Learners’ perceptions and performance under peer versus teacher corrective feedback conditions

This study aimed to examine the effects of teacher corrective feedback (TCF) versus peer corrective feedback (PCF) on Iranian EFL learners’ speaking abilities, and to explore their perceptions of the two CF conditions due to the scarcity and inconsistency of findings in the pertinent literature. To fulfill these objectives, the students’ speaking performance was assessed before and after the treatments, and a questionnaire and follow-up interviews were employed to probe their attitudes. The findings showed greater improvements in the speaking performance of the PCF group although the students had a very low opinion of PCF and favored TCF owing to their concern over issues like trust, grade and face. Although these concerns adversely affected the students’ attitudes, they created facilitating anxiety which drove the PCF learners to engage in the process of learning more actively than their TCF counterparts. Hence, even in teacher-centered cultures, there is a role for PCF.     

大学英语课堂中反馈与接纳关系的实证研究

近些年来,二语课堂的师生互动研究在二语习得领域中备受关注。其中,修正性反馈是最为核心的部分。主要通过实证探讨大学英语课堂中教师修正性反馈与学习者接纳之间的关系。实验结果表明,引起学习者最多接纳的反馈是元语言反馈,其次是引导和要求澄清,再次是明确纠错和重复,最后是重铸。此外,学习者语言水平对修正性反馈的效果、接纳和修正错误都有影响。     

论有效重铸的特征

学术界普遍认为纠正性反馈对二语习得是有积极作用的。重铸已经被证明为使用频率最高的纠正性反馈方法,它的作用在二语习得研究方面受到越来越多的关注。我们对重铸的特征及其有效性的认识不断扩展,目前普遍认为,重铸的有效性受制于多种变量。本文通过文献研究,尝试探究有效重铸的特征并就如何进行有效反馈提出建议。     

Understanding ‘Together and Apart’: a case study of Edward’s explorations at nursery

Edward was one of 58 children studied by workers and parents as part of a study on Well‐being and Resilience at the Pen Green Nursery. Within the larger study, eight children were studied in greater depth in order to explore connections between cognitive and emotional development. Schematic theory and attachment theory were used as frameworks for analysing the observations. Video observations were made over a period of 18 months. These were viewed and analysed by a researcher, Edward’s mother and Edward’s Key Person in the nursery. Edward found separating from his mother extremely painful and repeatedly used his play with objects to explore ‘separation’ and ‘connection’. It is argued that children’s repeated actions may be prompted by current emotional needs and that links can be made between children’s schemata (repeated patterns of action) and emotional development by drawing on psychoanalytic theory. The author also acknowledges the novelty of this approach for her, as a teacher, although these kinds of interpretation are common within the fields of play therapy and psychotherapy and are used increasingly in education.     

聚焦式书面纠错反馈对习得英语一般过去时的影响

为探讨聚焦式书面纠错反馈对中国英语学习者习得一般过去时规则与不规则动词形式的效果,本研究对78名学生的看图作文分别给予直接纠错和附带语法信息的直接纠错,并通过前测、即时后测和延时后测考察了其效果。实验结果显示：1.书面纠错能促进英语一般过去时的习得;2.这两种纠错方式产生相似的习得效果;3.语法信息对粘着语素的习得没有帮助。该结果驳斥了Truscott书面纠错无效的观点,为反馈有效的论断提供了正面证据。     

对外汉语即时纠误反馈与学生课堂焦虑度研究

通过对CIEE（美国国际教育交流协会）上海学习中心的部分课堂的教学录音分析,结合对调查对象的汉语课堂焦虑度量表的统计,研究对外汉语教师使用的即时纠误反馈方式与学生课堂焦虑度之间的关系,并就研究结果提出相关建议。研究发现重述作为一种隐晦的纠误反馈方式,在降低课堂焦虑度方面确实起到明显的作用,而元语言提示的使用与学生的焦虑度呈正比。男生和女生在同样的课堂中,焦虑感趋于一致。     

英语口语教学中纠正性反馈研究

近年来,二语习得中的纠正性反馈问题引起了越来越多研究者的关注,然而针对这一课题的研究结果也众说不一。本文主要对有关纠正性反馈的主要理论和国内外实践研究进行了综述,然后探讨了国内针对英语口语教学中纠正性反馈的研究,并从研究范围和研究角度方面提出口语教学中纠正性反馈研究的启示。     

依恋理论对调节大学生负性情绪的启示

依恋理论孕育着丰富的心理健康教育思想。依恋的内部工作模式影响个体的认知、情绪及行为产生。大学生负性情绪已严重影响他们的学习和生活。有关依恋与负性情绪的关系研究为如何调节大学生负性情绪提供了参考。     

国外二语课堂反馈研究回溯

纠错反馈一直是二语习得领域备受关注的焦点,而关于纠错反馈的实证研究在我国刚刚兴起,在口语教学中反馈的实证研究更是罕见。基于互动教学与二语习得认知理论,回顾近些年国外纠错反馈的实证研究,阐述反馈、注意与二语习得的关系,反馈的分类及其理论框架,以及影响反馈有效性的因素,着重分析在课堂及实验室进行的不同类型反馈有效性的实证研究,强调了在我国实施反馈实证研究的重要性。     

Do cognitive distortions mediate the test anxiety–examination performance relationship?

