The new supply chain's frontier: Information management

The purpose of this paper is to understand the key issues faced by supply chain (SC), current strategies and trends of this field, understand IT technical issues and implication for business performance and how IT can foster IM and help sort out the SC problems. Studies from different and recognised authors are reviewed, compiled and analysed in two aspects. First, a detailed picture of SC trends, issues and strategies is depicted. After, main concerns about IT, such as its goals, importance, pitfalls, and features are presented. Moreover, current applications of IT in SC and critical problems and competitive advantages in the IT implementation in the supply chain management's competitive priorities are detailed. SC's new configuration and reality have increased the level of uncertainties and risks present in supply chain activities. Some strategies to mitigate these problems have undermined the SC efficiency. Therefore, a new strategy that uses IT to make SC more robust and resilient should be developed. As a holistic problem, a modelling approach (SDDES) should be used as a tool to support this study.     

Information management as an enabler of knowledge management maturity: A South African perspective

This paper explores the much ignored but critically important subject of the perceived relationship between information and communications technology (ICT), information management (IM) and knowledge management (KM). Defining the border between ICT, IM and KM, and especially the maturity remains a highly debatable topic. These issues could be concisely summarized as being diverse and problematic and located across the spectrum of views. Prior studies suggest that even though KM is strongly entrenched and rests on the foundation of ICT and IM, very little is reported in the literature on ICT and IM as enablers to KM. From a large urban South African University engaged in numerous collaboration programs with industry, the authors gained insight into growth of KM maturity in industry groupings over a 5-year period. The authors applied an inventory developed by Kruger and Snyman [Kruger, C. J., & Snyman, M. M. M. (2007). A guideline for assessing the knowledge management maturity of organizations. South African Journal of Information Management,9(3). Electronic Journal [Online]. Available www.sajim.co.za. Accessed 15 October 2007] to a set of 86 organizations distributed over nine economic sectors in South Africa. In total 434 employees were interviewed over three group levels (operational, middle and senior management). This was achieved by having 178 senior practitioners to each interview three subjects (one in each group level).     

Information management for investigation and prevention of white-collar crime

White-collar crime is financial crime committed by upper class members of society for personal or organizational gain. White-collar criminals are individuals who tend to be wealthy, highly educated, and socially connected, and they are typically employed by and in legitimate organizations. This article presents a stage of growth model for knowledge management systems to support investigation and prevention of white-collar crime in business organizations. The four stages are labelled investigator-to-technology, investigator-to-investigator, investigator-to-information and investigator-to-application, respectively.     

Document management systems from current capabilities towards intelligent information retrieval: an overview

Documents circulating in paper form are increasingly being substituted by its electronic equivalent in the modern office today so that any stored document can be retrieved whenever needed later on. The office worker is already burdened with information overload, so effective and efficient retrieval facilities become an important factor affecting worker productivity. This paper first reviews the features of current document management systems with varying facilities to manage, store and retrieve either reference to documents or whole documents. Information retrieval databases, groupware products and workflow management systems are presented as developments to handle different needs, together with the underlying concepts of knowledge management. The two problems of worker finiteness and worker ignorance remain outstanding, as they are only partially addressed by the above-mentioned systems. The solution lies in a shift away from pull technology where the user has to actively initiate the request for information towards push technology, where available information is automatically delivered without user intervention. Intelligent information retrieval agents are presented as a solution together with a marketing scenario of how they can be introduced.     

基于B/S模式的重大危险源安全管理信息系统

在深入研究重大危险源安全管理的基础上,采用Struts结构,使用JDBC,Filter等J2EE中的关键技术,结合DAO模型和普遍受欢迎的B/S模式,实现了重大危险源安全管理信息系统。系统主要包括数据上传、地理信息系统、危险源辨识分级等9个功能模块。该系统为政府、企业加强重大危险源管理提供了科学高效的信息化管理工具。     

Innovating strategically in information and knowledge management: Applications of organizational behavior theory

