宽带移动通信BPSK调频信号冲激响应增强算法

宽带移动通信信道处于微多径条件下由于带宽受限和多径传播导致的码间干扰使信号发生畸变,需要进行BPSK调制,增强冲激响应。在移动通信系统微多径条件下,提出一种宽带移动通信BPSK调频信号冲激响应增强算法,设计极大似然判决反馈均衡的宽带移动通信信号前馈调制算法,设计多径条件下宽带移动通信信道模型与最优接收机,得到多径条件下时延扩展与信道特性测量模型,在输入端周期性地发送超过信道脉冲响应长度的数据训练序列,基于极大似然准则进行BPSK调频信号调制,跟踪信道变化的能力,实现微多径条件下宽带移动通信的前馈调制。结果表明,算法能使波达方向角的相关峰值增强,调制特性更为稳健,输出信道冲激响应有较好的增益,增强带宽,提高了通信质量,展示了算法在移动通信信道改善方面的应用价值。     

基于负载阻抗激励的换能器串联调谐匹配设计

声换能器是由电子振荡器产生电信号激发换能器产生机械振动,将声能转变为电能的传感器件。换能器的串联调谐匹配设计是实现换能器频谱分析、数据记录或信号源产生的关键技术。提出一种基于负载阻抗宽带激励的换能器串联调谐匹配设计方法,系统方案设计包括通用的数据采集系统、声学基阵、收发转换和功率放大器以及模拟信号预处理机,声学基阵由4个换能器并联组成,实现电声、声电转换,当一个电信号送到基阵两端,基阵根据电信号振荡产生相应的声信号,通过DSP控制D/A转换器进行数/模转换,输出多路回波信号到功率放大器,引入阻抗匹配与功率激励方案,提高换能器回波微弱差异信息的能量增益,去除检测仪电路中耦合噪声,提高测定目标的方位能力。实验结果表明,该系统设计方案提高换能器回波微弱差异信息的能量增益,避免了换能器接收信号产生调谐失真,有效实现对水声信号的采集和回波接收。     

基于超外差接收的宽带混频小信号放大器设计

宽带混频小信号放大器是通过混频放大实现对微弱信号有效放大接收的装置,混频小信号放大器受到自激寄生振荡的影响,信号接收失真较大。提出一种基于超外差接收的受自激振荡的宽带混频小信号放大器电路设计方法。设计自激寄生振荡接收机前置电路,根据不同的接收信号强度,选择最佳的增益,得到自激寄生振荡可变增益控制放大器电路,采用输入控制模块和节电控制模块组合设计,实现自激振荡的宽带混频小信号放大器改进。仿真结果表明,采用该电路设计方法能有效实现对宽带混频的小信号放大滤波,干扰较少,提高了信号的检测性能。     

程控增益放大器的几种通用设计方法

在A/D测量范围调整,信号测量等应用领域,当外部输入信号范围很宽,量程过大时,需要通过可变增益的放大器电路将处理后的信号幅度置于后端采集电路的最佳工作区间内。本文介绍了工程应用中几种通用的程控增益放大器电路的设计方法,通过对比分析给出每种方法的最优应用情景。     

基于增益分配的本机振荡调幅发射机电路设计

调幅发射机广泛应用在信号采集和多功能通信系统中,传统的调幅发射机电路设计方法采用自振荡功率放大控制输入调谐回路,进行高频放大实现干扰抑制,发射机的功率增益分配不均衡,导致电路不稳定,容易自激。提出一种基于增益分配的本机振荡调幅发射机电路设计方法。设计的调幅发射机的总体电路中包括解调、基带信号滤波、调幅干扰抑制、增益分配干扰抑制和接收模块放大等几大部分,采用两级放大,运算放大器采用的是双运放LM358。采用ATmega128L与MMA7260设计点频调幅发射机的本机振荡滤波器,测试高通滤波模块的静态工作点,采用ADG3301设计调幅发射机的电平转换电路,采用增益分配原理,提高调幅发射机的放大功率。测试结果表明,设计的调幅发射机能有效平衡功率激励级和功放级的增益,兼顾了功率与效率,各级增益分配实现均衡,性能优越。     

