关于女子篮球运动员比赛成败归因的研究

本研究以 Weiner归因理论为依据 ,探讨了我国女子篮球甲级队运动员对比赛结果的归因、期望和情感反应特点。结果显示 ,女子篮球运动员对比赛成败有不同的原因认知 ;失败后的期望显著地高于成功后的情境 ,且极显著地认为失败的结果可以改变 ;成功后主要产生感激、自豪、欣慰 ,失败后主要产生内疚、惋惜 ,成功后情感反应强烈 ;女子篮球运动员对比赛成败归因存在主力运动员与非主力运动员之差别 ,主力运动员情感反应强于非主力运动员。     

大学生田径运动员比赛成败的归因调查与分析

以现代归因理论为依据,采用问卷法,探讨山东省大学生田径运动员对比赛结果的归因、期望和情感反应特点。结果显示,大学生田径运动员对比赛成败有不同的原因认知;失败后期望显著地高于成功后的情境,且明显意识到失败的结果．-j-~改变;面对成功,倾向于内部的、稳定的、可控制的归因;成功后主要产生感激、自豪、欣慰的情感,失败后主要产生内疚、惋惜的情感,成功后情感反应强烈。     

女篮运动员比赛中效能期望,归因和情感反应的相关研究

运用归因维度和效能期望量表问卷对女子篮球运动员比赛中效能期望、归因和情感反应进行相关研究,结果表明：效能期望影响着女篮运动员比赛中的归因和情感反应;女篮运动员倾向于把比赛结果归于个人可控制的、不稳定的和内部原因;归因能预测比赛后的情感反应,但并非所有归因维度都与比赛后的情感反应是显相关;比赛成败结果是影响女篮运动员归因和情感反应的重要因素;比赛的效能期望、归因方式和情感反应均存在着显的主力与非     

体育课爱好对运动原因归属的影响

依据W einer的原因归属理论,采取问卷调查与实验相结合的研究方法,探讨了学生对在体育爱好与否的影响因素、各因素与运动结果（成功或失败）、情感反应以及对成功的期望之间的相关性。结果表明：与失败相比,成功易归因于努力、兴趣、体能状况及教法因素;因运动能力而爱好体育课的学生比那些因运动能力低而不爱好体育课的学生有意地将成功归因于能力因素;成功时,统制位置与情感反应具有相关性,安定性要素与成功的期望具有相关,而在失败时,非安定性因素与成功期望的变化相关。     

归因训练在高等中医院校篮球专项课中的试验研究

以高等中医院校篮球专项课教学为切入点,以学生篮球考试为成败情境的体验,编制<高等中医院校大学生篮球技术学习成败归因调查问卷>,对篮球专选课的学生进行施测,并以归因训练为干预手段,对其进行了归因训练教学干预,通过实验后得出结论:通过归因训练,能改变学生的归因方式;可以提高学生追求成功的动机,降低避免失败的动机;归因训练有助于提高篮球学习成绩;在归因训练中,应该注意因人而异,区别对待;在体育领域的归因训练,应该加入其他的心理技能训练方法,相互结合,能增强归因训练的效果.     

跨栏技术学习的归因及其后效应的研究

本文对运动技术学习中影响学生的归因的因素以及归因对学生的情感、期望和意向的影响作初步的研究,结果表明学生的归因受学习结果、成绩等级和性别的影响,归因对学生的情感、期望和意向有显著的作用。     

我国青少年足球运动员比赛成败归因研究

运用访问调查、问卷调查和数理统计等研究方法对我国青少年足球运动员比赛成败自我归因与教练员归因特点进行研究,并比较了两者成败归因的一致性.结果表明,青少年足球运动员比赛成功后觉察到的主要原因是努力、身心状态、他人帮助和能力;比赛失败后觉察到的主要原因是身心状态、任务难度、能力和努力.运动员对比赛的归因与教练员对比赛的归因并不完全一致,对于比赛成功的归因,在他人帮助、身心状态和能力上教练员显著性的高于运动员;对于比赛失败的归因,在任务难度上教练员也显著性的高于运动员.     

高等学校体育课中实施归因训练的思考

归因训练是目前归因研究的重要领域,通过归因训练能够使参加体育课学习的高等学校学生将其成败归因、情感、期望水平和心境等向积极方向转化,继而提高学生的坚持性、成就动机等。     

普通高校健美操选修课中实施归因训练的实验研究

本文以健美操选修课教学为切入点,以学生考试为成败情境的体验,编制<普通高校健美操选修课归因调查问卷>,对山东师范大学2007级健美操选修班施测,并以归因训练为干预手段,对健美操选修班的学生进行了归因训练教学干预实验.结论:(1)在普通高校健美操选修课中实施归因训练可以使学生的成败归因向积极的方向转化;(2)通过归因训练,可以使学生追求成功的动机显著增强;(3)归因训练有助于提高健美操学习成绩,使学生有意识、系统地在大脑中加快动作概念的建立,加速动作技能的形成与巩固,而且还可以提高完成动作的质量和水平,达到较好的教学效果.     

