社区居民膳食结构及营养状况的调查分析

目的了解海陵区居民的膳食结构及营养状况,为指导居民合理饮食提供依据。方法按整群随机抽样方法,对18岁以上居民进行调查。结果居民能量来源结构分布比较合理,蛋白质、维生素E、维生素PP、铁的摄入量已基本达到推荐量,但维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、钙、锌的摄入量较低。结论海陵区居民膳食结构基本合理,需要进一步优化。     

Allograft rejection-related gene expression in the endothelial cells of renal transplantation recipients after cytomegalovirus infection

Objective: To explore the effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on rejection-related gene expression in the endothelial cells of renal transplantation recipients. Methods: Endothelial cells (ECs) were cultured and stimulated by a variety of factors: A, normal control group; B, inactivated human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection group; C, HCMV infection group; D, HCMV supematant infection group; and E, ganciclovir HCMV group. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and major histocompability complex (MHC) class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ antigens was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and immuno-histochemistry. Results: We found characteristic CMV-infected ECs in this study. There were no significant differences among groups A, B and D (P>0.05). Although the expression levels of ICAM-1 were not significantly different between groups C and E (P>0.05), the ICAM-1 expression in these two groups was significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05). ICAM-1 expression was detected in groups C and E, while there was no expression in groups A, B and D. Furthermore, there was no significant difference of ICAM-1 mRNA expression between groups C and E (P>0.05). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC expression was detected in all the groups, while HLA-DR expression was only detected in groups C and E. There were no significant dif-ferences of HLA-ABC and HLA-DR expression among groups A, B and D (P>0.05). However, the HLA-ABC and HLA-DR expression levels in groups C and D were higher than those of the remaining groups previously reported (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the HLA-ABC and HLA-DR expression levels in group E were lower than those of group C (P<0.05). Conclusion: CMV could up-regulate the expression levels of ICAM-1 and MHC antigens, which was closely related to allograft rejection.     

Effects of breakfast with different calorigenic amounts on blood glucose, insulin and glucagon levels

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between breakfast and serum glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations in order to establish a model breakfast appropriate for Chinese. Twenty-four volunteers were randomly assigned to four study groups: high carbohydrate breakfast, high fat and protein breakfast, the typical breakfast and fasting. Each subject had serum and urine samples collected while fasting and at 1,2 and 3.5 hours following the meal. The concentration of serum glucose, insulin and glucagon was measured. The levels of serum glucose in group A,B and C differed significantly at 1 and 2 hour after meal compared to those at fasting (P<0.05). The serum glucose in group A increased insignificantly after meal. The serum insulin levels were in group A,B and C significant different compared with control group(P<0.05).Those peaked at 1 hour after meal ,with group C rising the furthest. Compared with the fasting group, the serum glucagons rose and maintained the increase after breakfast in group A,B and C (P<0.05).The data suggested that various diets with different calorigenic amounts increased hormone concentration to various extents. We found that a breakfast rich in carbohydrates could maintain proper blood glucose level.     

Inhibitive effects of anti-oxidative vitamins on mannitol-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells

Objective： Study blood vessel injury and gene expression indicating vascular endothelial cell apoptosis induced by mannitol with and without administration of anti-oxidative vitamins. Methods： Healthy rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Mannitol was injected into the vein of the rabbit ear in each animal. Pre-treatment prior to mannitol injection was per- formed with normal saline （group B）, vitamin C （group C） and vitamin E （group D）. Blood vessel injury was assessed under electron and light microscopy. In a second experiment, cell culture specimen of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with mannitol. Pre-treatment was done with normal saline （sample B）, vitamin C （sample C） and vitamin E （sample D）. Total RNA was extracted with the original single step procedure, followed by hybridisation and analysis of gene expression. Results： In the animal experiment, serious blood vessel injury was seen in group A and group B. Group D showed light injury only, and normal tissue without pathological changes was seen in group C. Of all 330 apoptosis-related genes analysed in human cell culture specimen, no significant difference was seen after pre-treatment with normal saline, compared with the gene chip without pre-treatment. On the gene chip pre-treated with vitamin C, 45 apoptosis genes were down-regulated and 34 anti-apoptosis genes were up-regulated. Pre-treatment with vitamin E resulted in the down-regulation of 3 apoptosis genes. Conclusion： Vitamin C can protect vascular endothelial cells from mannitol-induced injury.     

