干扰避免的认知无线电图着色频谱分配算法

对传统的认知无线电图着色频谱分配算法进行了改进。在分配过程中动态更新干扰矩阵,使更多节点共享同一频段而不相互干扰,以此提高频谱利用率,对授权用户的干扰也可通过发射功率门限的设置来避免。在此基础上算法以最大化认知网络吞吐量为优化目标,仿真结果表明,采用新算法后,在无干扰条件下的网络吞吐量和信道传输速率都明显高于同类算法。     

引入衰落传输融合拓扑结构的频谱检测设计

频谱检测技术是无线电提高频谱利用率的重要环节,认知无线电在杂波融合条件下频谱感知检测受到杂波阴影衰落的影响,降低频谱检测概率。传统方法采用AD转换网络拓扑结构进行频谱感知,受到动态门限检测的影响,频谱感知检测效果不佳。提出一种基于动态阈值加权能量检测模型的无线电频谱感知检测算法,引入衰落传输融合拓扑结构,设计杂波背景下的信道融合准则,定义信道衰落因子,动态调整各认知用户的检测门限和传输可信度,基于动态阈值和可信度实现协作频谱感知检测,仿真实验证明采用该算法能大幅提高对无线电感知频谱的检测概率,克服传输信道中存在的阴影衰落的影响,检测性能优于传统算法。     

QoS优化筛选认知系统频谱资源差错控制

无线电认知系统频谱资源差错控制是决定无线电传输和通信质量优劣的关键。传统的无功率控制方法由于需要使用授权用户的先验信息,出现无线电频谱资源规模集群和感知预留,通信过程中,出现丢包率高和堵塞,频谱感知差错控制效率低下。考虑无线信道的时变特性,采用QoS优化筛选控制的方法,提出一种基于协作用户频谱感知模型的无线电认知系统频谱资源差错控制方法,采用CS.MA/CA信道访问MAC协议进行信道建模,得到QoS控制过程的时间线。基于能量检测K/N判决准则,建立无线电频谱感知差错控制判决模型。实验结果表明,采用该方法进行无线电认知系统频谱资源差错控制,频谱感知网络负载降低,传输时延减少,提高了资源包的接收率。     

基于分布传感的容迟自组织网络动态融合算法

通过对自组织网络动态融合,提高复杂应用环境下的无线传感网络的稳定性和通信能力。传统方法中对自组织网络动态融合采用时延-多普勒域动态重组的融合机制,导致相邻节点功率均衡偏差,融合性能不好。提出一种基于分布传感的容迟自组织网络动态融合算法。构建无线传感自组织网络的网络模型,设计短距离通信的主从式无线传输信道自适应跟踪技术和冲激响应特性分析模型,使用分段副本相关检测器对分布频段内频谱进行分段滤波和检测,进行无线传输信道自适应均衡设计,通过相关处理后,可消除这种多径干扰的影响,得到分布传感的容迟自组织网络动态融合结果,实验得出,该算法的融合精度较高,信号保真度较好,优于传统算法,展示了较好的应用价值。     

改进的同频干扰抑制算法及组网信道优化设计

移动通信WiFi网络与无线传感网络交叉组网时,容易产生同频干扰,影响通信质量和信道传输性能。在交叉组网过程中需要对同频干扰进行有效抑制,提高通信可靠性。传统的交叉组网同频干扰抑制算法采用盲源分离抗干扰算法,在交叉组网被动相干定位时时延较大,通信出现延迟。针对上述问题,提出一种改进的交叉组网同频干扰抑制算法,采用传统的盲源分离技术进行信道同频带内干扰噪声分离,对WiFi信道进行信息编码,采用OQPSK调制方法让整个网络都切换到选定的无干扰信道上,引入干扰避免机制,实现交叉组网信道优化设计。仿真实验表明,采用该算法进行同频干扰抑制和优化组网设计,有能效抑制重度的同频干扰,提高组网节点的吞吐量,保证了通信的可靠性。     