A business school declares its strategy as becoming a leading European institution. As main vehicle for achieving recognition is the implementation of a top-down strategy naming five academic fields as key – (a) finance, (b) economics, (c) marketing, (d) law, accounting, and auditing, and (e) organizational behavior (OB). Top management allocates resources for research, academic activities, and positions to these five strategically chosen areas. Academic areas that are not strategically named must generate their own income through educational programs and research grants. Can OB serve as the platform to ensure the survival of IS/KMS? In our analysis, we found no other business school formulating a strategy along these lines; dominating strategic themes are internationalization, research excellence, and student environment. No academic field is singled out as strategic. We argue that selecting a few academic areas as a strategy is dysfunctional. We also found that OB is not very actively employed in research, be it positioning, theory, research model, analysis, or discussion. Hence, we do not find that OB offers any theorizing help to IS/KMS – this in contrast to innovation and change theories, for which we propose an framework as a means of defining IS/KMS research projects.     

信息系统推行全面质量管理问题的讨论

本文从分析信息系统所面临的形势、信息系统的特点及信息系统与生产系统本质的相似性出发,探论了信息系统引入全面质量管理的必要性和可行性,提出信息系统应推行全面质量管理的观点。     

Information,knowledge and collaboration management in the internationalisation of SMEs: A systematic literature review

Information and knowledge can be seen as key resources for improving the internationalisation processes of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Collaboration has also been considered as an important facilitator of these processes, particularly by nurturing information and knowledge sharing. However, the current literature is unclear about the way SMEs can access information and assimilate knowledge in a collaborative network context, to support decision-making. This paper systematically reviews the literature, examining the role of information, knowledge and collaboration in internationalisation decisions of SMEs. To this end, 38 relevant journal articles were analysed, with the identification of some important issues, as well as gaps in the existing empirical knowledge. This analysis provided valuable input for the development of research suggestions and directions for future work in this area.     

The implementation of the Spa Select System: Coming to grips with the cog in the machine

This paper illustrates the tribulations of implementing a technology-based system to aid management of information at a Spa and a Salon. While the implementation may itself appear to be rather simplistic, a number of issues of concern emerge. These range from inadequate planning, inability to define organizational processes, and resistance to change due to poor management of user skills and interests. While the organization eventually achieved the investment objective it had set out for itself, the process of implementation was riddled with problems—disgruntled employees, unfair compensation plans and a general discontentment with the system. The paper contextualizes a range of issues related to information management and how a technological solution resulted in resistance to change and business process management challenges.     

PDM在企业信息化建设中的应用和实施

本文介绍了PDM系统实施的必要性、PDM系统的概念及其关键技术、PDM系统在实施中需要注意的问题。因为PDM在对企业信息集成、提高企业的管理水平以及产品开发效率等方面的重大意义,使我国许多大中型企业充分认识到了其应用的重要性。所以PDM在企业信息化建设中的具体应用也越来越受到了人们的关注。     

企业信息化中IS/IT战略管理研究剖析

IS IT战略管理是当前信息技术研究与发展的重要内容 ,本文分析了企业信息化中存在的投资收益问题 ,即“信息悖论”问题 ,简要评述了近年来IS IT战略管理的研究现状 ,分析了研究中存在的问题和不足 ,并提出IS IT战略管理的进一步发展方向     

信息时代信息检索工具发展的新走向

通过分析传统检索工具和电子、网络型检索工具的优势和不足,可以看出传统检索工具是电子、网络型检索工具迅速发展的基础,二者相互补充、相互融合、长期共存。     

二级院系信息化管理平台的建设与应用

在当今信息化飞速发展的时代,针对学生、教师人数的不断增加,二级院系的各项管理工作和教学任务越来越艰巨,这就需要我们在不断规范各项工作的同时,充分利用现代化的信息管理手段建立信息化管理平台。文章主要介绍了数理学院在校园网基础上建设的信息化平台的设计思路、总体结构及实现技术,运用现代化的手段进行统一管理,从而进一步提高工作...     

On the governance of information: Introducing a new concept of governance to support the management of information

Information governance as an approach to better govern the use of information within and outside an organization is rapidly gaining popularity. A common and scientific ground for this approach has not yet been formulated. In this article the authors describe a definition for information governance, extending the common, one-dimensional approach into a more generic statement. Starting from the well-known principles of IT governance the authors further explore the aspects of both information and governance. Four hypotheses are proposed to give ground to the use of information governance. These hypotheses will be the basis for further research.     