体育学院学生学业成败归因特点研究

本研究采用问卷法调查了沈阳体育学院体育教育专业和运动训练专业学生在学业成就上的归国倾向，以及他们对学业成败结果的情感反应和对未来学习活动的期望。两个被试专业既有共同性也有差异性，同时还反映出体育专业的特殊性对体育大学生归因倾向的影响。本研究可为科学地了解、分析体院学生的学习动机、学习态度，改善学生的学习行为，提高学习效果和有效地进行教育工作提供一些理论依据。     

Effects of Achieving Tendency,Gender, and Outcome on Causal Attributions following Motor Performance

A test of Weiner's propositions of the effects of achieving tendency on causal attributions was conducted using a stabilometer performance as the criterion task. The Achieving Tendency Scale and the Internal-External Control Scale were administered to 930 college students. From these, 120 subjects who had extreme scores on the ATS and moderate scores on the I-E Scale were selected for the experiment. Subjects performed one 30-second trial on either a spring-assisted or a non-spring-assisted stabilometer. The importance of the causal factors of ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck as influences on performance were then rated. A 2 × 2 × 2 MANOVA was performed across the ratings of the four factors, with achieving tendency, gender, and outcome considered as independent variables. The only significant effect was a main effect for outcome (p < .001). Subsequent univariate analyses indicated that only effort attributions differed as a function of outcome (p < .001). Those who succeeded perceived effort to be more important than those who failed. Also, a significant univariate effect (p < .02) was found for gender on the luck factor; females perceived luck to be more important than did males. These results are discussed in terms of methodological and theoretical considerations.     

新时期体育中高考改革取向的审思

体育作为中高考必考科目及中考主科化的改革取向存在诸多理论问题和不足,主要体现为将体育考试(项目)与体育、健康等直接或过多关联,以及忽略体育中高考与受教育权、人才培养-社会价值体系之间的关系。研究认为:(1)体育考试(项目)与体育某种意义相分离,并可能导致学校体育的异化。这主要缘于学校体育相关人文、素养等体育本质和属性并非体育考试所能体现,体育考试的个体-体能化、量化等取向将对学校体育实质造成消解和异化。(2)体育考试(项目)与健康很大程度相分离,并可能悖离健康机理。(3)体育作为中高考必考科目及中考主科化将对受教育权和教育公平构成挑战。其核心问题为学生的受教育权不能因为某些非基本运动能力的不足而受到影响。(4)体育作为中高考必考科目及中考主科化将对学校人才培养体系和社会价值体系形成冲击。以上问题很大程度具有结构性、基本性,难以从操作层面予以解决。     

高师体育系体操专选班男生的个性研究

本研究采用《卡特尔16PF量表》对河南师范大学体育系体操专选班21名男生进行了人格测验与分析。结果显示：在聪慧性、稳定性、有恒性、敏感性和自律性等因素有较高取值，性格趋于外向，并稍有焦虑。综合判断：学生的心理健康，创造能力较强，在新环境中有成长能力，可望在专业上有所成就。     

Daps,Dykes and Five Mile Hikes: Physical Education in Pupils' Folklore

abstract

This paper explores the relationship between the school and the body. It does so by considering the transfer from primary to secondary school. Analysing children's and young adult's stories about transfer reveals that physical education (PE), and more generally the body, are central to pupils’ anticipations and anxieties about the move to secondary school. The paper argues that the fears pupils express about the dangers associated with secondary school PE should be placed within the context of the transition to adulthood. Secondary school PE is an integral part of the status passage to adulthood, during which the recognition of the body as physical, social and sexual is central.

     

武汉市体育中考项目设置对初中生身体机能、身体素质的影响分析

研究目的:了解体育中考项目设置对初中生体质水平产生影响的效果及存在的问题,为中学体育教学改革与创新提供科学依据。研究方法:将1995-2014年间5次全国学生体质健康调研中武汉市13-15岁初中学生的肺活量及身体素质指标的均值每5年分别进行两两间的差异显著性t检验,并将每一阶段学生身体机能、身体素质的统计结果与1998-2014年相应阶段武汉市体育中考项目进行对应分析。研究结果和结论:体育中考对初中生身体机能和多种身体素质的提高有明显促进作用;初中体育教学存在"应试教育"现象,且在参加中考的年级更为明显。建议科学设置体育中考项目,可设必测和选测项目两类,增加学生的自主选择权;应避免初中体育课"考什么就练什么"的急功近利做法。     