A preliminary study on the teratogenesis of dexamethasone and the preventive effect of vitamin B<Subscript>12</Subscript> on murine embryonic palatal shelf fusion in vitro

Excessive dexamethasone (Dex) administrated into pregnant mice during critical periods of palatal development can produce a high incidence of cleft palate. Its mechanisms remain unknown. Vitamin B12 has been shown to antagonize the tera-togenic effects of Dex, which, however, remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the effects of Dex and vitamin B,2 on murine embryonic palatal shelf fusion using organ culture of murine embryonic shelves. The explanted palatal shelves on embryonic day 14 (E14) were cultured for 24,48,72 or 96 h in different concentrations of Dex and/or vitamin B12. The palatal shelves were examined histologically for the morphological alterations on the medial edge epithelium (MEE) and fusion rates among different groups. It was found that the palatal shelves were not fused at 72 h or less of culture in Dex group, while they were completely fused in the control and vitamin B12-treated groups at 72 and 96 h, respectively. The MEE still existed and proliferated. In Dex vitamin B12 group the palatal shelves were fused at each time point in a similar rate to controls. These results may suggest that Dex causes teratogenesis of murine embryonic palatal shelves and vitamin B12 prevents the teratogenic effect of Dex on palatogenesis on murine embryos in vitro.     

467名体育系学生ABO血型调查分析

对怀化学院体育系467名学生ABO血型的调查分析,发现体育系学生血型的百分率顺序不同于一般人,为O型、B型、A型、AB型·在血型与专项之间,A型血者在体操项目中、O型血者在足球项目中、B型血者在武术项目中的百分率分别高于其它各项及所有467名学生组(P>0·05);AB型血者在网球项目中的百分率高于其它项目及一般人(P<0·05);乒乓球和足球专业的B型血者的百分率明显低于一般人(P<0·05)·     

黄连素与优降糖联合治疗糖尿病疗效的观察

为观察非降糖药黄连素治疗糖尿病患者的疗效,将30例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者随机分为2组进行对照观察。治疗两个月后,血糖即出现显著下降,近期疗效观察提示黄连素合用小量优降糖治疗糖尿病与单一降糖药比较,具有显著性差异(P<0.05),疗效优于单一用药,总有效率达87％,提示两者有协同作用。     

复合酶制剂对断乳肉兔生长性能的影响

选择 35日龄新西兰白兔 2 5只 ,随机分成A、B、C、D、E五组 ,A、B、C、D组为试验组 ,E组为对照组。试验组分别添加 0 .1 % ,0 .3%和 0 .5 %、0 .7%资源复合酶 ,研究不同水平的复合酶对断乳肉兔的生长性能的影响。结果表明 ,在饲料中添加复合酶制剂 ,试验组与对照组相比 ,试验组日增重分别提高 1 8.61 %、2 0 .73%、2 0 .95 %、2 0 .80 % ,经生物统计方差分析和SSR法多重比较 ,差异极显著 ,而组间差异不显著 ;料重比分别下降 2 6.2 7% (P <0 .0 1 )、 2 8.0 4 %(P <0 .0 1 )、2 9.1 7% (P <0 .0 1 )和 2 8.0 8% (P <0 .0 1 ) ,但组间差异不显著。试验组经济效益明显。     

窄谱中波紫外线照射治疗白癜风疗效观察

目的:观察窄谱中波紫外线照射治疗白癜风的疗效和安全性,并与0.05%卤半松乳膏进行比较.方法:将70例白癜风患者分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组43例,对照组27例,治疗组给予窄谱中波紫外线照射,每周2-3次.对照组仅外用0.05%卤米松,每天2次,疗程均为3个月.结果:治疗组治愈5例,显效21例,有效率60.4%;对照组治愈2例,显效7例,有效率33.3%.两组有效率比较差异有显著性,其疗效与皮损的部位和病程有关.结论:窄谱中波紫外线照射治疗白癜风疗效好,不良反应小.     

