The History of Paper and Public Space

This article introduces a group of articles on the history of paper and issues of scarcity in the history of newspapers and news media generally. The articles discussed share a concern with the parallels between paper scarcities in newspaper history and spectrum scarcities in broadcast history. This introductory essay comments on the similarities and differences between the two kinds of scarcity and comments more broadly on the rise and fall of bottlenecks in media systems, paying attention both to how scholars have discussed materialities of media communication and how legacy news media in the digital era have encountered a new competitive landscape.     

Spotlight and Investigative Journalism: How the Film Reinforces the Essential Role of a Free,Professional Press in a Democracy

This article examines key scenes and ideas portrayed in the film Spotlight and discusses related landmark Supreme Court cases as a reaffirmation of the value of a professional, free press in a democratic society. Based on actual events, the movie adaptation follows journalists from the Boston Globe (within an investigate unit with the actual name “Spotlight”) as they reveal one of the biggest scandals of the twenty-first century, the cover up of systematic abuse of children by priests; and go up against one of the most powerful institutions in the world, the Catholic Church. By giving a voice and a platform for the victims, and by meticulously researching the story, the film provides a clear and strong argument for the continued court protection of one of the United States’ founding principles: freedom of the press.     

浅析战时新闻管制的新方法:"嵌入式报道"

媒体与军方是根本上迥异的两类组织,有着在目标、任务等方面的内在冲突.在2003年美国发动伊拉克战争前夕,美国军方率先推出的“嵌入式报道“制度,继而革命性地改变了战时新闻控制.无疑,“嵌入式报道“新现象的出现昭示了战时新闻调控的新发展与新趋势.     

坚守与创新:2019年中国新闻传播史研究综述

2019年中国正式进入5G时代,中国新闻传播史研究与传媒发变革时代的发展交相辉映,涌现出一大批新闻传播史研究成果。综观2019年中国新闻传播史研究体现出以下特点:新中国70年、“五四”运动100年,周年性反思特征明显;报刊报人仍是研究重心,报刊阅读史成果涌现;新闻传播教育史研究持续升温;新闻传播思想史研究亮点突出;新闻图史研究继续受到关注;2019年中国新闻传播史研究在坚守与创新中,研究的外延不断拓展发展。     

媒体传播区域历史的意义与途径

媒体与区域历史有千丝万缕的联系,区域历史是传媒挖掘不尽的文化财富,既可丰富传播内容,又能赢得受众的广泛欢迎.但媒体在传播区域历史的过程中,需要解决承接与传达这一对矛盾,让历史文化体现当代性、现代性、应用性、多样性和普及性.     

Media and the Imaginary in History

This paper discusses how media theory and history should approach specimens of evidence about the cultural reception of media pertaining to the realms of the fantastic, such as speculations, predictions, dreams, and other forms of fantasy regarding media. It argues that the role of the imaginary in the history of media can be fully comprehended only by employing a perspective which is dynamic in time. In different phases of a medium's evolution, in fact, we find different fantasies; it follows that we need specific approaches to study them. The article discusses fantasies which are specific to three stages in media change: those preceding the actual invention of a medium; those accompanying the earliest period after the introduction of a new medium; and those connected to old media.     

Press Credentials and Hybrid Boundary Zones: The Case of WorldNetDaily and the Standing Committee of Correspondents

ABSTRACT

Press credentialing practices are a vital, yet understudied site of scholarly research on journalistic norms and practices. Press credentialing not only structures internal professional hierarchies, but they also signify the boundaries of the journalistic field itself. This paper explores the legal and theoretical implications of press credentialing to cover the United States Congress, drawing on the concepts of boundary work and journalistic authority to demonstrate the material impact of the space between fields on professional legitimation in journalism. Using WorldNetDaily (WND) as a case study, I argue that the Standing Committee of Correspondents (SCC) occupies a hybrid boundary zone between the journalistic and political fields, generating a unique tension in First Amendment jurisprudence that places journalists in a paradoxical role as both the professional embodiments of free speech and its constitutional steward. The resulting jurisdictional conflict between the SCC and WND extends the relational model of journalistic authority by articulating how journalist-state relations can fundamentally augment the process of legitimation at its fuzzy boundaries. The relevance and implications for press credentialing practices in the digital age are discussed.     

