Al-Li-Er合金的激光焊接工艺与组织性能研究

采用激光填丝焊对Al-Li-Er铝合金进行焊接处理,研究激光功率、焊接速度和送丝速度对焊接接头显微组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,当送丝速度为3 m/min和4 m/min时,Al-Li-Er合金焊接接头的焊缝面积都会随着激光功率和焊接速度的增大而逐渐减小;在相同激光功率和焊接速度时,送丝速度的增加会增大焊缝面积,且随...     

高功率光纤激光焊接的焊缝形貌

采用IPG5000高功率光纤激光焊接研究了激光工艺参数对焊缝表面形貌的影响,结果表明:当焊接速度较高时,焊缝形貌较差;保持激光功率不变,降低焊接速度,焊缝形貌可以得到一定的改善;降低激光功率的同时降低焊接速度可获得好的焊缝形貌。     

SLM成型AlSi10Mg倾斜薄壁件壁厚响应面法优化

针对激光选区熔化成形倾斜薄壁件尺寸精度低、成形质量差等问题,应用响应曲面法研究工艺参数及倾斜角度对薄壁件壁厚的影响,建立倾斜角度、工艺参数与壁厚相对误差关系模型。结果表明:倾斜角度对壁厚的影响最大,激光功率次之。由于倾斜角度改变,薄壁件悬垂面粉末支撑区域不同,导热效果存在差异,激光功率与扫描间距对于不同倾斜角度的薄壁件壁厚影响不同。其中,激光功率对45°倾斜薄壁件壁厚的影响最大,当激光功率选择150~350W时,壁厚相对误差最大差值为24%而扫描间距对90°倾斜薄壁件壁厚的影响最大,当扫描间距选择0.1~0.2mm时,壁厚相对误差最大差值为9.5%,合理的工艺参数能够有效降低壁厚相对误差。     

基于SLM的18Ni-300模具钢工艺参数优化

设计了以激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距、铺粉厚度为因素的正交实验,研究了SLM 成型18Ni-300 模具钢粉末过程中各个工艺参数对成型件致密度的影响规律,并进行了工艺参数优化。实验表明,在选定范围内,成型件致密度随激光功率的增加先增大后减小?随扫描速度的增加持续减小?随扫描间距的增加先增加后减小?随铺粉厚度的增加持续减小。最优工艺参数组为激光功率260 W、扫描速度500 mm/ s、扫描间距0.11 mm、铺粉厚度0.02 mm 时,成型件致密度99.99%,为所有实验中的最优值。     

6061-T5铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊技术对6061-T5铝合金进行焊接,分析了焊接速度对接头成形、微观结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着焊接速度的增加,沉淀相固溶度下降,晶粒细化;焊接速度过大时,热输入不足,呈现原始态组织.当转速为800 r/min,焊接速度为60 mm/min时,接头成形良好,抗拉强度达到最大值.采用合适的搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数,6061-T5铝合金能实现可靠的连接.     

激光焊接不锈钢的温度场数值模拟

采用有限元方法,建立了激光焊接不锈钢的三维瞬态温度场的计算模型,考虑了材料的热物理性能、相变潜热与温度的非线性关系以及表面对流换热和辐射散热等影响因素,使用SYSWELD软件对激光焊接过程中的温度场进行了分析。结果表明:在激光焊接的开始阶段和结束阶段温度快速上升,中间阶段温度变化较缓慢;沿激光束扫描方向和与扫描方向垂直的方向都存在较大的温度梯度,温度梯度的存在引起较大的热应力,而热应力的存在是焊接过程中易产生裂纹的主要原因。     

多层多道焊接参数模糊控制系统的设计

针对工业机器人中厚板多层多道焊接参数选择的难题,采用基于查表的模糊控制方式,选取送丝速度和焊接速度为控制量,熔丝面积为被控制量,利用Matlab得出了各个变量之间的模糊控制表,用C#编写软件,实现了焊接参数的模糊控制。以25 mm厚对接平焊为例进行试验,结果表明该系统能将焊接后熔丝面积与实际焊接需要填充量的误差保持在5%以内。     

激光焊接保护气嘴结构设计

针对高功率激光焊接过程中的气体保护问题,设计了三管组合保护气嘴结构。对保护气嘴的倾角以及三管气嘴的间距进行精确设计,三管组合保护气嘴通过三向活动导向臂与焊接头固定,并且可以很方便的调节气管方向及与焊缝的位置。通过和单管及双管保护气管的焊接效果相比较,三管组合保护气嘴结构可以得到光亮、平整的焊缝效果。     

