dynamic solutions to persistent problems.     

Electronic Resources (ER) Librarians,Usage Data,and a Changing World

SUMMARY

What factors affect the handling of usage data? What skills does an electronic resources (ER) librarian need to work with usage data? How do they solve problems innovatively and contribute to the library's efforts to deliver digital information? First and foremost, ER librarians need a firm understanding of the libraries in which they work and what innovations or adaptations are appropriate. There are no true answers to the question of how to handle usage data, which leaves the field open for innovation and customization.     

开放式创新模式下的企业信息资源重组研究

通过分析开放式创新的信息需求特征,进一步得出开放式创新的信息源。面对众多的利益相关者、内外创新资源、知识组织单元、知识主体和环境,提出信息资源重组策略,包括构建企业信息门户、构建企业信息资源库、创建企业知识地图等,并且从资源获取的角度构建开放式创新的信息资源重组机理与路径模型。     

Information systems as an institutional component of the innovation infrastructure

The composition of the innovation infrastructure, as well as the most critical phases of information security at stages of the innovation cycle, is shown at the macrolevel. The foreign information systems focused on the support of innovation activities are considered. The integration of national information systems of the countries–members of the European Union into a single science and technology and innovation space is noted as a steady tendency. The most important Russian information systems focused on the support of innovation activities and the functionality of the Federal Portal on Science and Innovation and the Unified State System of accounting results of scientific research, development, and engineering works are presented. There is a lack of development of the communicative functions of information systems in scientific funds and federal scientific and technical target programs. A number of conclusions and suggestions are formulated.     

浅议我国公共知识平台的建设

我国公共知识平台的价值除了为人们提供一个较为完善的知识共享环境,还要有针对性地满足各类创新主 体的信息需求,力争在全社会范围内实现数字公平,促进社会发展。文章从分析我国公共知识平台建设现状出发,提出 我国公共知识平台建设中存在共享网络没有完全建立、平台公益性没有从法律上确定、数字公平问题没有引起全社会广 泛关注、面向市场的信息缺失等诸多问题,建议国家有关部门出台一系列有利于公共知识传播的法规政策,完善技术创 新公共服务体系,并确定促进数字公平的战略目标。     

Stimulators and barriers towards social innovations in public libraries: Qualitative research study

Public libraries have a huge potential to be creators and facilitators of social innovation in communities and society. Qualitative research based on interviews with 27 librarians showed that social innovation in libraries can take the form of educational and cultural activities, leisure and networking activities and social support services. The main goal of the research was to find out what factors support and make these innovations difficult in public libraries. A four-layer model of barriers and stimulators for social innovation is presented, which includes structural, local, organizational and personnel levels. The model could serve to inform librarians, their stakeholders and governments about all levels of barriers and stimulators connected to innovation of library services and social re-positioning of public libraries in the future.     

Formation of the information infrastructure for the innovative integration of the states- participants in the CIS

This paper outlines the activities of the Interstate Coordination Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICCSTI), which is aimed at coordination of the actions of states-participants of the CIS in the exchange of scientific and technical information, for the informational support of interstate scientific and technical cooperation. It examines the strategy and structure of information support of innovation processes as part of the innovative integration of the CIS, which is implemented together with the formation of an integrated information environment, as well as shaping the information infrastructure of the innovative integration of states-participants of the CIS based on the concept of scientific information to ensure programs and projects of states-participants of CIS in the sphere of innovations. We describe a distributed multilevel system of information support of innovation, which is designed for the integrated management of information resource sharing.     

Information-analytical support of priority fields in science and technology: Branch and differentiated approaches

This paper considers the urgent problems of information-analytical support of Russian scientific technological and innovation policy, as well as modern tasks of information-analytical support of the innovation activities of scientific and educational organizations, and proposes methodical approaches that have potential for improving the Russian system of patent searches and analytics. It is shown to be expedient to build complex information-retrieval systems with maximum access to relevant arrays of branch information and multi-service analytical components, which make it possible to implement the differentiated approach to consumers and a diversity of scenarios of scientific information activities, which are particular to different groups of consumers.     

基于K-means聚类挖掘智能机器人领域技术创新人才

以智能机器人领域为例,借助机器学习的方法挖掘技术创新人才,消除专家分类的主观性。通过专利信息构建技术创新人才评价指标体系,结合主成分分析、K-means聚类,进行技术创新人才有效分类;利用DWPI手工代码挖掘智能机器人领域对应的创新人员及相应的技术团队成员,对于技术创新人才分类有进一步优化空间。K-means聚类改进了传统的识别方法,突破人工统计的局限,可以处理数量级更大的数据,对数据挖掘可以进行及时、准确、直观的分析。     

Information Systems: Problems of Image Registration and Reproduction

Due to the rapid development of visualization tools and technologies, the image information plays in the life of society a more and more large role in the course of time. There are widespread different image search and display systems which develop and could be integrated in various information systems. Long ago, many sections had been separated from the fundamental sphere of image information processing as independent directions with specific scientific objectives, such as computer graphics, computer vision, digital photography and others. The tendency to separation of new directions intended for different problems solving persists still, what is confirmed by the enormous annual number of publications. A wide variety of software products can meet the needs practically of any specific problem. But in present variety of image information processing it is possible to separate some general tendencies and some main central problems, which solving determines the image quality and the information systems operation evaluated by ultimate consumer.       

信息系统运行中信息服务支持民营企业技术创新状况研究

随着信息化建设的发展,信息系统在民营企业中得到普遍应用,信息服务作为信息系统投入运行后的重要内容,对民营企业技术创新具有重要的推进作用。文章探讨了信息系统运行中信息服务支持民营企业技术创新中存在的问题并提出了相应的对策,以便更充分地发挥信息服务的功能,提高民营企业技术创新的质量和效率。