OUT-ing AIDS

Little is known about the relationship between the Irish gay press and the AIDS crisis during the 1980s. This article aims to fill this gap by presenting the findings of a study dealing with the AIDS epidemic in Ireland and how it was confronted through the alternative media platform of OUT magazine. Using issues of OUT, it argues that alternative media in Ireland were pivotal in generating vital public health information for the gay community, particularly when the mainstream press and Irish government were not providing the necessary resources. This article also highlights the activist potential of alternative media such as OUT, as it engaged with public bodies in an attempt to hold them accountable for their response, or lack thereof, to the epidemic. The Irish gay press is thus an important example of how alternative media are critical when mainstream society ignores a particular group’s public health needs.     

论中国古代地方新闻媒介起源于东周末年《春秋》

本文考察了东周末年春秋时期诸侯封国《春秋》产生动因、名称来源、内容属性、“《春秋》人”的职业秉性及《春秋》发挥社会功能的途径等方面特征后,认为产生于春秋时期的各诸侯封国《春秋》已经具有新闻媒介的主要属性,并因其具有鲜明的区域特点而成为中国古代地方新闻媒介的起源;从某种意义上认识,也可说是中国古代新闻事业的起源。     

大卫·诺德的“新闻机制史”书写路径及其知识贡献——以《新闻的共同体:美国报纸和它们读者的历史》为中心

以詹姆斯·凯瑞的讨论为源头,兴起于20世纪70年代的新闻史观变革运动推动了美国新闻史研究走出辉格式的、线性的、进步的传统范式。大卫·诺德延续了凯瑞的新闻文化史路径,将其进一步聚焦到以阅读史为代表的新闻机制史的范畴中。他的《新闻的共同体》重新定义了"新闻"与"新闻史"的内涵,从"生产的共同体"和"接收的共同体"两个维度阐发了北美新闻传统中的共同体精神。他的新闻史研究试图将文学批评、历史学、传播学、社会学等融合在一起,建立一种兼顾人文主义和社会科学的新的关于传播的历史。由于他的新闻史观是地方性的,国内研究借鉴时要注意可行性和合理性。     

新闻出版标准与新闻出版法规体系的协调发展研究(一)——基于我国新闻出版标准与新闻出版法规所涉概念的不同解释分析

从新闻出版总署的标准化协同工作平台及四个标准化技术委员会的网站中搜集有关标准和法规涉及的相同概念,将法规与法规、标准与标准、标准与法规中相同概念的解释进行比较,找出解释不一致的概念。存在这种不一致,其原因主要在于制定目的不同、适用范围(针对性)不同、制定程序不同和制定主体不同。新闻出版法规和新闻出版标准要协调发展,首先新闻出版法规和新闻出版标准的概念要相互借鉴,达成统一;其次新闻出版标准自身应体系化;再次应加大新闻出版标准的宣传力度。     

新闻出版标准与新闻出版法规体系的协调发展研究(二)——从中国标准书号的规制现状谈起

我国书号规制体系由书号规制的标准体系和法规体系构成。书号规制的标准体系包括《中国标准书号》(GB/T5795-2006)和《中国标准书号条码》(GBT12906-2008);法规体系包括《出版管理条例》《图书质量保障体系》《图书出版管理规定》《书号实名申领管理办法》等。总体上看,书号规制的标准体系和法规体系之间还是保持了一致性。但书号规制的标准体系存在书号的书写格式不规范、书号的滥用等问题;法规体系存在法规之间规定不一致、法规之间援引不准确、法规条文过时等问题。为保证新闻出版标准体系与新闻出版法规体系的协调发展,应及时更新新闻出版标准和法规,使我国的新闻出版标准和法规与时俱进;同时,制定法规和标准的各部门应充分沟通,保证规范同一领域的标准和法规的内容协调一致;加强书号标准和法规的宣传贯彻,对非法行为严惩不贷。     

WHEN NEWSMEN MAKE NETWORKS

When news reporters connect people in a news story they essentially construct social networks in the news media. Networks through which news sources can be aligned symbolically in written, audible or visual form. This particular type of network is first defined and described with reference to the ways in which the concept of networks has previously been used by researchers and news reporters. Following this conceptualization the vision of networks in the news media and the adjacent vocabulary are then operationalized and used as a backdrop for an analysis of Danish newspapers from 1905 to 2005. This is an approach that can help delineate—and graphically visualize—how networks in the news media have evolved over the past century, and the content analysis shows that the socio-symbolic networks not only augment communicative actors and structures from parliament and other pre-existing platforms for communication, but also complement or even substitute them. The development offers people both inside and outside news rooms new potentials—and problems—when it comes to affecting the lives of people connected directly or indirectly to the networks.     