Measurement of Errors in Clinical Laboratories

Laboratories have a major impact on patient safety as 80–90 % of all the diagnosis are made on the basis of laboratory tests. Laboratory errors have a reported frequency of 0.012–0.6 % of all test results. Patient safety is a managerial issue which can be enhanced by implementing active system to identify and monitor quality failures. This can be facilitated by reactive method which includes incident reporting followed by root cause analysis. This leads to identification and correction of weaknesses in policies and procedures in the system. Another way is proactive method like Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. In this focus is on entire examination process, anticipating major adverse events and pre-emptively prevent them from occurring. It is used for prospective risk analysis of high-risk processes to reduce the chance of errors in the laboratory and other patient care areas.     

信息技术在铁路LKJ基础数据管理中的应用

文章介绍了列车运行监控装置(简称LKJ)及LKJ基础数据的基本概念,以及LKJ及其基础数据在铁路行车安全中的重要性。基于现代信息技术的LKJ基础数据填报及审核管理信息系统的建立,加强了LKJ基础数据填报、审核、汇总等相关管理工作。通过分析LKJ基础数据填报及审核管理信息系统的具体设计和实现,从而说明了信息技术在LKJ基础数据填报、审核、汇总等管理环节中发挥的积极作用。     

Management information systems and strategic performances: The role of top team composition

Organizations adopt sophisticated management information systems, which provide top managers with an ample range of information to achieve multiple strategic performances. However, organizations differ in the extent to which they improve their performance. This paper analyzes the role of top management team in the relationship between management information systems and strategic performance. Using data collected from 92 top management teams, it analyses how different team compositions interact with a sophisticated management information system, and how this interaction affects strategic performances, which are focused on cost reduction and flexibility. The findings show how the effect of management information system on strategic performance (focused on flexibility) is moderated by top management team diversity.     

社会信息化过程中的信息分化与信息扶贫

在当代社会信息化发展的过程中,信息分化已经形成信息社会一种明显的技术区隔系统,无情地区隔着信息的富有者和信息的贫乏者,信息贫乏者是当代社会中的最大弱者。面对社会信息化过程中出现的信息贫乏者,政府和社会必须采取相应的扶贫措施来实现减困,尤其是要通过开展信息扶贫来实现减困。当前,我国信息扶贫工作的主要任务是：加强贫困地区的信息基础设施建设,为信息进入乡村创造条件;加强扶贫帮困数据库建设,有效地为用户提供信息服务;发展农村教育和信息培训,提高信息贫困者的信息素质;加强国际问的合作,争取联合国和信息富国的大力支持。     

医学信息资源管理与服务平台的研究与实现

采用元数据管理理念,研究了如何有效地对医学信息资源进行管理。同时在平台开发中,灵活运用分布式服务模式,方便医学工作者及科研人员便捷获取医学信息资源。最后,运用混合推荐算法,实现了医学信息资源的自动推荐,帮助医学工作者及科研人员更有效地发现自己所需的医学信息资源。     

Information retrieval in the workplace: A comparison of professional search practices

Legal researchers, recruitment professionals, healthcare information professionals, and patent analysts all undertake work tasks where search forms a core part of their duties. In these instances, the search task is often complex and time-consuming and requires specialist expertise to identify relevant documents and insights within large domain-specific repositories and collections. Several studies have been made investigating the search practices of professionals such as these, but few have attempted to directly compare their professional practices and so it remains unclear to what extent insights and approaches from one domain can be applied to another. In this paper we describe the results of a survey of a purposive sample of 108 legal researchers, 64 recruitment professionals and 107 healthcare information professionals. Their responses are compared with results from a previous survey of 81 patent analysts. The survey investigated their search practices and preferences, the types of functionality they value, and their requirements for future information retrieval systems. The results reveal that these professions share many fundamental needs and face similar challenges. In particular a continuing preference to formulate queries as Boolean expressions, the need to manage, organise and re-use search strategies and results and an ambivalence toward the use of relevance ranking. The results stress the importance of recall and coverage for the healthcare and patent professionals, while precision and recency were more important to the legal and recruitment professionals. The results also highlight the need to ensure that search systems give confidence to the professional searcher and so trust, explainability and accountability remains a significant challenge when developing such systems. The findings suggest that translational research between the different areas could benefit professionals across domains.