Effects of Huangqi and bear bile on recurrent parotitis in children: a new clinical approach

Objective:To evaluate the pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicine,bear bile capsule and Huangqi granule,on recurrent parotitis in children.Methods:In this prospective,controlled,and randomized study,a total of 151 young children were divided into three groups:Group A included massaging the children’s parotid region and melting vitamin C in their mouth daily;Group B included swallowing bear bile capsule and Huangqi granule daily;and Group C included massages and vitamin C as prescribed in Group A,and traditional Chinese medicine as prescribed in Group B.Children were treated individually for one month and then a follow-up study was conducted for 1 to 3.5 years.Analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Ridit analysis were employed for statistical analysis.Results:The recurrence rate decreased in every group,but was significantly more in Groups B and C when compared to Group A.The recurrences significantly decreased(P<0.01) in Group B and their recovery rate was as high as 63%,significantly better than those of the other groups(P<0.01).Conclusions:Huangqi and bear bile could be a novel clinical approach for treating recurrent parotitis in children.     

Study on the neurotoxic effects of low-level lead exposure in rats

Objective: To investigate effects of developmental lead exposure on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in different brain regions and on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats. On the basis of these observations, we explored possible mechanisms by which lead exposure leads to impaired learning and memorizing abilities in children. Methods: A series of rat animal models exposed to low levels of lead during the developing period was established (drinking water containing 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.075% lead acetate). NOS activities in the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum and the brain stem were determined with fluorescence measurement and levels of mRNA expression of the NMDA receptor 2A (NR2A) subunit and NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) subunit in the rat hippocampus were measured with Retro-translation (RT-PCR). Results: There were no differences in the body weight of rat pups between any of the groups at any given time (P>0.05). The blood lead level of Pb-exposed rat pups showed a systematic pattern of change: at 14 d of age, it was lower than that at 7 d of age, then rising to the peak level at 21 d and finally falling to lower levels at 28 d. The hippocampal NOS activities of lead-exposed groups were all lower than that of the control group on the 21st and 28th day (P<0.01). NOS activities in the cerebellum of lead-exposed groups were all lower than that of the control group on the 21st and 28th day (P<0.001) and the NOS activity of the 0.025% group was significantly lower than that of the 0.05% and 0.075% groups on the 28th day (P<0.05). NOS activity in the cerebral cortex of the 0.075% group was significantly lower than that of the control, 0.025% and 0.05% groups on the four day spans (P<0.001). There was no significant difference of NOS activity in the brain stem between any lead-exposed group and the control group on the four day spans. In the 0.05% and the 0.075% groups, the level of NR2A mRNA expression was higher than that in the control group at 7 d and 14 d of age (P<0.05). In the 0.025% group, the level of NR2A was found to be higher than that in the control group at 7 d of age only (P<0.05). No significant differences were found for the levels of NR2B mRNA expression between any of the groups at any given time. Conclusions: NOS activity in the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum are inhibited by lead exposure. The degree of the inhibitory effect depends on the time span of exposure and the lead concentration. Developmental low-level lead exposure was found to raise the level of NR2A mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats. Developmental low-level lead exposure does not affect the level of NR2B mRNA expression in the hippocampus.     

