小学体育教学中的人格教育

培养学生良好的人格品质是小学教育肩负的重要责任，而体育与健康教育的目的不仅是增进学生身体健康，更是要与德育、智育和美育相结合，使学生成为身心健康、全面发展的人。     

阳光教育理论与中小学体育教学改革

阳光教育是教师用爱心关心、理解、激励学生,使其成为性格活泼、自立自强、合群合作的一代新人的教育。作为一种新的教育理念,阳光教育是基于对目前学校体育教育,尤其是中小学体育教学所存在的弊端而提出来的,在体育教育中应贯彻阳光教育理念。     

Knowing in primary physical education in the UK: negotiating movement culture

This paper aims to understand how pupils and teachers actions-in-context constitute being-a-pupil and being-a-teacher within a primary school physical education (PE) movement culture. Dewey and Bentley's theory of transaction, which views organism-in-environment-as-a-whole, enables the researcher to explore how actions-in-ongoing activities constitute and negotiate PE movement culture. Video footage from seven primary school PE lessons from a school in the West Midlands in the UK was analysed by focusing upon the ends-in-view of actions as they appeared through the educational content (what) and pedagogy (how) of the recorded PE experiences. Findings indicated that the movement culture within the school was a monoculture of looks-like-sport characterised by the privileging of the functional coordination of cooperative action. Three themes of pupils' and teachers' negotiation of the movement culture emerged U-turning, Knowing the game and Moving into and out of games. This movement culture required teachers to ensure pupils looked busy and reproduced cooperative looks-like-sport actions. In fulfilling this role, they struggled to negotiate between their knowledge of sport-for-real and directing pupils towards educational ends-in-view within games activities. Simply being good at sports was not a prerequisite for pupils' success in this movement culture. In order to re-actualise their knowledge of sport, pupils were required to negotiate the teacher's ‘how’ and ‘what’ by exploring what constituted cooperative actions within the spatial and social dimensions of the activities they were set. These findings suggest that if PE is to be more than just the reproduction of codified sport, careful adjustment and consideration of ends-in-view is of great importance. Without regard for the latter there is potential to create significant complexity for both teachers and pupils beyond that required by learning and performing sport.     

关于中小学体育教师继续教育的思考

通过文献资料法和调查访问法,针对中小学体育教师继续教育工作实践及教育事业的发展,探讨了中小学体育教师进行继续教育的必要性和可行性,并提出了培训模式、课程设置、培训师资队伍建设与培养等建议,为中小学体育教师继续教育工作提供了理论和实践的参考.     

论体力活动与学校体育

深入探讨了体力活动的定义、理论意义，体力活动在学校体育中的理论地位以及体力活动的相关知识和技能对学生体育实践的意义，以引起学校体育工作对这一概念的重视。     

对中小学体育管理模型的研究

学校体育管理模型的建立,将有助于提高学校体育管理工作水平和效率。本文认为学校体育管理系统应由三个层次、九个部门组成。     

现代体育思想与校园文化建设

论述了体育在学校化建设中起着栽体作用；突出现代体育思想对增强校园凝聚力，对学生进行心理及美育教育的功能；提出关注校园化的研究，将对完善学校管理、突出学校个性、增进学校体育改革发展的内在动力、实施素质教育具有指导作用和现实意义。     

中小学体育教学技能大赛的若干思考

本研究采用文献资料、问卷调查、领队访谈等研究方法,对第一届全国中小学体育教师教学技能大赛进行了现场调查,分析了中小学体育教学技能大赛的价值取向及存在的问题,研究认为,虽然绝大多数群体的价值认同度是一致的,但暴露出的问题也是多元的,如何落实教学技能大赛的初衷,如何更好的搭建起这一载体平台,确立教学技能大赛的逻辑主线,将成为未来一段时期人们值得思考的问题,也才能最终发挥这一载体的应有价值和使命。     

Exploring the educational landscape of juggling – challenging notions of ability in physical education

ABSTRACT

Background: Research on physical education (PE) shows a prevalence of narrow and reductionist views on what counts as ability. These views tend to privilege certain students and marginalize others, and often equate ability with technique-based sport performance. A lot of research is still directed towards the above problem. However, very few have devoted time and energy to actually resolving this problem. If no alternatives to narrow and reductionist views of ability are presented, then research will struggle to make a difference to the practice of PE. Assuming that movement is a key element in PE, the question of what counts as ability in PE is, we argue, a question of what capabilities a learner needs to develop in order to move in different ways. Investigating what movement capability can mean will provide possibilities for discussing and negotiating the meaning of ability in PE when the learning goal is something other than technique-based sport performance.