马氏体相变对P91钢焊接残余应力的影响

基于仿真模拟软件SYSWELD,建立了P91钢材料属性数据库,设计开发了考虑马氏体相变的“热-冶金-力学”耦合计算方法,采用热循环曲线法对P91钢平板对接接头残余应力场进行数值模拟仿真分析。参照原始焊接工艺方案进行上下0.5mm/s焊接速度的调整,并进行残余应力仿真计算。结果表明,马氏体相变能抵消焊缝热收缩时产生的拉应力。后道焊缝焊接过程中施加的热载荷对前道焊缝应力变化和平板角变形有着显著的影响。考虑后道焊缝焊接过程中施加的热载荷对前道焊缝组织变化的影响时,焊接接头整体的拉应力大幅度下降,热影响区的拉应力上升,角变形起缓和作用。焊接速度越大,Von Mises残余应力和横向残余应力越大,纵向残余压应力越小。     

Numerical investigation of flow characteristics around two side-by-side cylinders by immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann flux solver

In this paper, to study the characteristics of the flow in a laminar regime, an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann flux solver (IB-LBFS) is applied to numerically simulate the unsteady viscous flows around two fixed and rotating circular cylinders in side-by-side arrangement. This method applies finite volume discretization to solve the macroscopic governing equations with the flow variables defined at cell centers. At the cell interface, numerical fluxes are physically evaluated by a local lattice Boltzmann solution. In addition, the no-slip boundary condition is accurately imposed by using the implicit boundary condition-enforced immersed boundary method. Due to the simplicity and high efficiency of IB-LBFS on non-uniform grids, it is suitable for simulating fluid flows with complex geometries and moving boundaries. Firstly, numerical simulations of laminar flow past two side-by-side cylinder are performed with different gap spacings at Reynolds numbers of 100 and 200. The simulation results show that a small gap spacing induces a biased flow and forms an irregular big wake behind two cylinders at a low Reynolds number. As the gap spacing increases, an in-phase or anti-phase flow is observed. Then, the effects of the main important parameters on flow characteristics are analyzed for flow past two side-by-side rotating cylinders, including the rotational speed, Reynolds number, and gap spacing. As the rotational speed is increased, the numerical results illustrate that unsteady wakes are suppressed and the flow becomes steady. As the gap spacing is increased, two separate vortex streets behind each cylinder are formed with a definite phase relationship and single shedding frequency.     

用激光表面处理改善碳素钢耐蚀性的研究

本文研究用激光表面处理使碳素钢表面合金化,从而提高普通碳素钢的耐蚀性,且研究表明随着焊缝中铬含量的增加,耐蚀性提高。研究还表明用较高的扫描速度和较大的激光功率可获得稳定的焊逢形状。     

Activating Flux Design for Laser Welding of Ferritic Stainless Steel

The behaviors of YAG laser welding process of ferritic stainless steel with activating fluxes were investigatedin this study. Some conventional oxides, halides and carbonates were applied in laser welding. The resultsshowed that the effect of oxides on the penetration depth was more remarkable. Most activating fluxes improved thepenetration more effectively at low power than that at high power. The uniform design was adopted to arrange theformula of multicomponent activating fluxes, showing that the optimal formula can make the penetration depth up to2.23 times as large as that without flux, including 50% ZrO2, 12.09% CaCO3, 10.43% CaO and 27.48% MgO. Throughthe high-speed photographs of welding process, CaF2 can minimize the plasma volume but slightly improve the penetrationcapability.     

Regulation law of turbine and generator in organic Rankine cycle power generation experimental system

In the performance experiment of organic Rankine cycle power generation experimental system, the loadresistance-regulation method is one of the most important regulation methods. However, the regulation law has not been clear enough to guide the experiment, which is unfavorable to the experimental research on organic Rankine cycle. In this paper the regulation law of turbine and generator by the load-resistance-regulation method is studied theo- retically and experimentally. The results show that when the thermal cycle parameters keep constant, the turbine speed increases with the increase of load resistance and there is a maximum value of transmission-generator efficiency with the variation of the turbine speed; when the turbine speed and generator speed keep constant, the transmissiongenerator efficiency decreases and gradually tends to zero with the increase of load resistance.     

Microstructure,mechanical property and corrosion resistance property of Cr26Mo3.5 super ferritic stainless joints by P-TIG and laser welding

The characteristics of microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion behavior of Cr26Mo3.5 super stainless steel joints by pulse tungsten inert gas(P-TIG)welding and laser welding were investigated. The results indicate that the widths of the center equiaxed grain zone(EGZ)and the columnar grain zone(CGZ)increase with the increase of heat input in both welding processes. The precipitates of Nb and Ti carbides and nitrides are formed in the weld metal(WM)and the heat affected zone(HAZ). The joints by laser welding show better tensile and corrosion resistance properties than those by P-TIG welding due to the heat concentration and lower heat input. The tensile strength and elongation increase with the decrease of heat input, and the fracture mode of the joints turns into ductile-brittle mixed fracture from ductile fracture when the welding method turns into P-TIG welding from laser welding. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of all joints declines slightly with the increase of heat input. Hence, laser welding is more suitable for welding Cr26Mo3.5 super stainless steel in engineering applications.     

