体育运动：干预人类肥胖的有效手段

文章在大量收集国内外相关文献资料的基础上,综述了肥胖给人类带来的各种疾患,以及通过体育运动干预可能达到减肥的效果或已经达到减肥效果的案例分析,综述结论认为：中国无论是城市,还是农村学生的肥胖率有增无减;美国有40％的儿童都存在肥胖或超重问题;中美成年人肥胖或超重也呈上升势头,由此带来的“三高”疾病是极其明显的。对此,中国、美国、英国、日本等国家都在探索减肥的方法,其中通过体育运动干预肥胖取得了相应的效果,倘若体育运动干预与其他方法有机的结合起来,会取得更好的效果。     

Perceptions of Physical Competence,Motor Competence,and Participation in Organized Sport: Their Interrelationships in Young Children

Abstract

This study examined the interrelationships among perceived physical competence, motor competence, and participation in organized sport in young children. Males and females in Grades K through 4 (n = 250) were given The Perceived Competence Scale for Children (Harter, 1979) or The Pictoral Scale for Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (Harter, Pike, Efron, Chao, & Bierer, 1983), a 9-item motor competence assessment battery, and a questionnaire regarding their participation in sport. Results revealed that perceived physical competence for children in these grade levels was not significantly related to their participation in organized sport programs. Motor competence was significantly related to participation in that participants in organized sport programs performed selected gross motor tasks better than did nonparticipants. Further, children's reported perceptions of physical competence were significantly related to their demonstrated motor competence. Discussion focused on the theoretical and practical implications of the results.     

探讨我国少儿体育培训体系的现状与发展

少儿体育培训体系包括业余体校和体育传统项目学校,其中,体校是主体。本文分析了他们的生存现状、改革成果、现存问题,得出结论:体校生存面临重大挑战,传统校发展欣欣向荣。指出在总体上加大资金投入、改善场地条件、提高教练员水平,结合各自具体改进措施,可以改变体校举步维艰的现状,为传统校注入更强大的活力,从而使少儿体育培训体系的发展重获生机。     

我国儿童青少年体重过重和肥胖的原因及其预防对策

本文以我国儿童青少年为研究对象,基于社会健康观的视角,深入、全面地分析了儿童青少年学生体重过重和肥胖的原因、肥胖的标准。从体育学和营养学角度出发,提出对儿童青少年学生体重过重和肥胖预防和干预对策,并予以整合、提炼,试图为我国学校教育的健康教育提供参考。     

家庭资本与青少年体育参与研究进展

文章依据Bourdieu社会资本理论为理论框架,对家庭资本对青少年体育参与的影响进行综述。分析表明后续研究有必要厘清家庭资本中的相关概念,探析不同家庭资本交互作用如何影响体育参与,同时也应考虑两者关系中的文化差异和地域差异。     

The Importance of Adolescents’ Participation in Organized Sport According to VO2peak: A Longitudinal Study

Research from several countries has documented a decline in physical activity (PA) levels and in participation in organized sport with increasing age, indicating that organized sport may be of importance to adolescents’ cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how regular participation in organized and unorganized PA affected the development of adolescents’ CRF (peak oxygen consumption [VO₂peak]), when controlled for sex interaction. Method: Data on direct measures of VO₂peak and participation in organized PA among adolescents organized into 3 groups (participation in organized sport, participation in unorganized PA, and no weekly PA) were collected from 76 students (39 boys and 37 girls), when they were aged 14 and 19 years old. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between VO₂peak values in the 3 groups at both 14 years of age, F(2, 73) = 7.16, p < .05, ?² = .170, and 19 years of age, F(2, 73) = 14.00, p < .05, ?² = .300, independent of sex at both 14 and 19 years of age, F(2, 73) = 0.05, p > .05, ?² = .02, and F(2, 73) = 0.05, p > .05, ?² = .00. Adolescents participating in organized sport also had statistically significantly higher VO₂peak values than adolescents participating in unorganized PA and those with no weekly PA, at both 14 and 19 years of age. Conclusion: From a health perspective, in terms of CRF, the findings highlight the importance of encouraging adolescents to participate in organized sport and to refrain from dropping out of organized sport programs.     

江苏省青少年竞技体育发展战略

采用文献资料法、调查访问法等研究方法.对江苏省青少年竞技体育发展状况进行分析研究,探讨了实现江苏省青少年竞技体育发展的战略途径与对策,针对江苏省青少年竞技体育战略问题提出了具体的改进措施.     

美国青少年体育赞助与体育后备人才培养机制的启示

美国青少年体育赞助已经形成一整套成熟的机制，它促进了美国青少年体育的普及和发展，激励了体育后备人才的成长。学校体育与体育赞助的有机结合，是美国体育后备人才保持长盛不衰的一个重要因素。这种独具特色的青少年体育人才培养机制，对于我国青少年体育人才的培养具有重要的借鉴价值。     

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the youth experience survey for sport (P-YES-S)

This study investigated adaptation and the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Youth Experience Survey for Sport (P-YES-S). Translators, professors, and athletes participated. Athletes between 14 and 18 years were recruited. The instrument was the P-YES-S. Content validity was assessed by coefficients of content and kappa, while Cronbach’s alpha was used for internal consistency analysis and intraclass correlation for temporal stability. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were conducted to test the construct validity of the instrument. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) with the squared correlation between factors. Results showed acceptable levels for content validity, internal consistency, temporal stability, concurrent validity, and construct validity. The acceptable model was: X²/df = 1.54, GFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.92; AGFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91, AIC = 414.63, BIC = 610.93, MECVI = 1.41 and RMSEA = 0.0.04, p = 0.03. The adaptation process produced an instrument with 22 items and the dimensions of Personal and Social Skills, Cognitive Skills, Initiative Experiences, and Negative Experiences.     

青少年体育健康促进机制的研究——以浙江省为例

对浙江省11个地区有代表性的12所中小学就体育健康问题进行了问卷调查,调查内容涉及青少年对体育健康的基本认识、体育健康现状、影响其健康促进的相关因素,以及青少年进行课外体育锻炼的情况。对问卷材料的统计分析暴露了影响青少年体育健康状况的主要原因。在此基础上,提出了构建青少年体育健康促进机制的几个主要方面。     

江苏青少年家庭体育的调查研究

通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等,从江苏省青少年所在家庭的经济收入、父母的体育态度、父母的知识水平等三个纬度对青少年家庭体育进行调查研究,得出结论。1）父母对青少年参加体育活动的积极性不高;2）父母很少和青少年一起参加活动,家庭体育氛围不浓;3）青少年体育消费水平低。