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to further advance the knowledge base of what movement capability can mean within the context of PE. By achieving this aim, we intend to challenge narrow views on ability and thereby provide enhanced possibilities for PE to make a difference for students’ abilities through education.

Theory and method: The process of coming to know something can be seen as exploring, with all senses, a landscape. Exploration involves recognizing details and nuances of the landscape and their relationships to one another. In this investigation, we examine what there is to know in the landscape of juggling using Ryle’s and Polanyi’s notions of knowing and learning. In line with a focus on the learners’ perspectives, interviews and observations were conducted with students whilst they were coming to know juggling. Ethnographic-type conversations were used to help students describe what they seemed to know or were aiming to know. Students were invited to write diaries with a focus on their experiences during the learning process, which we hoped could extend our insights regarding the experiential aspects in learning.

Findings: Findings of the investigation suggest that in the group of students, four significant ways of knowing the landscape of juggling are important: grasping a pattern; grasping a rhythm; preparing for the next throw and catch and navigating one’s position and throwing. The research challenges the narrow view on ability as technique-based sport performance by providing examples of what movement capability can mean in terms of knowing a movement landscape alternatively to knowing a specific movement ‘in the right way.’     

对体育与竞技关系的再认识

运用文献分析和比较的方法,从考查体育与竞技两个术语的概念入手,分析二者之间的异同点,从而揭示出体育与竞技之间的辩证关系,认为它们既相互联系、相互渗透,又相互区别.     

特殊教育学校体育的特点

为了提高对特殊教育学校体育的认识，进一步发展特殊教育学校体育，以普通学校体育为参照系，分析了特殊教育学校体育特点：特殊教育的对象是身心发展方面有缺陷和残疾的少年儿童，其身体和心理有别于正常儿童少年；身心缺陷的补偿与康复是特殊教育学校体育目标的重要内容；体育教学内容的选择更具针对性，追求体育课程的缺陷补偿和康复功能；个别指导是体育教学组织应遵循的重要原则、直观手段的补偿与综合运用是体育教学方法的显著特点；掌握系统的特殊教育理论和实际技能是体育教师的职业素质；场地器材应符合残疾儿童特点。     

大学体育课程改革问题剖析

走进当今大学体育课程,针对课程目标的细化、平等（教师与学生、学生个体与个体）概念对教育主体与客体的迷惑,理论研究与课程实施对象和实践环境的不和谐,对终结性评价的盲目否定等现状,从体育课程文化的传承与促进人的发展出发,提出了以教师为主体和丰富课程内容、构建新的课程评价体育的观点.     

体育教学中的审美教育

论述了体育教学中关育的意义及其所包含的主要内容：姿态美教育、形体美教育、心灵美教育、创造美教育、智慧关教育，并从行为、品格、语言、示范等方面对体育教师提出了若干要求。     

"通过身体的教育"和"针对身体的教育"辨析

通过对美国体育思想发展的回顾，分析美国当代学者对体育的认识，进而辨析“通过身体的教育”和“针对身体的教育”两种观点的异同，得出以下结论，即“通过身体的教育”和“针对身体的教育”两种体育观的主要分歧不在体育手段上，而是在体育目的上。“通过身体的教育”目的众多，与目的的唯一性不符，在实践中表现为教授运动技术，目的是否得以实现无从知晓；“针对身体的教育”目的明确，就是完善人的身体，、在实践中表现为健身知识技能的传授。     

Student outcomes of the physical education and physical literacy (PEPL) approach: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to improve physical literacy in primary schools

ABSTRACT

Background: Health organisations such as the United Nations continue to place an expectation on school physical education (PE) programmes and wider school strategies to ensure students develop physical literacy and receive the well-established benefits of meeting physical activity guidelines. Barriers to meet this expectation such as lack of trained PE teachers, lack of time and greater emphasis on academic achievement are ongoing challenges to schools. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the multi-component Physical Education Physical Literacy (PEPL) intervention, designed to improve students’ fundamental movement skill, perceived physical abilities and level of physical activity.