Effect of vitamin B12on cleft palate induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and dexamethasone in mice简

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B₁₂ on palatal development by co-administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and dexamethasone (DEX). We examined the morphological and histological features of the palatal shelf and expression levels of key signaling molecules (transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) and TGF-β type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5)) during palatogenesis among a control group (Group A), TCDD+DEX exposed group (Group B), and TCDD+DEX+vitamin B12 exposed group (Group C). While we failed to find that vitamin B12 decreased the incidence of cleft palate induced by TCDD+DEX treatment, the expression levels of key signaling molecules (TGF-β3 and ALK5) during palatogenesis were significantly modulated. In TCDD+DEX exposed and TCDD+DEX+vitamin B12 exposed groups, palatal shelves could not contact in the midline due to their small sizes. Our results suggest that vitamin B12 may inhibit the expression of some cleft palate inducers such as TGF-β3 and ALK5 in DEX+TCDD exposed mice, which may be beneficial against palatogenesis to some degree, even though we were unable to observe a protective role of vitamin B12 in morphological and histological alterations of palatal shelves induced by DEX and TCDD.     

不同日粮对荷斯坦公犊瘤胃组织的影响

探讨不同结构日粮对1～3月龄荷斯坦公犊瘤胃组织结构的影响。选择30头、初生重（36.19±3.21）kg的荷斯坦奶公犊,屠宰刚出生的荷斯坦公犊3头,其余27头随机分为3个试验组（Ⅰ组：全乳组;Ⅱ组：全乳＋精料组;Ⅲ：精料组）,在1、2和3月龄时从每组中随机抽取3头（共9头）进行屠宰试验。结果表明：犊牛体重随日龄的增加而增加,且日粮成分影响犊牛体重。在1～3月龄时Ⅰ组犊牛体重极显著高于Ⅲ组（P〈0.01）,说明全乳饲喂犊牛生长发育优于其它两组。在1～3月龄时犊牛日增重随日龄的增加而增加,在3月龄时到最大值,为1.11kg。不同日粮对犊牛日增重有影响,1和2月龄时Ⅲ组犊牛日增重显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P〈0.05）,3月龄时Ⅲ组犊牛日增重显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P〈0.05）,说明饲喂精料组（Ⅲ组）犊牛后期的生长发育好于全乳组（Ⅰ组）。不同日粮类型显著影响瘤胃黏膜的发育,1～3月龄时全乳饲喂（Ⅰ组）的犊牛瘤胃黏膜发育情况明显低于其它两组。不同结构日粮对1～3月龄荷斯坦公犊瘤胃的发育有显著的影响（P〈0.05）。     

天然维生素E对药物代谢影响的研究进展

最近研究表明天然维生素E能激活PXR受体,调控其下游靶基因CYP3A及MDR1的表达.而临床上50%的药物是通过CYP3A代谢,P-糖蛋白能转运大部分的抗生素,抗疟药,肿瘤化疗药物,CYP3A与P-糖蛋白底物及调控机制均相似,两者共同抵御外界化学物质进入细胞.在药物联合使用中天然维生素E很有可能影响其它药物代谢,产生药物相互作用.由P-糖蛋白或CYP3A代谢的药物与天然维生素E同时服用,可能会因为天然维生素E影响了CYP3A或P-糖蛋白的活性而产生药物相互作用.导致不良反应.     

呋喃唑酮、法莫替丁、乐得胃联合治疗十二指肠溃疡临床观察

目的:探求适用于低收入人群十二指肠溃疡(DU)患者经济、有效的治疗方案。方法:将156例活动性DU患者随机分成2组,治疗组82例,用呋喃唑酮200mg、乐得胃2片每天三次,法莫替丁20mg早晚各一次治疗2周:对照组74例,用羟氨苄青霉素500mg、胶体果胶铋100mg(以Bi计)每天三次,奥美拉唑40mg每天早晨一次治疗2周,疗程结束时复查胃镜观察溃疡愈合情况,疗程结束后4周取胃粘膜检查幽门螺杆菌(HP),观察HP根除情况。结果:治疗组和对照组对DU有效率分别为93.6％和94.5％,无统计学差异(P>0.05),HP根除率分别为82.3％和95.7％,对照组明显高于治疗组(P<0.01);治疗组2例出现白细胞轻度降低(3.5×10~9/L),对照组1例ALT轻度升高,治疗结束后均恢复,余无严重不良反应。呋喃唑酮、乐得胃、法莫替丁联合治疗DU,虽然HP根除率稍低,但经济、安全、有效,尤其适用于低收入患者。     

