全身与四肢瘦体重3种测量方法结果间的一致性评价——以生存分析与一致性图谱法为例

目的:通过对18~56岁成年人使用生物电阻抗法(BCA I、BCA II)与双能X线吸收测定法(DEXA)测量全身瘦体重(LM)与四肢瘦体重(ALM),明确不同身体成分测量仪测量国人瘦体重分布特征时的差异,详述一致性界限与生存分析法在评价两种或多种方法测量结果间的一致性应用过程。方法:采用BCA I、BCA II与DEXA 3种设备测量163名成年人的身体成分,采用一致性界限与生存分析法评价3种设备测量LM与ALM结果的一致性。结果:男女受试者LM、ALM测量结果在3种测试方法中均具有较高的相关性(P<0.01),BCA I测量结果显著高于BCA II和DEXA,且都具有统计学意义(P<0.05),BCA II与DEXA的一致性程度较好。结论:生存分析与一致性图谱法可用于两种或多种方法测量结果间的一致性评价,两者可结合使用。相对于BCA I,BCA II与DEXA测量值一致性程度更好。     

Normative fat-free mass index values for a diverse sample of collegiate female athletes

The purpose of this study was to establish normative fat-free mass index (FFMI) ranges in collegiate female athletes. A sample of 266 female athletes (Mean±SD; Age: 19.7 ± 1.5 yrs, Height: 166.0 ± 6.4 cm, Weight: 63.2 ± 8.8 kg) were included in analyses. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured bone mineral content (BMC; kg) and lean mass (LM; kg). Fat-free mass index was calculated as follows: FFMI = (BMC + LM)/Height². Participants were classified by sport: cross-country (XC), field hockey, football, gymnastics, lacrosse, resistance-trained, swimming track. Mean, range and percentile ranks of FFMI were calculated for the full sample for each cohort. For all females, mean FFMI was 16.9 ± 1.7 kg/m², FFMI values ranged from 13.3 to 25.5 kg/m². The XC athletes had the lowest FFMI (15.3 ± 0.96 kg/m²; p < 0.001). Mean FFMI measures were similar between all other female athletes. Percentile ranks varied across sport; median FFMI was highest for football (18.0 kg/m²), lowest for XC (15.1 kg/m²) and ranged between 16.4 and 17.3 kg/m² for all other athletes. Establishing sport-specific FFMI values for female athletes may be beneficial for athletes and coaches by leading to more appropriate body composition goals based on FFM.     

对生物电阻抗法测定身体成分的评价

采用生物电阻抗法测定身体成分的基本原理,对其主要的测试指标进行了分析评价。认为生物阻抗法简便、准确,可灵敏反应成人减肥效果和运动员的体重控制。同时,可以准确测定儿童的身体成分,为纵向研究提供可靠的数据。     

普通大学生运动员与二级运动员的体成分比较研究——以山西高校为例

文章通过对山西大学、山西财经大学、太原理工大学、中北大学等高校2010年度校运动会上,各个项目前八名男子运动员与在校二级高水平运动员体成分进行比较,旨在找出某些规律性特征,从而为运动员科学选材、有效控制体重提供一定的客观依据。     

苏北农村男性居民身体成分与年龄变化规律的研究

运用文献资料、实验比较等研究方法,对与苏北农村男性居民体质健康状况非常密切的身体成分随着年龄增长而发生变化情况进行研究,探讨其身体脂肪含量的分布和变化规律。研究表明,苏北农村男性居民的体脂含量随年龄的增长而增大,并呈阶段性变化。成年后,脂肪增长是体重增长的主要成分,约占69%。身体脂肪的分布具有明显的增龄性变化,主要是向心性聚集,全身脂肪55%左右含量聚集在身体的躯干部位。     

Leg mass characteristics of accurate and inaccurate kickers – an Australian football perspective

Abstract

Athletic profiling provides valuable information to sport scientists, assisting in the optimal design of strength and conditioning programmes. Understanding the influence these physical characteristics may have on the generation of kicking accuracy is advantageous. The aim of this study was to profile and compare the lower limb mass characteristics of accurate and inaccurate Australian footballers. Thirty-one players were recruited from the Western Australian Football League to perform ten drop punt kicks over 20 metres to a player target. Players were separated into accurate (n = 15) and inaccurate (n = 16) groups, with leg mass characteristics assessed using whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Accurate kickers demonstrated significantly greater relative lean mass (P ≤ 0.004) and significantly lower relative fat mass (P ≤ 0.024) across all segments of the kicking and support limbs, while also exhibiting significantly higher intra-limb lean-to-fat mass ratios for all segments across both limbs (P ≤ 0.009). Inaccurate kickers also produced significantly larger asymmetries between limbs than accurate kickers (P ≤ 0.028), showing considerably lower lean mass in their support leg. These results illustrate a difference in leg mass characteristics between accurate and inaccurate kickers, highlighting the potential influence these may have on technical proficiency of the drop punt.     