多模盲均衡宽带压缩频谱联合特征识别算法

传统固定频谱分配方案对频谱利用率较低,无法满足通信业务量的迅速扩大的需求。提出一种多模盲均衡宽带压缩频谱联合特征识别算法,首先构建多模盲均衡频谱感知网络模型,设计能量检测算法和信道融合准则,构建多模盲均衡宽带压缩频谱联合特征识别模型,基于非线性检验准则,构建判决统计模型。由于上层的频谱感知节点所要传送的信息量越大,通过特征识别,提高固定频谱分配方案对频谱的利用率。仿真实验表明,该算法能有效实现多模盲均衡宽带压缩频谱联合特征识别,提高无线频谱信号的感知和特征识别能力,特征识别的准确率提高,提高固定频谱分配方案对频谱的利用率,仿真实验展示了算法的优越性能。     

大数据网络协作传输优化编码方法

当前方法对大数据编码采用Turbo扩频编码方法,随着网络中的干扰强度的增大,解码性能不好,抗干扰能力不强。提出一种基于小区间同态映射加密的优化编码方法。首先构建了网络结构模型和大数据协作传输的信道模型,采用小区间同态映射加密方法对网络中的大数据进行数据结构剖分和密钥设计,恢复出信源的编码矢量,实现大数据协作传输优化编码方法。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行网络中大数据协作传输优化编码,编码矢量在特征空间中具有不可预测性,压缩率较高。     

基于LSTM神经网络的无人机通信频谱感知算法

为了提升无人机机群间的通信频谱利用效率,认知无线电技术被应用在无人机机群中。由于传统频谱感知算法易受到噪声干扰、受通信时延干扰、需要累积信号长,无法适应无人机机群间通信,本文提出了一种基于长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)的双门限无人机机群频谱感知算法。首先利用所有次级用户对频谱信号进行感知收集,随后将所有次级用户信号传入无人机融合节点,最后利用长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络进行感知判断。在仿真实验条件下与传统单门限能量协作算法、双门限能量协作算法比较,仿真结果表明在不同信噪比和虚警概率下,所提方法的检测性能均优于传统算法。     

基于多径分量重组的扩频通信信道均衡设计

扩频通信中,由于扩频码序列所占的带宽度远大于所传信息的最小带宽,引起码间干扰和信道失衡,通过对扩频通信的信道均衡设计,降低扩频通信的误码率。传统方法采用子信道载波干扰抑制的扩频通信信道均衡算法,通过扩频码控制子信道载波线性调频变化,实现码间干扰抑制,但该算法会引起时分复用系统之间的相位畸变,信道均衡效果不好。提出一种基于多径分量重组的扩频通信信道均衡算法。先构建了扩频通信的信道模型,分析了扩频通信信道的时变特性,采用多径分量重组实现码间干扰抑制,结合多阵元被动时间反转镜技术实现扩频通信的信道均衡。仿真结果表明,采用该算法进行扩频通信信道均衡和码间干扰抑制,降低通信误码率,改善通信质量,提高了扩频通信系统的稳定性和可靠性。     

改进的Hilbert变换无线网络信道邻阶均衡算法

针对传统方法中利用Hilbert变换进行无线网络信道均衡设计时,对网络拓扑结构中跨链路层邻阶边向量通信信道不能消除码间干扰的问题。对传统的基于Hilbert变换的无线网络信道盲均衡算法进行改进,引入经验模态分解技术,结合Hilbert谱分析方法,提出一种改进的Hilbert变换无线网络信道邻阶均衡算法。构建无线网络信道盲均衡系统,采用EMD分解和Hilbert谱分析相结合的方法对信道幅值、时间和频率之间关系进行估计,实现信道邻阶盲均衡。仿真实验表明,采用改进的Hilbert变换无线网络信道邻阶均衡算法进行无线网络通信,收敛速度较快,能有效消除跨链路层邻阶边向量码间干扰,稳态均方误差大幅降低。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.