共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
人格特征对棒球运动员运动损伤的影响 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
以应激—运动损伤理论(Williams&Andersen,1998)为依据,以棒球运动员为研究对象,以艾森克人格问卷为人格测量工具,以经过翻译并修订的《运动员生活事件量表》为应激经历的测量工具,采用二项logistic回归分析(后退法)法,考察了人格特征对运动员运动损伤的影响效应。结果显示:内外向、消极事件、消极事件与内外向的交互作用3个变量的OR值分别为5.020(P<0.05)、3.035(P<0.05)、0.925(P<0.05)。这表明运动员越趋外向、承受的消极生活应激量越大,则发生急性运动损伤的可能性就越大;运动员在内外向上的特质与所承受的消极生活应激量对急性运动损伤的发生产生了交互作用。 相似文献
2.
Dan K. Ramsey Ryan L. Crotin 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(5):553-570
Propulsion and bracing ground reaction force (GRF) in overhand throwing are integral in propagating joint reaction kinetics and ball velocity, yet how stride length effects drive (hind) and stride (lead) leg GRF profiles remain unknown. Using a randomised crossover design, 19 pitchers (15 collegiate and 4 high school) were assigned to throw 2 simulated 80-pitch games at ±25% of their desired stride length. An integrated motion capture system with two force plates and radar gun tracked each throw. Vertical and anterior–posterior GRF was normalised then impulse was derived. Paired t-tests identified whether differences between conditions were significant. Late in single leg support, peak propulsion GRF was statistically greater for the drive leg with increased stride. Stride leg peak vertical GRF in braking occurred before acceleration with longer strides, but near ball release with shorter strides. Greater posterior shear GRF involving both legs demonstrated increased braking with longer strides. Conversely, decreased drive leg propulsion reduced both legs’ braking effects with shorter strides. Results suggest an interconnection between normalised stride length and GRF application in propulsion and bracing. This work has shown stride length to be an important kinematic factor affecting the magnitude and timing of external forces acting upon the body. 相似文献
3.
Rugby Union scrumming puts the spine under a high degree of loading. The aim of the current study was to determine how sagittal hip range of motion and quadriceps fatigue influence force output, spinal posture, and activation of the trunk and quadriceps muscles in rugby scrumming. Measures of sagittal hip flexion/extension range of motion were collected from 16 male varsity and club first XV level participants. Sagittal spine motion (electromagnetic motion capture), trunk and quadriceps activation (electromyography), and applied horizontal compressive force (force plate) were measured during individual machine scrumming. Participants performed a 5-trial scrum block involving 5?s of contact with 1–2?min recovery between each trial. They then performed a fatiguing protocol (wall sit to failure) and immediately returned to the scrum machine to perform another five trials. Though there was no significant influence of fatigue on the horizontal compressive force applied during contact (P?=?.83), there was a 52% increase in cervical flexion (P?.001), as well as decreased (18–23% lower) abdominal and erector spinae muscle activation (P?.05). Furthermore, quadriceps activation decreased (12–25% lower) over the course of the initial scrum block but increased (13–15% higher) in the post fatigue block (P?.05). Although athletes were able to maintain force output following the fatiguing wall sit task, there is the potential that they may be at an increased risk of spinal injury due to the combination of increased flexion and high-applied compressive force; a combination which has been shown to increase the likelihood of intervertebral disc herniation. 相似文献
4.
Angel Gabriel Lucas-Cuevas Pedro Pérez-Soriano Salvador Llana-Belloch Cecili Macián-Romero Daniel Sánchez-Zuriaga 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(18):1712-1721
AbstractControversy exists whether custom-made insoles are more effective in reducing plantar loading compared to prefabricated insoles. Forty recreational athletes ran using custom-made, prefabricated, and the original insoles of their running shoes, at rest and after a fatigue run. Contact time, stride rate, and plantar loading parameters were measured. Neither the insole conditions nor the fatigue state modified contact time and stride rate. Addressing prevention of running injuries, post-fatigue loading values are of great interest. Custom-made insoles reduced the post-fatigue loading under the hallux (92 vs. 130 kPa, P < 0.05), medial midfoot (70 vs. 105 kPa, P < 0.01), and lateral midfoot (62 vs 96 kPa, P < 0.01). Prefabricated insoles provoked reductions in post-fatigue loading under the toes (120 vs. 175 kPa, P < 0.05), medial midfoot (71 vs. 105 kPa, P < 0.01), and lateral midfoot (68 vs. 96 kPa, P < 0.01). Regarding both study insoles, custom-made insoles reduced by 31% and 54% plantar loading under the medial and lateral heel compared to the prefabricated insoles. Finally, fatigue state did not influence plantar loading regardless the insole condition. In long-distance races, even a slight reduction in plantar loading at each foot strike may suppose a significant decrease in the overall stress experienced by the foot, and therefore the use of insoles may be an important protective mechanism for plantar overloading. 相似文献
5.
BackgroundHamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting. Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury. Understanding the effects of hamstring flexibility or strength training on the biomechanics of the hamstring muscles during sprinting could assist in improving prevention strategies and rehabilitation related to these injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering hamstring flexibility or strength on peak hamstring musculotendinous strain during sprinting.MethodsA total of 20 male college students (aged 18–24 years) participated and were randomly assigned to either a flexibility intervention group or a strength intervention group. Each participant executed exercise training 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Flexibility, sprinting, and isokinetic strength testing were performed before and after the 2 interventions. Paired t tests were performed to determine hamstring flexibility or strength intervention effects on optimal hamstring musculotendinous lengths and peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting.ResultsParticipants in the flexibility intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of the semimembranosus and biceps long head (p ≤ 0.026) and decreased peak musculotendinous strains in all 3 bi-articulate hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.004). Participants in the strength-intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of all 3 hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.041) and significantly decreased their peak musculotendinous strain during sprinting (p ≤ 0.017).ConclusionIncreasing hamstring flexibility or strength through exercise training may assist in reducing the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting for recreational male athletes. 相似文献
6.
青少年中长跑训练后疲劳消除的方法与措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
青少年运动员中长跑大运动量训练后,增加了负荷,并加深加重了机体的疲劳.本文是以文献资料为基础,结合教学训练中的实际情况,分析了中长跑训练后肌肉疲劳和神经系统疲劳两大主要因素并对其恢复的手段及措施进行了探讨. 相似文献
7.
通过对中国与日本、韩国和中国台湾棒球的开展状况及发展水平的对比分析,找出中国棒球落后的原因,以期为中国棒球更好的发展提供参考。 相似文献
8.
一个标准化的损伤报告不仅为评定运动损伤提供了重要的常见症状资料,也是一个制定预防损伤方案和监测损伤发生的频率、严重程度或变化的基础。此外,标准的损伤报告可被视为预防的一部分,因为它提高了人们对足球损伤潜在问题的认识。文章通过对有关足球损伤报告的标准化做一相关综述,旨为教学和运动训练等提供一些参考和建议。 相似文献
9.
Katherine Elizabeth Black Oliver C. Witard Dane Baker Philip Healey Victoria Lewis Francisco Tavares 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(10):1357-1367
Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could reduce muscle soreness and maintain muscle function following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. The aim of this applied field study was to investigate the effectiveness of consuming a protein-based supplement containing 1546?mg of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (551?mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 551?mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) twice daily (FO) compared to a protein-based placebo (P) on muscle soreness, countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and psychological well-being in 20 professional Rugby Union players during 5 weeks of pre-season training. Players completed a 5-point-Likert soreness scale with 5 indicating “no soreness” and a questionnaire assessing fatigue, sleep, stress and mood each morning of training, plus they performed CMJ tests once or twice per week. Data were analysed using magnitude-based inferential statistics and are presented as percent beneficial/trivial/harmful. On day 35, there was a likely (% beneficial/trivial/harmful: 94/5/1) moderate (0.75, standardized mean difference (SMD)) beneficial effect of FO vs. P on the change in lower body muscle soreness compared with day 0 (FO: ?3.8?±?21.7%; P: ?19.4?±?11.2%). There was a likely (92/7/0) moderate (SMD: 0.60) beneficial effect of FO vs. P on CMJ performance (change from baseline to day 35, FO: +4.6?±?5.9%; P: ?3.4?±?8.6%). From day 20, a moderate beneficial effect of FO on fatigue was observed. In terms of practical relevance, the moderate beneficial effect of adding fish oil to a protein-based supplement on muscle soreness translated into the better maintenance of explosive power in elite Rugby Union players during pre-season training. 相似文献
10.
11.
散打是一项新兴的融拳法、腿法与摔法为一体的武术搏斗运动项目,它具有对抗性强、运动强度大、动作变化多、实用性强等特点。散打运动不仅可以强身健体,塑造形体,锻炼品质,磨炼意志,还可以促进身心发展,提高生理心理承受能力,成为人们所喜爱的运动项目。但散打运动损伤的发生却限制了该项运动的普及与开展,文章对散打项目的运动损伤特点、成因及预防措施进行综述,为散打运动的开展提供更多的借鉴。 相似文献
12.
Alexander V. Melnikov Robert N. Singer 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):400-405
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine how one secondary physical education teacher understood gender at her school and how that understanding developed. Theoretical perspectives on feminism and the nature of teachers' knowledge guided the inquiry. Data were collected through 20 teacher observations and 60 interviews over 4 months and analyzed using constant comparison with frequent member checks to facilitate accuracy. Three main findings emerged. First, this teacher identified two aspects of the broader school culture, which she believed sent students, particularly girls, gendered and patriarchal messages of social positions. Second, she described a number of practices in the traditional physical education program, which she believed contributed further to girls' disempowerment. Finally, this teachers' stance in the political structure of the school both constrained and enhanced the development of her understanding of gender. Findings are discussed in relation to feminist theoretical stances and feminist teacher knowledge development. 相似文献
13.