低氧暴露及低氧训练对体重的影响

对国内、外关于低氧暴露及低氧训练对人体及动物体重影响的最新研究成果进行综述，分析了低氧暴露及低氧训练导致人体及动物体重下降的现象及可能原因；介绍营养品补充对低氧暴露时体重变化的影响；展望并分析低氧训练在运动员减体重中的应用。     

大众体育锻炼干预的理论模式

锻炼干预理论的发展对大众体育锻炼的推广具有重要意义。本文介绍了部分国外的锻炼干预理论模式，认为借鉴这些理论，发展适合我国情况的锻炼干预策略可能也是推动我国大众体育锻炼推广的有效途径。     

长期运动训练对速滑运动员体成分的影响

为探讨长期运动训练对速滑运动员身体成分的影响,采用美国产身体成分分析仪310e对吉林省8名男子速滑运动员的瘦体重、体重指数(BMI)、体脂百分率、身体水分、身体水分占瘦体重的百分比等几项生理指标进行测试。结果表明,长期速滑训练能有效减少体脂,瘦体重相对增大;BMI指数接近于正常人的标准;身体水分占瘦体重的百分比偏低,有轻微的脱水现象。     

大众健身实效性评估的第三方介入问题浅析

大众健身绩效评估是否具有实效性,介入的评估主体是一个关键因素.本文从介入评估主体的独立性、专业性和权威性三大方面与系统内部自办自评的评估进行了比较,认为第三方介入是使大众健身绩效评估具有实效性的最佳选择.     

中老年女性增龄性肌力流失特征的实验研究

目的：探讨中老年女性增龄性肌力流失的规律特征。方法：以85名中老年女性为实验组,按年龄分为3个年龄组,以29名青年女性为对照组,运用全身型双能X线骨密度仪、Con-Trex等速肌力测试系统进行全身肌肉质量,下肢髋、膝、踝关节屈伸等长与60°/s的等速肌力测试。结论：50年龄段的中年女性已表现出明显的肌肉质量流失、且在70岁前仍表现为以下肢肌肉质量流失为主的局部性特征。中老年女性下肢肌肉力量流失的增龄性特征表现为髋关节的肌肉力量流失最早表现,下肢肌肉收缩力量呈现快速流失的“拐点”约在60岁年龄段,且有肌肉的动态收缩力量的流失先于等长收缩力量的年龄特征。下肢三关节等长收缩力量流失呈现“髋-膝-踝”模式,60°/s的等速力量约在60岁后呈现“膝-踝-髋”模式。结论：老年女性膝关节屈肌较之伸肌可能有着更高的肌力流失速率。肌肉质量与力量流失的关系方面表现出力量流失先于质量流失的特征。     

Validation of Self-Report Measures of Physical Activity

Abstract

Accurate measurement of physical activity is fundamentally important in epidemiological research of physical activity behavior. A widely used telephone-based physical activity questionnaire was compared with other methods of administration and objective measures (pedometers and accelerometers) among 80 adults (43 women). The telephone questionnaire was comparable to both the self-administered form and international telephone-administered equivalent. Although moderate correlation coefficients with objective measures supported the use of the questionnaire, wide prediction intervals generated using Bland Altman methods highlighted large discrepancies between the measures, particularly in the moderate intensity category. These findings illustrate the limitations of correlation coefficients in validation studies and the inaccuracy of self-report questionnaires in measuring physical activity.     

试论体育赞助协议的法律效力

体育赞助为体育事业的发展提供了大量的资金支持,然而有许多体育赞助协议却得不到履行,使体育部门处于尴尬境地.该文通过对体育赞助协议的性质进行分析得出体育赞助协议分为捐赠性质的协议和赠与性质的协议.结合我国<合同法>和<公益事业捐赠法>,分析了体育赞助协议的法律效力,并提出了在签订体育赞助协议时,必须以书面形式签订,并予以公证,确保合同的强制执行力.     

肥胖儿童运动疗法的效果观察

为探讨健身运动对肥胖儿童身体健康的影响,为肥胖儿童健身运动处方的制定与实施提供理论与实践依据。随机选择20名肥胖儿童进行为期12周的综合运动训练,测试运动前后的身体形态及机能的多项指标,并与随机选择的20名肥胖儿童(未接受运动处方)的相应指标进行比较,结果表明接受训练的肥胖儿童的各项身体指标变化与未接受训练的肥胖儿童的各指标变化的比较,具有显著或非常显著的差异,运动效果显著。运动能有效地降低体脂,增加瘦体重,改善儿童心肺功能和身体素质。     

论奥林匹克教育思想与中国传统教育思想的契合

文章通过文献资料法和对比的研究方法,对奥林匹克教育思想与中国传统教育思想进行对比与分析,得出结论：同样作为人类文明的精华,奥林匹克教育思想与中国传统教育思想之间存在着诸多的契合点,主要体现在追求和谐、追求超越、崇尚公平和鼓励参与四个方面。深刻把握这些相通之处,对于消解奥林匹克运动与中国传统文化的冲突和差异,促进奥林匹克运动在全世界的深入发展、奥林匹克理想的最终实现以及中国体育成功走向世界均大有裨益。