远程开放教育中形成性考核的思考

根据现代远程教育的特点,课程考核采取形成性考核和总结性考核相结合的方式。通过形成性考核,可加强对学生学习过程的引导、指导和管理,改善教与学相对分离的状态,培养学生养成自主学习的习惯,提高学生的综合素质。     

浅谈英语教学中形成性评价

英语教学过程中实施形成性评价可通过以下形式：课堂活动评价,作业评价结合激励性评价,作文档案袋评价,笔试与口试相结合,学生全面素质报告评价。     

Conceptualizing pre‐emptive formative assessment

This paper seeks to unpack some dimensions of formative assessment not yet fully articulated in the existing literature. It introduces the term, pre‐emptive formative assessment to denote teacher actions which attempt to clarify student understandings before misconceptions have resulted in ineffective learning outcomes and/or loss of marks in assignments or examinations. It is suggested that this dimension is common in practice but its principles and practice have not yet been conceptualized. The rationale for pre‐emptive formative assessment stems from key issues in the provision of useful feedback, namely timeliness and the opportunity for students to act. An example of pre‐emptive formative assessment is described and issues in its implementation discussed. Limitations of pre‐emptive formative assessment are examined. The paper concludes by arguing that pre‐emptive formative assessment is worthy of wider attention, and outlines some directions of further exploration and ongoing data collection.     

Criteria-referenced formative assessment in the arts

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of criteria-referenced formative assessment on achievement in the arts. Seventy-five schools in New York City were assigned to either the treatment or control condition. The treatment involved 3195 elementary, middle, or high school students instructed by 43 music, visual arts, theater, or dance teachers. The teachers were involved in a professional development program focused on formative assessment practices, particularly criteria-referenced peer and self-assessment. The control group consisted of 2445 students in classes instructed by 32 teachers who did not receive the professional development. Discipline-specific, performance-based pre- and post-measures were used to evaluate student learning. Fidelity of implementation was examined before the analysis of the treatment effect. Propensity score matching analysis was used to examine group differences in performance on the post-assessment. Results based on a sample of 611 matched pairs of students showed that, overall, criteria-referenced formative assessment had a statistically significant, positive effect (d = .26) on students’ arts achievement.     

Developing the theory of formative assessment

Whilst many definitions of formative assessment have been offered, there is no clear rationale to define and delimit it within broader theories of pedagogy. This paper aims to offer such a rationale, within a framework which can also unify the diverse set of practices which have been described as formative. The analysis is used to relate formative assessment both to other pedagogic initiatives, notably cognitive acceleration and dynamic assessment, and to some of the existing literature on models of self-regulated learning and on classroom discourse. This framework should indicate potentially fruitful lines for further enquiry, whilst at the same time opening up new ways of helping teachers to implement formative practices more effectively.

How teachers experience assessment tension and its effect on formative assessment practices

Formative assessment (FA) has been a popular discourse in education, but its potential benefit is fundamentally dependent on teachers’ willingness to make changes to their classroom practices. These changes bring about much assessment tension (AT). This paper argues that how well teachers experience and manage AT determines the efficacy of their FA practices. Past studies have warned that AT experienced by teachers is complex and problematic. Therefore, it would be useful to investigate the variation of AT experienced by teachers, and how well they are dealing with these tensions. This phenomenographic research examines the use of FA in the context of different ways that AT is experienced. Findings on teachers’ conceptions of AT are presented, and each is then discussed for insights into teachers’ meanings and practices of assessment. In particular, instances of how AT hindered or helped FA are identified to highlight more productive ways of understanding and using assessment to support students’ learning. Implications of the research findings for the Singapore Teaching Practice (STP) will be discussed.

