综合理科课程理解的几个误区

通过详实的资料 ,对综合理科课程的涵义、产生和发展、课程类型、教学目标、教学评价特征以及与分科理科课程和理科综合考试的关系进行了全面论证 ,从而澄清了当前对于综合理科认识的几个误区     

综合理科课程理解的几个误区

通过详实的资料，对综合理科课程的涵义，产生和发展，课程类型，教学目标，教学评价特征以及与分科理科课程和理科综合考试的关系进行了全面论证，从而澄清了当前对于综合理科认识的几个误区。     

综合理科课程发展的历史、现状与建议

在我国,对综合理科课程的研究尚处于起步阶段。东北、上海、浙江等地的综合理科课程试验,也只是对某种类型的综合理科课程的理论与实践进行了初步的探索。回顾世界综合理科课程的发展史,考察国外综合理科课程的现状,分析其发展趋势,对我国综合理科课程改革具有借鉴意义。　　一、综合理科课程发展的历史(一)综合理科课程的产生1.综合理科课程产生的背景。自然科学教育分科课程向新综合方向发展的起因在于实用主义哲学的崛起。实用主义哲学的代表约翰·杜威开始怀疑自然实在论提出的知识客观实在性的论断。他指出把人的头脑视为能动而有探讨…     

北京市综合理科课程的编制与实施

北京市面向21世纪的课程改革方案中设计了与分科课程并存的综合理科课程，目前 正在进行综合理科课程的教材编写并将投入实验。文章对综合理科课程的价值与地位、北京 市综合理科课程的编制策略等进行了分析和探讨，同时对北京市21世纪综合理科课程的实施 提出了相关的对策和建议。     

综合理科课程改革现状及对策研究

八十年代末开始的对综合理科的研究打破了长期以来理科分科课程一统天下的局面。随着人们对开设综合理科课程的必要性认识的不断深入,许多教育工作者都认为综合理科是理科课程发展的一个趋势,而且已经在开展综合理科教育改革试验上达成了基本共识。综合理科也因此从“坐而论道”进入了“教学实验”阶段。以上海的《理科》教材教学试     

高师院校综合理科教学探讨

综合理科作为一种新的课程模式已经得到了教育界的认可。文章从综合理科课程的产生和发展以及我国综合理科现存的问题出发,针对综合理科的教学提出几点建议。     

新世纪初中综合理科课程设计的构思

20世纪60～70年代,国际上课程设置发生的最重要变化之一,是学科内容的范围起了巨大的变化,出现了综合理科课程。综合理科课程发展很快,1968年,在保加利亚的维纳召开的综合理科国际会议上,只有30～40个综合理科课程;到1978年在荷兰奈梅亨大学召开的综合理科教育国际会议上,已知道的综合理科课程有130个(还有很多是会上没有收集到的)。〔1〕根据《世界中学课程博览》中收集到的20世纪80年代对西方发达国家初中理科课程的统计,这些国家的科学课程基本上是以综合课程的形式开设的。〔2〕我国在20世纪20～30年代曾开设过综合课程,后因种种原因未…     

综合理科课程的新探索

２０世纪后半叶以来,综合理科的开发已成为世界范围内理科课程改革的主流。许多国家在克服分科理科课程缺陷的种种尝试中,设计出许多新的综合理科课程。本文拟对国外综合理科课程的综合范围、程度、方法及其特点作一初步探讨,以期对我国综合课程的研究与实验有所裨益     

战后日本高中综合理科课程的发展与思考

迄今为止,日本理科教育已有一百二十多年的历史。在这漫长而曲折的历程中,理科课程已形成两种基本形式,即分科理科和综合理科。纵观日本理科教育的发展历程可知,小学和初中理科自开设的那天起直至今日,始终采取综合理科的课程形式。而在高中理科课程体系中首次引入综合理科课程,     

综合理科教学情况调查与师资培训问题初探

综合理科课程是当今学校理科教学的一种模式,尽管国外自60年代起就出现了各种形式的综合理科课程,但在国内还是较新鲜的事物。浙江省采用自编的综合理科教材（称为《自然科学》）于1991年秋在省内三个试区进行试教后不断扩大试验,又于1993年秋起在全省初中一年级开始全面试行,至今已实施了几年。在1995年11月,国家教委基教司又批准广东省申报的《普通高中综合课程研究与实验》课题后,高中综合理科课程的研究与实验工作正在加紧进行。本文通过对浙江省部分综合理科任课教师进行问卷调查,并对收集到的资料作整理和分析,结合我们的认识对综合理科师资培训工作提出了建议,以供参考。     