Students' motivational processes and their relationship to teacher ratings in school physical education: a self-determination theory approach

In the present study, we used a model of motivation grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1991; Ryan & Deci, 2000a, 2000b, 2002) to examine the relationship between physical education (PE) students' motivational processes and ratings of their effort and persistence as provided by their PE teacher. Data were obtained from 394 British secondary school students (204 boys, 189 girls, 1 gender not specified; M age = 11.97 years; SD = .89; range = 11-14 years) who responded to a multisection inventory (tapping autonomy-support, autonomy, competence, relatedness, and self-determined motivation). The students' respective PE teachers subsequently provided ratings reflecting the effort and persistence each student exhibited in their PE classes. The hypothesized relationships among the study variables were examined via structural equation modeling analysis using latent factors. Results of maximum likelihood analysis using the bootstrapping method revealed the proposed model demonstrated a good fit to the data, chi-squared (292) = 632.68, p < .001; comparative fit index = .95; incremental fit index = .95, standardized root mean square residual = .077; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .054 (90% confidence interval of RMSEA = .049 -.060). Specifically, the model showed that students who perceived an autonomy supportive environment experienced greater levels of autonomy, competence, and relatedness and had higher scores on an index of self-determination. Student-reported levels of self-determined motivation positively predicted teacher ratings of effort and persistence in PE. The findings are discussed with regard to enhancing student motivation in PE settings.     

The Validity of Academic Learning Time–Physical Education (ALT–PE) as a Process Measure of Achievement

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ALT–PE system (Version 2) is valid as a process approach to estimate student achievement. Students (N = 60) were randomly selected from a data base that includes pretest and posttest scores for two volleyball skills and seven sessions of videotaped instruction. Videotapes were collected using two cameras with a split-screen generator so most instruction and practice could be seen. ALT–PE data were coded from the videotapes. In addition to normal ALT–PE coding conventions, coders recorded the skill that was the focus of instruction. Combinations of context and learner involvement categories were summed for each skill across the seven class sessions and to form other logical categories (e.g., total motor appropriate intervals). Achievement scores were calculated by posttest on pretest regression for each skill with the residual score used for subsequent analysis. Residual achievement scores were correlated with summed ALT–PE categories. The results indicate for the serve both total motor appropriate and practice–motor appropriate intervals were related to student achievement. For the pass, practice–motor appropriate intervals were related to achievement and the total motor appropriate–achievement correlation failed significance. These results demonstrate the validity of the ALT–PE system as a process measure of achievement can be partially substantiated.     

Me,osteogenesis imperfecta,and my classmates in physical education lessons: a case study of embodied pedagogy in action

Pupils with disabilities have been found to experience a narrower physical education curriculum and participate less frequently than pupils without disabilities. A lack of knowledge, skills, relevant experiences and confidence amongst physical education (PE) teachers has been said to contribute to these differential educational experiences. This article adds to the paucity of research that analyses the PE experiences of pupils with disabilities while, at the same time, evaluating embodied pedagogy as a tool for better preparing PE teachers for their role as inclusive educators. Specifically, the article aims to: (1) explore the PE experiences of a university student named Violeta who lives with the condition of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI); (2) analyse the views of a group of prospective teachers who participated in a PE lesson (Experience 1) which included Violeta; and (3) examine the perceptions of a group of prospective teachers who participated in a simulated attempt at embodied pedagogy (Experience 2). Data were gathered using field notes, observations and interviews with Violeta and the prospective teachers who participated in Experience 1 and Experience 2. The findings suggest that in both Experience 1 and 2, the prospective teachers developed a greater aware of OI and a more positive attitude towards inclusive PE. That said, the nature of the student learning experience and their ability to empathetically imagine themselves in, and through, the bodies of others that were different from themselves varied significantly in Experience 1 and 2. Such a contrast, especially in relation to notions of alterity, related to the presence or absence of the other as a corporeal entity involved in the lessons. Neither Experience 1 or 2 was found to be ‘better’ than the other, they simply provided different contexts, resources and opportunities for learning to take place. We discuss some implications of these differences for those wishing to engage in embodied forms of pedagogy as a way of helping prospective teachers to have the knowledge, skills and experience to develop a more inclusive culture in school PE.     

对体育教学内容的情感化处理策略研究

体育教学内容(即体育课教材内容)是体育教学活动的基本要素之一。根据不同情绪发生的心理机制将体育教学内容作情感化处理的策略分两类:第一类是心理匹配策略,包括认知匹配策略和形式匹配策略;第二类是超出预期策略。