     

翻转课堂与形成性评价结合的教改探索

在教学过程中实施形成性评价,有助于改变应试型学习动机。结合近年来新兴的"翻转课堂"理念,强调学生课堂外的自主学习,更有助于培养学生优良学习作风和独立学习能力,且有利于对学习结果的评价,成为学习过程不可分割的部分,并为学习过程服务。     

Validating written feedback in clinical formative assessment

Abstract

Formative assessment is widely accepted as being crucial to promoting student learning and, since 2010, the UK General Medical Council has mandated its use in workplace-based clinical training for all new doctors. As a result, the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) instituted a range of formative workplace-based assessments including the Radiology Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (Rad-DOPS), in which supervisors appraise trainees’ performance in carrying out clinical procedures. This paper reports on the quality of the written feedback in 2,500?Rad-DOPS online feedback forms in addressing the aims of the new assessment approach. Random samples of 500 were selected from the first three years of the new assessment implementation, 2010–13, and from 2016 to 17. Using an appropriate coding frame, the feedback was analysed across the samples against key trainee attributes including stage of training and level of adjudged competence. Criteria for identifying high quality feedback were derived from the literature and a simplified form of qualitative comparative analysis was used to identify the conditions associated with high quality feedback. An average of 97% of the assessments contained written feedback but the number of instances of high quality feedback was found to be exceedingly small at around 5%. The paper offers suggestions for making the feedback process more purposeful in achieving the aims of formative assessment.     

The missing disciplinary substance of formative assessment

We raise concerns about the current state of research and development in formative assessment, specifically to argue that in its concentration on strategies for the teacher, the literature overlooks the disciplinary substance of what teachers and students assess. Our argument requires analysis of specific instances in the literature, and so we have selected four prominent publications for consideration as examples. These, we show, pay little attention to the student reasoning they depict, presume traditional notions of “content” as correct information, and treat assessment as distinct from other activities of learning and teaching, even when they claim the contrary. We then offer an alternative image of formative assessment centered on attention to disciplinary substance, which we illustrate with an example from a high school biology class. Assessment, we contend, should be understood and presented as genuine engagement with ideas, continuous with the disciplinary practices science teaching should be working to cultivate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 1109–1136, 2011     

加强形成性评价 提高英语学习成效——探索提高英语B级测试成绩的途径

形成性评价是以学生为中心、注重能力培养的一种教学方式。在高职英语教学中,通过实施对学生课堂学习行为、课堂活动参与及作业的评价,建立学生学习档案,实行以评价学习过程为主的评价标准,能有效地提高学生英语B级测试成绩,极大地调动学生学习的积极性。     

技工教育应强化形成性考核评价

近年来,技工教育随着社会经济的快速发展而进入发展快车道,各地院校办学规模普遍扩大,内涵建设逐渐加强,教学改革不断深入,其中改革考核评价方式已有众多院校在进行积极探索。     

基于形成性评价的通信电子电路教学研究

针对通信电子电路教学改革,提出了基于形成性评价的通信电子电路教学模式。该教学模式过程分为目标、设计、实施与评估4个阶段,以解决学生在学习通信电子电路中遇到的难点为目标,设计形成性评价教学活动,并在实际教学中激发学生的自主学习和扩展学习的能力,而教师也将在实践与反思中获得对学生的更深层次的理解并完善教学法。实践结果表明,新的教学模式明显提高了通信电子电路教学的整体质量和学生的整体素质。     

形成性评价在大学英语视听说课程中的应用研究

随着大学英语教学改革的深入,对评价方法的改革引起越来越多的学者和教师的关注。和传统的终结性评价相比,形成性评价具有重过程,重能力的培养,关注学习个体等优点。由于视听说课程本身的特点,传统的终结性评价无法客观地反映出学生在学习过程中所投入的热情,采取的学习策略,锻炼的语言应用能力,因而引入形成性评价体系对视听说课程的建设和发展具有很大的指导意义。     

形成性评价对大学生英语学习能力培养的作用

形成性评价注重学习过程,能够培养学生的良好的自主学习意识和习惯、提高自我效能感、优化自主学习策略、把教与学引入良性发展的轨道,从而提高英语能力。     

形成性评价在职业英语教学中的应用

近年来,基于新课标的相关要求而制定的形成性评价方法在职业英语教学中得到了广泛的应用。这一评价标准在提高学生的英语学习成绩和教学效果等方面虽初见成效,但也存在工作量较大、评价结果失真、形成新的互助矛盾等问题。分析形成性评价的影响和问题存在的原因,并有针对性地解决这些问题,在提高职业英语教学效果方面有着积极的实践意义。     

利用计算机实施化学形成性评价

介绍了一种由香港学者研究开发的用于化学教学中形成性评价的软件,着重介绍了该软件的特点和使用方法,阐述了其对教师改善自身教学、学生提高学习效能的促进作用.