修正的S—V超宽带信道模型特性的研究

信道模型是超宽带通信系统设计和研究的基础,分析研究修正的S-V信道模型特征参数,得到均方根时延扩展Trms的变化范围。仿真结果表明此信道能够较为准确的反映出UWB信道的时延扩展特性。应用该特征参数下的信道模型,可以为接收机的信道估计和信道均衡技术提供理论支撑。     

移动云计算中的时变通信信道估计算法

在移动云计算中,通过无线通信方式实现数据调度和传输,移动云计算通信信道具有时变特性,对其有效的信道均衡和相位估计是保证云计算质量的基础。传统的时变通信信道估计算法采用多模盲均衡算法,出现码间干扰和相位失衡。提出一种基于二次调频双稳态检测的移动云计算中的时变通信信道估计算法。首先进行移动云计算的通信信道模型构建,基于协议信道邻居构建的通信功率增益模型,进行信道划分协议设计,设计二次调频双稳态检测算法,采用同步算法减少系统子载波间的正交性抑制,得到移动云计算通信系统信道均衡系统,检测移动云计算信道的时变特征,实现准确估计,通过仿真实验进行性能验证。仿真结果表明,该算法具有较大的信道估计性能,抗干扰能力提高,信息增益提高,在云计算通信中具有较好的稳健性。     

应用FPGA和MSP430设计的微弱信号检测仪——基于电子工程实训教学案例

本系统是基于锁定放大器的微弱信号检测装置,用来检测在强干扰信号背景下已知频率的微弱正弦波信号的有效值,核心是锁定放大器的设计。该系统由π型衰减网络、加法器、微弱信号检测电路和显示电路组成。其中加法器和π型衰减网络生成所需微小信号,微弱信号检测电路和显示电路完成微小信号的检测并显示在液晶屏上。本系统是以锁定放大器为核心,将经衰减网络衰减产生的正弦参考信号经过放大整形后,接着通过由FPGA与MSP430组成的数字移相网络产生相位步进的方波去驱动开关乘法器,最后通过低通滤波器输出直流信号,该直流信号通过单片机进行处理并自动显示最终结果。本系统集成度高,能够精确、快速地实现对微弱信号的检测。     

数控测量放大器研究

传感器送来的微弱直流电压信号经由对称OP07组成的放大器放大16倍,输出给AD7520;由单片机的按键来控制衰减的倍数,给AD7520提供数字量,使最终电压增益2～16手动可调,步距为2,4,6,…16可任意选择,LED显示;应用该设计可将微弱直流电压信号变大到我们所需要的范围.     

基于权重均衡控制的嵌入式基阵信号接收系统

设计嵌入式基阵信号接收系统是构建自动测试系统和自动测试设备的基础。传统的基阵信号接收系统采用LXI总线设计,结合自适应波束形成算法实现信号采集和接收,由于阵列信号采集的随机性,导致加权均衡控制效果不好。提出一种基于权重均衡控制的嵌入式基阵信号接收系统设计方法。采用ARM嵌入式CPU为核心构成的系统,通过功率放大器将输出信号进行功率放大,进行波束形成算法那设计。采用TI的专用电源芯片实现系统电源供给,基阵信号的数据实时存储模块选择HPE1562E,数据采集模块选择8通道、垂直精度16位的196.608KSa/Sec/Chan数字化仪HP E1433A,通过权重均衡控制满足各分模块之间联系与控制的需求,提高了系统的功率增益,保证了系统的稳定性。系统设计包括了算法设计和硬件电路设计两部分。仿真结果表明,采用该系统能提高信号传输的鲁棒性,提高了基阵信号的分析和识别能力。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.