诺和锐30特充对2型糖尿病患者血浆C-反应蛋白的影响

目的：观察诺和锐30特充对2型糖尿病患者血浆C-反应蛋白的影响。方法：选择80例2型糖尿病病人,随机分为诺和锐治疗组及诺和灵30R治疗组,诺和锐为餐前即刻皮下注射,诺和灵30R为餐前30min皮下注射,观察两组病人治疗前后餐前、餐后血糖及血浆C-反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）情况。结果：诺和锐治疗组餐后血糖水平低于诺和灵30R组（P〈0.01）,诺和锐治疗组治疗后C反应蛋白水平明显低于诺和灵30R治疗组（P〈0.01）。结论：对于2型糖尿病患者,诺和锐疗效优于诺和灵30R,而且可以显著降低血浆CRP的水平。     

Type A behavior in preschool children

Type A behaviors were observed in a group of 48 preschool children in different free-play and competitive situations. Interrater reliability was assessed on the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH), and the children's and their parents' type A scores were compared. Scores on the MYTH were used to classify children as either type A or type B. Comparisons were made between type A and type B children's play in classroom and in laboratory situations. For the laboratory situations, 24 same-sex type A-type B dyads were formed, and the dyads were observed in free play, followed by car racing, by a tower-building contest, and by an interview. Type A children more frequently showed annoyed facial expressions, gross motor activity, interruptions during classroom free play, and gross motor activity and aggressive play with an inflatable Bobo doll during the laboratory free-play situation. Type A children more often won the car race and the tower-building contest, and they answered a greater number of questions and more frequently answered first during the interviews. These data are consistent with other findings on type A behavior in preschool children and suggest that the behavioral dimensions of type A (competitiveness and impatience-aggression) may emerge as early as the preschool years, particularly in competitive situations.     

One course is not enough: Preservice elementary teachers' retention of improved views of nature of science

This study examined the views, and the retention of these views, of 19 preservice elementary teachers as they learned about nature of science (NOS). The preservice teachers participated in a cohort group as they took a science methods course during which they received explicit reflective instruction in nature of science. Through Views of Nature of Science version B (VNOS‐B) surveys and interviews it was found that most preservice teachers held inadequate ideas of nature of science prior to instruction, but improved their views after one semester of instruction in the science methods course. However, 5 months after instruction, the graduate preservice teachers were again interviewed and it was found that several of the students reverted back to their earlier views. The results are interpreted through Perry's scheme, and implications and recommendations for elementary science teacher education are made. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 194–213, 2006     

糖尿病合并泌尿系感染43例分析

1998～ 2 0 0 0年洛阳医专附院内科共收治泌尿系感染 373例 ,其中 43例伴有糖尿病 .伴有糖尿病的 43个病人中 ,≥ 50岁者 37例 ,Ⅱ型糖尿病 36例 ,女性 39例 .以发热、尿频、尿急、尿痛为主要临床表现 .38例为糖尿病后合并泌尿系感染 ,起病急、病情重 .对这些病例及其治疗的研究结果表明 ,糖尿病患者易合并泌尿系感染 ,其治疗必须合理、及时 ,方能取得良好疗效 .     

Expression and significance of cyclin D1, p27kip1 protein in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

INTRODUCTION Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is a par-ticular subtype of pulmonary adenocarcinoma de-rived from clara cell and type II pneumocyte. BAC cells grow along and within alveolar spaces while the alveolar framework of the lung is preserved. The incidence of BAC appears to be rising recently. The etiology and pathogenesis of this unique neoplastic disease are still unclear; many studies of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression include BAC with all adenocarcinoma o…