教师的教学观念与教学行为研究——以综合科学课教师为例

观念是行动的灵魂,教育观念对教学起着指导和统率的作用。一切教学改革的困难都来自旧的教育观念的束缚。综合科学课程的设置与实施是一项复杂的课程改革,要求教师的观念与行为方式发生转变,即教师的知识观、课程观、教学观、学习观等必须转变。但是传统的观念与行为方式是长期形成的,要改变需要时间,是一个自觉的有意识的改变过程。因此,使教师明确应当具有的教育教学观念与教学行为表现,有助于教师转变旧的观念,进而促进综合科学课程的有效实施。     

Science teachers' beliefs about curriculum design

Teacher beliefs about curriculum design affect the quality of science education in schools, but science researchers know little about the interrelation of beliefs about alternative curriculum designs. This article describes a quantitative study of secondary science teachers' beliefs about curriculum design. A 33-item Science Curriculum Orientation Inventory (SCOI) was developed to measure five distinct orientations to curriculum: academic, cognitive processes, societycentred, humanistic, and technological. Data were collected from 810 integrated science, chemistry, physics, and biology teachers in Hong Kong. A confirmatory factor analysis of teacher responses to the SCOI indicated that science teachers' beliefs about curriculum design had a hierarchical structure; the five distinct curriculum orientations were positively correlated, forming a second-order curriculum, meta-orientation. Physics teachers were less society-oriented than biology, integrated science and chemistry teachers, and integrated science teachers were more humanistic than physics teachers. Although science teachers' beliefs about any of the five alternative curriculum designs did not vary with their teaching experience, the difference between beliefs about the cognitive processes orientation and the humanistic orientation increased when teachers had gained more teaching experience. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

Science teachers’ decision-making in Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage (AOUM) classrooms: taboo subjects and discourses of sex and sexuality in classroom settings

Sex education, especially in the southeastern USA, remains steeped in an Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage (AOUM) approach, which sets up barriers to the education of sexually active students. Research confirms that science education has the potential to facilitate discussion of controversial topics, including sex education. Science teachers in the USA, however, may face legislative challenges influenced by the local political and social climate. This study aims to understand how science teachers address and construct curriculum related to sex education topics in AOUM environments. A Foucauldian lens is used to examine how teachers’ discourses influence decision-making concerning sex education. Findings from the study suggest that the AOUM curriculum influences the ways in which science teachers make decisions about the curriculum and taboo subjects such as homosexuality and abortion. The study also suggests that students learn about sex and sexuality in ways directly related to their personal experiences. Finally, study findings suggest that personal controversies, such as those relating to sexual health, can be integrated into science education through forms of teacher education and professional development attuned to the different ways that AOUM policies affect science teaching practices.     

浙江省综合科学课程推进中的问题与省思——基于浙江省综合科学课程实施现状的实证研究

在我国其它省市实验区科学课程面对综合还是分科选择的难题之时,浙江省的科学课程改革与实施坚持着“综合”的导向,因而审视与反思浙江省综合科学课程推进中的问题成为必要。本文基于科学课程实施现状的调研、七个维度三个层次设计的访谈、对典型地区学校的课堂观察,提出浙江省综合科学课程推进中的问题,表现为“综合科学”与“组合科学”两种科学课程形态的并存;科学教师对科学课程性质与目标认识不到位;对课程资源理解不一,科学教材之外的课程资源开发不足;有效科学教学方式与方法的使用亟待专业引领。进而立足于综合科学课程实施中的难点,提出有效推进科学课程实施的根本在于以培养与培训相结合促进科学教师专业发展;以教材比较研究促进科学教材的完善;改革中考,促进科学教师对科学教学评价的探索。     

Measuring Pedagogy and the Integration of Engineering Design in STEM Classrooms

The present study examined changes in high school biology and technology education pedagogy during the first year of a three-year professional development (PD) program using the INSPIRES educative curriculum. The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) calls for the integration of science and engineering through inquiry-based pedagogy that shifts the burden of thinking from the teacher to the student. This call is especially challenging for teachers untrained in inquiry teaching and engineering or science concepts. The INSPIRES educative curriculum materials and PD provided a mechanism for teachers to transform their teaching to meet the NGSS challenges. This study followed a longitudinal triangulation mixed methods design. Selected lessons were video recorded, scored on the Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP) rubric, and examined for qualitative trends. Year 1 results indicated that teachers had begun to transform their teaching and pointed to particular lessons within the INSPIRES curriculum that most facilitated the reform. Instructional practices of participants improved significantly as a result of the INSPIRES PD program and also aligned with previous, similar studies. These findings provide insights for rethinking the structure of professional development, particularly in the integrated use of an educative curriculum aligned with intended professional development goals.