激光靶测速相对误差影响因素研究

激光靶测速是速度测量的一种重要的实验方法,其测试效率高、精度高、抗干扰能力强、测速范围大、受环境因素影响小,很有工程应用前景。针对激光靶速度的实际工程应用背景,深入、系统地研究了在匀加速阶段和匀速阶段测速时影响测速相对误差的因素,得出了在这两个典型阶段测速时,激光靶的安装位置及其精度与测速相对误差的重要关系。同时,分析得到了在给定测速相对误差前提下,激光靶的最佳安装间距。上述结果对激光靶测速的相关工程应用和相关实验的设计与开发具有重要的指导意义。     

进气凸轮移相对发动机性能的影响分析

利用AMESim软件建立了春风152MI小型单缸内燃机模型,基于发动机原始数据对发动机模型参数进行了设置,并验证了模型的正确性;利用VVT凸轮移相原理改变模型中进气凸轮相位,研究其扭矩及功率的变化。结果表明：随转速的升高,进气迟闭角越大扭矩越大,功率也越大。     

胃镜活检钳的激光焊接工艺研究

采用波长为1.06μm的Nd:YAG激光器对胃镜活检钳进行焊接,通过调节激光的电流、脉冲宽度、离焦量等工艺参数对其进行精密焊接试验。研究结果表明,影响焊接效果的因素中,脉冲宽度决定了焊缝的凸起程度。通过采用较小激光能量条件下重复焊接两次或者三次这一独特工艺方法来克服激光能量稳定性、工件公差等缺陷,达到很好的焊接效果。     

Investigation of a spherical-section ultrasound phased array for hepatic ablation

A 3D ultrasound thermal model with a 3D finite element representation for modeling the thermal diffusion effects for hepatic ablation induced by spherical-section ultrasound phased array was developed. The model was first validated against available published measured data in rat liver. Using the validated model,effects of blood perfusion and heating schemes on lesion formation were studied for both single focus and split-focus intensity patterns. It was shown that for single focus sonication pattern the short-duration(～2 s) and high-intensity(～1250 W/cm2) heating scheme can completely reduce the cooling effect of the blood perfusion. The lesion shape and size were significantly altered by perfusion for split-focus pattern even with a rapid heating scheme when the focus spacing was larger than 2.4 mm. Underdosed areas might be present between two foci. Prolonging ex-posure time or shortening focus spacing can reduce the cool region between two foci. In addition,the influences of thermal and acoustic parameters were also studied. When the therapy depth is short(<5 cm) ,the lesion size monotonically increases with increasing attenuation coefficient that ranges from 5.4 to 11 Np/(m?MHz) .     

MSC.Marc有限元分析软件在焊接残余应力和变形模拟中的应用

焊接是工程制造领域广泛使用的一种高效构件成型制造技术,但焊接过程中因焊接局部加热而形成的残余应力和变形是在工程制造中不希望出现的。焊接数值模拟能较为准确预测焊接构件中的焊接残余应力和变形的分布情况,可用以指导制造过程中焊接工艺参数的优化和焊接顺序的选择,为降低试验成本和缩短产品制造周期提供了一种可行的方法。对MSC.Marc软件焊接模拟热源模型、材料模型以及其在焊接残余应力和变形模拟中的应用情况作了介绍。     

Inter-letter spacing,inter-word spacing,and font with dyslexia-friendly features: testing text readability in people with and without dyslexia

Over the last years, several studies have suggested a possible link between dyslexia and deficits in low-level visual processing (e.g., excessive crowding). At the same time, specially designed “dyslexia-friendly” fonts appeared on the market. This class of fonts presents two main features: the particular graphic characteristics of the letterform designed to avoid confusion between similarly shaped letters, and wider inter-letter and inter-word spacing to limit crowding. The literature testing the efficacy of “dyslexia-friendly” fonts in improving reading accuracy and increasing reading speed is controversial. We evaluated the impact of letterform (with vs. without dyslexia-friendly graphic features), inter-letter spacing (standard vs. increased), and inter-word spacing (standard vs. increased) on reading accuracy and speed. Two groups of 64 children each, with and without dyslexia, read aloud 8 equivalent texts. The data collected failed to show any effect from the letterform. As regards spacing, the data showed that reading speed is impaired by an increase in inter-letter spacing not combined with an adequate increase in inter-word spacing.