等速运动技术对膝关节损伤后肌力训练的影响研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:评价等速运动技术在运动创伤中的应用价值,为运动创伤的功能康复提供有效的方法。方法:用Cybex-6000型等速肌力测试系统测试我院民族传统体育17例单侧膝关节损伤学生的肌肉功能。结果:患侧的各项肌肉功能指标均较健侧明显降低;而使用等速运动训练能较好地恢复损伤膝关节的肌肉功能。结论:等速肌肉测试技术是1种全新的肌肉功能评价方法,可提供可靠的量化指标和有效的训练方法。 相似文献
14.
文章通过对学练武术的学生进行下肢损伤调查,结果表明:下肢损伤发生率较高,并且以大小腿拉伤、踝关节扭伤和膝关节损伤等较为多见。准备活动不充分、用力过猛、技术不正确、场地不当等是发生损伤的主要原因,如果在学练武术过程中增强防伤意识,进行科学习练,加强医务监督等,均能有效地避免或减少武术运动中下肢损伤的发生。 相似文献
15.
Darrin Richards B. Johan Ivarsson Irving Scher Ryan Hoover Kathleen Rodowicz Peter Cripton 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(4):385-396
Ice hockey body checks involving direct shoulder-to-head contact frequently result in head injury. In the current study, we examined the effect of shoulder pad style on the likelihood of head injury from a shoulder-to-head check. Shoulder-to-head body checks were simulated by swinging a modified Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) with and without shoulder pads into a stationary Hybrid-III ATD at 21 km/h. Tests were conducted with three different styles of shoulder pads (traditional, integrated and tethered) and without shoulder pads for the purpose of control. Head response kinematics for the stationary ATD were measured. Compared to the case of no shoulder pads, the three different pad styles significantly (p < 0.05) reduced peak resultant linear head accelerations of the stationary ATD by 35–56%. The integrated shoulder pads reduced linear head accelerations by an additional 18–21% beyond the other two styles of shoulder pads. The data presented here suggest that shoulder pads can be designed to help protect the head of the struck player in a shoulder-to-head check. 相似文献
16.
超微结构变化及其与肌肉疲劳、损伤的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近年来有大量文献综述讨论这一专题。运动时肌肉损伤使输出功率减低,肌肉疲劳。运动后即刻超微结构变化最常见的表现涉及肌小节损伤,肌质网和线粒体颗粒肿胀。超微结构的变化程度参与肌肉疲劳的发生现未知。最可能的机制涉及直接抑制肌质网Ca~(2 )释放通道和在某种场合因兴奋收缩偶联阻断,但钙如何促使细胞损伤也仍未解决。钙激活蛋白酶类,磷脂酶A可能促进肌肉损伤,由于肌膜和亚细胞器膜结构降解,力竭运动后自由基增加,导致脂质过氧化增加和肌细胞完整性丧失。自由基能促进疲劳尤其显得重要,自由基防护剂可预期在一定程度上保护肌细胞。 相似文献
17.
浅谈中学生运动训练损伤的防治 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
结合教学实际,论述了学生在体育课和体育运动中损伤的防治,从而增强学生在体育课和体育运动中损伤防治的意识,提高自我保护能力,达到科学训练的目的。 相似文献
18.
篮球运动产生的初期,是没有任何身体接触的,而且也是禁止身体接触的。但随着篮球运动的发展,观众要求的提高,比赛竞争性、对抗性的日益激烈,篮球比赛规则从身体不接触过渡到身体可以接触,进而成为了身体直接对抗。随之而来的就是比赛和训练中出现的各种运动损伤也不断增多。文章通过对日常和比赛中产生运动损伤进行分析,以加强防范措施,最大限度地减少或避免损伤,从而保证篮球的训练与教学的正常进行。 相似文献
19.
卜爱云 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(9):122-124
篮球运动是一项集体性、综合性、围绕高空展开立体型攻守对抗的活动性游戏。篮球运动以其特有的魅力,吸引并深受广大学生的喜爱,是在校园里开展最好的体育活动之一。但由于篮球运动强度大、对抗激烈、身体接触多,以及在篮球教学和训练中缺乏足够的重视和有力的预防措施,各种损伤时有发生,严重困扰篮球教学和训练工作,更给学生日常生活学习带来诸多不便。因此,指导学生在篮球运动中预防运动损伤是十分必要的。 相似文献
20.
文章主要运用文献资料研究方法,对散打训练过程中如何预防运动损伤进行研究,寻找损伤产生的原因及预防运动损伤的方法,旨在避免或减少散打训练中的运动损伤,促进散打训练向着良好的、健康的方向前进。 相似文献