农村学龄期留守儿童体育教育现状及对策研究——以湖北省武汉市江夏区为例

通过问卷调查、访谈、文献资料、专家访谈等研究方法,从体育教育的视角对农村留守儿童的教育现状进行分析。研究认为,农村留守儿童的体育教育问题主要表现在体育教育主体的缺位、体育教育组织的匮乏、体育教育投入的不足、体育教育师资贫瘠、农村中小学体育教育边缘化等方面。提出了留守儿童体育教育的教师责任制,城乡体育课程标准因地制宜等建议,同时国家政策的惠及与政府的扶持,也是留守儿童健康成长的希望和保证。保障留守儿童体育教育是我国教育公平原则、和谐社会发展的重要体现。     

贵州省回族、布依族、苗族留守儿童体质状况对比分析

摘要：从贵州省农村中小学少数民族留守儿童中抽取750名回族、布依族、苗族留守儿童,对他们的身体形态、身体机能、身体素质进行统计对比。结果表明：三个民族留守儿童的体质健康各有优势又各有劣势,健康状况各不相同。建议根据各民族学生的体质状况有针对性地选择教学内容、教学方法及手段,确实提高少数民族留守儿童的身体素质。     

陕南农村留守儿童体育权利保护现状研究分析

近年来,我国开始对农村留守儿童关注,对农村留守儿童进行社会学、心理学和教育学相关的研究,从法律的角度对他们的受照顾权、生命健康权和受教育权等进行保护。农村留守儿童的生命健康权利容易受到威胁,由于农村地区缺乏医疗保障,他们生病时缺乏人照顾,容易受到人身伤害。为了促进我国可持续发展,促进新农村建设,要对农村留守儿童的权利进行保护。农村留守儿童的照顾权容易受到侵害,导致他们的生活质量下降,劳动负担加重。农村留守儿童的教育权利不能获得保障,由于他们的学习环境并不稳定,导致农村留守儿童的学习成绩下降。因此,我国应该对农村留守儿童的权利进行保护,增加农民收入,为农村留守儿童创造良好的生活和受教育的权利。     

体育合作学习模式对留守儿童生存教育价值研究

以体育合作学习为研究视角,针对当前留守儿童生存教育的欠缺,通过对5~6岁留守儿童进行为期16周的实验研究对体育合作学习模式对留守儿童生存教育价值进行了研究,并通过文献梳理,提出了建议:①采用效率提升、相互依赖的游戏方式提升体育合作学习效率;②体育合作学习要注意任务分工,形成良性的合作或竞争目标结构;③社会和政府要提升农村幼儿园师资力量,关注留守儿童生存教育问题等。     

体育参与对农村留守儿童身心健康影响的实证研究

为了提高农村留守儿童身心健康水平,采用文献资料、实验研究、访谈与数理统计的方法,分析体育参与对农村留守儿童身心健康影响及作用.研究表明:体育参与农村留守儿童身体健康、心理健康与社会适应都有积极促进作用.并从学校、家庭、社会等方面提出相关建议.     

浅析农村留守儿童安全意识问题教育

由于亲情的缺失,留守儿童在成长过程中逐渐暴露出安全、教育、心理、健康等一系列问题.留守儿童的问题不只是我国建设和谐社会以及新农村建设中的重点关注对象,更是建设和谐社会和新农村建设必须要解决的问题.近几年来农村留守儿童的安全教育问题已经引起了我国社会各界的广泛关注.本文从农村留守儿童安全意识问题现状分析其产生的原因,在其基础上,分别从家庭,学校,社会等方面提出解决对策.     

河南省农村留守儿童体育教育问题研究

文章基于对河南省留守儿童体育教育现状的调查和访谈,从家庭教育、学校教育、社会教育三个方面多角度地对河南省农民工留守儿童的体育教育现状以及存在的问题进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了相关建议。     

城市化背景下体育对农村留守儿童社会问题的改善研究

文章采用文献资料与逻辑分析法,通过对农村留守儿童存在的主要社会问题进行分析、探讨与思考.提出体育作为一种社会文化活动,一种科学的、健康的社会文化活动,发挥其体育的功能,有利于培养留守儿童良好的生活习惯与方式,促进留守儿童的社会化与同辈群体的融入.旨在为农村留守儿童的教育与社会化问题提供理论依据.     

农村留守儿童体育教育初探

近三年通过对贵州省劳务输出大县威宁县的调查研究,对威宁县农村留守儿童有了比较深入的了解。文章通过文献资料法、调查研究法、观察法以及与主管农村留守儿童事务的相关部门领导的个别访谈法,得出留守儿童体育教育的开展极为不乐观：按教学计划开课率仅为60%;依大纲开设体育课更不理想只为15%;三无（无计划无大纲无教案）教学现象还很普遍。     

农村留守儿童心理健康的体育促进措施

研究旨在考察课内外体育活动对留守儿童心理健康水平的促进作用,分析农村留守儿童的心理健康及体育活动现状,发现:留守儿童自我意识较低,情绪较不稳定,人际关系不和谐,感受到的社会支持较少;体育课开课率低,规范性欠缺,课外体育活动不足,农村学校体育教育和体育师资资源匮乏,管理制度不完善,家庭缺少对体育教育的重视。研究分别从课内外体育活动的视角,探讨以体育游戏、心理拓展训练及民族传统体育项目作为体育促进途径实施的意义和价值,提出针对性实施方案,为留守儿童体育教育指导提供参考。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。