"互联网+"环境中期刊数字化发展程度与学术影响力的关系——以江苏地学类期刊为例

当代中国的政治、经济和社会文化环境以及传播技术和机构有其特殊性,中国科技期刊编辑职能的沿革除具有共性外,也有着自己鲜明的特点.文章聚焦于我国科技期刊编辑职能的沿革,以时间为主线,梳理影响出版业发展的几次重大变革对科技期刊编辑职能的影响,以期得出目前我国科技期刊编辑的主要职能,为在迷茫中前行的编辑找准自己的定位提供参考.通过梳理,发现信息筛选和编辑加工是编辑的基本职能,选题策划和营销是多年来在内外因素作用下新生的重要职能,其重要性甚至超过了基本职能,而新的数字技术,使编辑的上述职能更加多元,若要胜任编辑工作,编辑必须提高自身的媒介素养.     

The Use of Generic Frames in Elite Press: Between Conflict,Neutrality, and an Empowered Journalist

ABSTRACT

We propose to submit the existence of the five generic frames advanced by Semetko and Valkenburg [2000. “Framing European Politics: A Content Analysis of Press and Television News.” Journal of Communication 50 (2): 93–109. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x] to a qualitative validation test. We strive to enrich this theory, given its potential to do comparative research across borders, testing it outside the cultural context where it was created, and thus contributing to perfecting its research methods and application, with the inclusion of local frames, better adapted to the Latin American cultural space. A three-year sample of political coverage was analyzed in two Chilean mainstream newspapers often accused of uniform ideological perspective. Although the five frames are used, a simplified form of the conflict frame practically eclipses the other four in use. Two others were identified (“defense” and “informative”), as well a narrative perspective, almost like a meta-frame, which installs the perception that the journalist knows more than ordinary citizens, their colleagues and other political actors.     

我国新闻职业道德研究的历史与现状述评

本文分析了我国新闻职业道德的研究状况、研究的主要视角和内容。     

The Future of Journalism—Who to Believe?

This work collates the opinions of European professionals and internet users concerning the changing reality facing the world of journalism following the explosion of digital media. Our research shows the results of analytical surveys conducted between October 2013 and January 2014 among 54 professionals of renowned prestige, and 500 regular users of the digital media in the five most populated countries in the European Union: Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy and Spain, all states affected to a greater or lesser extent by the crisis of the printed press. The surveys cover a wide range of topics, from the impact of social networks, the quality of the digital media, the willingness of citizens to pay for content and the degree of interactivity in the digital media for the future of journalism. Professionals and users agree that the news in 2020 will be better and more interactive than now. With regard to other matters, there is more disagreement. Professionals are much more critical than users when it comes to evaluating the quality of the news. The professionals’ survey was more qualitative, and, in their opinion, overcoming the crisis in the written press implies, among other measures, promoting analysis, prioritising quality over quantity and offering “niche” specialisation.     

科技期刊经营的一种新模式——《中国实用内科杂志》主办媒体见面会的经验

介绍《中国实用内科杂志》编辑部主办的媒体见面会的过程,认为媒体见面会构建了学术期刊发表的最新科研成果大众化传播的有效机制,是科技期刊提升自身形象,体现社会责任感的重要途径。同时强调媒体见面会是科技期刊的一种新的经营模式,需要更多的实践和探索。     

大学出版的可能性:大学与大学出版的互动

大学和大学出版,其目的都是为了传递知识。大学出版社以出版学术著作为己任。大学与大学出版的互动,有助于出版业的发展。近年来,中国大学出版社发展迅速,但在学术出版上有待继续努力。     

The “Free Press” of Unionized Journalists and Students

This paper outlines a history of the union organizing of the American Newspaper Guild at Thomson Newspapers’ Peterborough Examiner in Canada from 1968 to 1969. It examines the communication tools that union members used to facilitate this labor organizing and “bite back” at the profitable Thomson chain. Peterborough newsworkers went on strike from November 1968 to April 1969 over union recognition. During the strike, the union members built an unprecedented alliance with Ontario university students, collaboratively launching a strike newspaper called the Peterborough Free Press. Expanding on the concept of temporary labor convergence, this paper considers how strike newspapers can be seen as a form of alternative journalism that newsworkers use as a campaigning tool to communicate their struggles to the public and put pressure on news corporations to bargain with them. This case study is situated in the local institutional contexts of labor relations at the Peterborough Examiner and the news industry in Peterborough, where Thomson Newspapers had a media monopoly. It is based on labor standpoint and signal juncture analyses of union archival documents and newspaper content. The research ultimately suggests that newsworkers should not only focus on communication tools but also build bridges with community members.