     

OPERATIONALIZING IDENTITY IN ACTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIRECT VERSUS PROBABILISTIC MEASURES OF CURRICULAR ROLE IDENTITY FOR INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE TEACHING

Teachers’ curricular role identities are those dimensions of their professional identities concerned with the use of curriculum materials. In a previous study, we developed and tested a survey instrument designed to measure preservice elementary teachers’ development of curricular role identity for science teaching through their use of science curriculum materials. In this follow-up study, a revised version of the survey was administered to a second group of preservice elementary teachers in the same science methods course, and data were analyzed within and across years. Results from this study suggest that preservice teachers articulated important similarities and differences between the curricular role identities for science teaching they attributed to themselves and to more experienced elementary teachers. Over time, they were often able to begin to appropriate the curricular role identities for science teaching that they attributed to more experienced elementary teachers. However, findings from the second survey administration also suggest that preservice teachers’ curricular role identities for science teaching are more stable when characterized by their actual curriculum design practices than when characterized by comparative, probabilistic means. These findings have important implications for science teacher education and curriculum development, as well as the operationalization of curricular role identity in education research.     

A Competence-Oriented Approach to Models and Modelling in Lower Secondary Science Education: Practices and Rationales Among Danish Teachers

A new science curriculum, with a significant emphasis on modelling, was recently adopted in Danish lower secondary education. The theoretical intentions behind the new curriculum include substantial changes to how teachers should address models and modelling in their practice. The purpose of this study is to analyse the alignment between the intentions and arguments for integrating models and modelling into science education, on the one hand, and teachers’ practices and rationales for integrating models and modelling into their teaching practice, on the other. First, this study outlines a theoretical competence-oriented modelling framework. This framework describes what kind of knowledge and practice of models and modelling needs to be integrated into teaching to accomplish a competence-oriented approach in this regard. Second, against the background of this framework, we conducted an empirical study of three teacher-teams’ talk about modelling and their practice of integrating models and modelling in their teaching. Our findings suggest that the participating teachers’ practices and rationales for integrating models and modelling into their teaching are characterised by a product-oriented approach that is not well aligned with competence-oriented teaching. Finally, we provide ideas for improving the alignment between theoretical intentions and teachers’ practice, targeted at science educators and curriculum designers.

     

Outcomes of the primary and early childhood science and technology education project at the university of Canberra

The aim of the Primary and Early Childhood Science and Technology Education Project (PECSTEP) is to improve teaching and learning in science and technology of by increasing the number of early childhood and primary teachers who are effective educators. PECSTEP is based on an interactive model of teaching and systematically links work on gender with the learning and teaching of science and technology. The project involves: a year-long inservice program which includes the development of a science curriculum unit by teachers in their schools; linking of the preservice and inservice programs; and the development of support networks for teachers. Each phase of PECSTEP has been researched by means of surveys, interviews and the use of diaries. Research questions have focussed particularly on changes in: teachers’ and student teachers’ attitudes to teaching science and technology; their perceptions of science and technology; their perceptions of their students’ responses and their understandings of how gender relates to these areas. Specializations: primary science curriculum, science teacher education, sociology of science, technology and education. Specializations: gender and science/science teacher education, feminist theory, curriculum theory. Specializations: Science education research, curriculum development.     

我国科学教育专业发展的现状及面临的困境透析

科学教育作为一个新兴专业,由于缺乏权威性的指导意见,在我国的发展面临诸多困境：专业建设缺乏规范化研究;课程体系、教学内容、教学方式陈旧落后;教学资源匮乏,师资队伍薄弱。针对存在的问题,借鉴美国的成功经验,科学教育专业发展应出台《科学教师专业标准》,改革课程体系、教学内容和教学方式,加强教学资源建设。     

研究性教学的内涵及其在高师生物教师教育课程中的运用

研究性教学是研究型大学的重要组成部分。现有研究成果从理论方面来讲,尚未厘清研究性教学的内涵与要素;从实践方面来看,缺乏从理科教师教育课程体系的角度来实施研究性教学。本文在分析研究性教学的内涵及其要素、总结高师教师教育课程实施研究性教学的意义与实践经验的基础上,对高师生物教师教育课程研究性教学的实施要素进行概括,以期为研究性教学的研究以及我国高师教育改革与发展提供借鉴。