The aim of this study was to follow up exploratory research suggesting that the inverse relationship between test anxiety and examination performance was mediated by cognitive distortions such as catastrophising. Self‐report data for measures of test anxiety and cognitive distortions were collected from students in their final year of compulsory schooling. Examination performance data was collected in mathematics, English language and science. Results supported a model in which cognitive distortions corresponding to the academic domain fully mediated the relationship between two components of test anxiety, worry and bodily symptoms, and academic achievement. This finding is consistent with theories attributing the debilitating influence of anxiety to the presence of interfering cognitions and helps to specify the nature of these interfering cognitions which test anxiety interventions may target.     

关于二语学习者对口头纠正反馈的接纳和注意的研究

Schmidt的注意假设认为,反馈可以帮助学习者注意到自己的中介语与目的语之间的差距,有助于中介语的发展。基于此,采用口试及访谈,探究哪种纠正反馈类型更能引起学习者对语言形式的注意和更易被学习者接纳。研究表明,所有纠正反馈都能在不同程度上引起学习者对语言形式的注意;元语言提示和诱导最能引起学习者的注意;学习者的注意度越高,接纳率也越高。     

教师纠正反馈对学生语言输入/输出的影响分析

文章根据Lyster和RantA所给的模式,通过一定量的课堂观察等实验,对综合英语课堂中教师的口语纠正反馈对学生的语言输入和语言输出的影响进行分析。结果发现,交际互动中教师对学生口语错误的纠正反馈能较大程度上引起学生对正确语言的理解,并对错误做出一定量的修正;适当的教师纠正反馈能加强学生的语言输入,促进学生正确的语言输出,对学生英语学习有积极的影响,因此,在综合英语课堂中教师对学生的口语错误有必要进行适当的纠正反馈。     

Peer bullying,self-serving cognitive distortions and school moral climate perception in Spanish and Dutch secondary school students / Acoso escolar,distorsiones cognitivas en beneficio propio y percepción del clima moral escolar en estudiantes de secundaria de España y Holanda

Students’ role in traditional bullying and cyberbullying was investigated in relation to self-serving cognitive distortions (SSCD), perception of school moral climate and bullying observation. Participants were secondary school students from Spain (n = 568; 286 girls) and the Netherlands (n = 421; 223 girls). The results demonstrated that in both country samples, bullies and bully-victims had higher levels of SSCD. Both Spanish and Dutch students who were directly involved in traditional bullying situations showed more negative perceptions of the school moral climate. In cyberbullying situations, bystanders scored higher on school moral climate perception than bullies and bully-victims. Furthermore, school moral climate perception was negatively associated with traditional bullying observation in the group of victims, and with cyberbullying observation in the case of victims and bystanders. The present findings suggest that future research should focus on the cause-effect relations of these factors, which could include measuring the effects on bullying prevalence of an intervention aimed at SSCD reduction in bullies and bystanders and the improvement of the school moral climate.     

分析性外语课堂互动中口头纠正反馈作用的研究

纠正反馈的作用一直是外语课堂研究的一个热点,但大多局限在口语课上,而对分析性外语课堂的研究较少。采用实验方法,探究了不同的口头纠正性反馈方式在分析性外语课堂互动中的作用。讨论了几种不同的纠正性反馈方式以及由此产生的几种不同的学习者接纳的频率和分布情况,还探究了在不同的分析性外语课堂教学活动中,不同纠正性反馈方式的频率和分布情况。并引出下一个研究问题：究竟哪种策略更能引起学生注意反馈呢？     

直接纠错反馈对学习者函电语法准确性的研究

为求证直接纠错反馈能否提高学习者外贸函电写作的语法准确性,在某大专院校二年级英语专业学生中进行了实验研究。被试分为接受直接纠错反馈组与未接受纠错反馈组。经过一学期的写作教学,被试共完成五篇信函写作。研究表明：本次实验中直接纠错反馈未能有效提高学习者外贸函电的语法准确性。