Method: A qualified PE teacher implemented the PEPL intervention across seven schools, and another seven schools formed a control group as part of a randomised cluster-based trial. Grade 5 students (N?=?318, age 10.4 years?±?SD 0.4) completed assessments of physical activity, fundamental movement skill, attitudes towards PE, and self-perceptions of physical abilities before and after a 33-week intervention. Intervention effects were examined using general linear mixed models. Post-intervention focus groups with students were used to develop insights into experiences and outcomes.

Results: With no significant gender interactions, the PEPL approach led to enhanced object control skills (β?=?1.62; SE?=?0.61; p?=?0.008), with little evidence of any other fundamental movement skill improvements in excess of those in the control group. There was also modest evidence for an effect on accelerometer measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during school time (β?=?4.50; SE?=?2.39; p?=?0.058), but this was not accompanied by any significant intervention effect over the entire week. Questionnaires indicated students in the PEPL programme became less satisfied with their own sporting ability (β?=??0.20; SE?=?0.08; p?=?0.013) but qualitative data analyses suggested that they enjoyed the PEPL approach experience, becoming more motivated and confident in their physical abilities.

Conclusions: Evidence of enhanced object control skill, increased confidence and motivation to be physically active, and moderate evidence of more MVPA during school time, indicate that the introduction of the PEPL approach contributed to the development of student physical literacy. A decrease in perceived sporting competence warrants greater attention on student’s self-perceptions in future iterations of the intervention.

Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry identifier: ACTRN12615000066583.     

山东省中小学体育与健康课程实施现状研究

1问题的提出根据《中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革，全面推进素质教育的决定》文件精神，原教育部部长吕福源于1999年10月在无锡学校体育工作会议上作了题为“总结经验、规划未来，全面推进素质教育，让青少年学生健康地奔向21世纪”的报告，明确提出了要“加强体育课程教材建     

重新审视课外体育锻炼在学校体育中的地位

通过对学生体质下降原因的分析,揭示出学校体育工作中对课外体育锻炼的不重视是造成学生体质下降的主要原因,并提出学校体育应以课外体育锻炼为中心,以体育课、课外体育训练和竞赛等形式为辅的观点。只有真正提高课外体育锻炼在学校体育中的地位,才能落实和保证学生“每天锻炼一小时”的任务,从而提高学生身体素质,有效完成学校体育的任务。     

论体育教学目标分类

对我国中小学体育教学目标分类现状进行分析,认为“认知、技能、情意”的目标分类并非针对体育课程所提出,这种分类缺少促进学生身体发展的目标,不符合我国体育课程的基本性质与价值,不适用体育教学的目标制订。“知识与技能、体能、情意”的目标分类更符合体育课程的性质与特点,对其归纳修正得出更加明晰的关于体育实践课教学的目标分类：促进动作发展的技能目标;促进身体发展的体能目标;促进精神发展的情意目标。三类目标相互联系,互为依存,不可或缺。     

体育的本质和功能

探讨了体育的本质和功能，提出了体育的属性。体育是一种强健身体的教育，它的独特功能就是育体。     

中小学体育与健康课程改革实验情况调查

：运用实地调查的方法对实验区实验前、后以及部分非实验区的情况进行了调查分析，结果发现：(1)学生积极主动的学习方式逐渐形成；以学生为中心的局面初步形成；学生学习效果明显，初步具有了一定的体育意识；教师初步建立了学生意识和课程意识，师生互动性增强。(2)学生的发展出现了两极分化及课堂愿望还不能完全得到满足等现象；教师存在形式主义、课堂上放任自流等现象；《课程标准》有待进一步完善。建议加大教师培训的力度和深度；逐步建立新的课堂教学常规；全面提高教研员的素质；进一步确立以学生为本的教育思想；争取家长的支持和配合；《课程标准》高中部分独立成册；实施小班上课。