学生体质健康的影响因素与学校体育的应对

教育部公布的2004年全国学生体质健康监测结果显示,我国学生体质健康状况不容乐观。认为不良的教育观念、繁重的课余学习负担、学校体育的缺位、不良的卫生习惯和生活环境是导致我国学生体质健康水平下降的主要影响因素。为了学生体质健康水平的提升,从转变教育观念、调整学校体育的指导思想、教学内容、教学模式、学校家庭社会三结合等多角度提出应对策略。     

体育与健康课程实施的发展策略

课程实施是体育与健康课程理想得以实现、课程价值赖以生成的重要途径,是达成体育与健康课程愿景的战略通衢。为了切实提升体育与健康课程改革由课程愿景转变为课程现实的科学性和实效性,必须强化如下策略:体现中国特色,创新体育与健康课程实施的运行机制;树立新观念,真正发挥课堂教学的主渠道作用;注重实效,大力推广大课间体育活动;重视条件建设,提供强有力的课程资源保障;科研引路,充分发挥课程研究的牵引作用。     

体育与健康课程标准实施的几个关键点

通过对体育与健康课程标准的研究,提出实施体育与健康课程标准应把握研读课标抓变化、教学设计体现新、教学目标易评价、技能掌握是根本、学法指导善观察、分层分类综合评等策略。     

体育教学中思想品德教育和心理健康教育的结合

在体育新课程改革中,思想品德教育目标和心理健康教育目标必须有机结合,以实现二者的互补互动,相得益彰,而不能单纯强调一方,忽视另一方。其依据主要是：思想品德教育和心理健康教育存在着交叉互补、相互影响的关系,决定了两者有机结合的必要性;体育教学自身的特点,以及体育教学基本要素和基本环节的统一,为两者有机结合提供了现实条件。     

体育与健康课程标准的变化及困惑

通过对比分析体育与健康课程标准修订稿和实验稿,解读了体育与健康课程标准的变化:课程名称统一为"体育与健康";课程理念由过去的"以学生发展为中心,重视学生的主体地位"变为"以学生发展为中心,帮助学生学会体育与健康学习";"五大领域"整合成了4个学习方面,即把心理健康、社会适应合二为一,变成了心理健康与社会适应;实施指导更加具体和实用。但在课程内容、目标、评价等方面仍存在定位和操作性的困惑。     

关于体育与健康思想的几点思考

“健康第一”思想的提出,给学校体育提供了良好的发展机遇,而明确责任、加强实践教学、提高教师素质、改革体育考核方法无疑有助于学校体育贯彻“健康第一”的指导思想。     

我国体育教育专业健康教育课程存在的问题

《健康教育》课程构建健康教育知识体系框架的基础，调查发现《健康教育》课程在各校实际开设的随意性较大，教材建设滞后，教师缺少业务进修等情况，与体育与健康课程标准对体育教师应具有较高的健康教育专业知识与技能的要求不相称。     

对大学体育健康课程教学改革走向的探讨

面对体育教育改革的新发展，从大学体育教育应具有的时代性特征入手，从健康教育的角度，对大学体育健康课程的改革提出一些观点，以期为教学实践提供参考。     

体育与健康新课程实验研究

采用对比实验的方法，对按照《体育与健康教学大纲》和《体育与健康课程标准》教学的实际效果，从学生的身体形态、身体机能和运动能力的变化方面进行了比较研究。     

高校体育与健康教育的新理念

高校体育与健康教育要以邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想为指导,建立以人为本的体育理论体系;要关注学生的健康问题,坚持"健康第一"的指导思想,促进学生健康成长;要注重激发学生的运动兴趣,充分发挥学生的主观能动性,培养学生终身体育锻炼的习惯;要重视学生的素质教育问题,充分利用和开发体育与健康教育资源,为提高学生的综合素质服务。     

Healthy bodies: construction of the body and health in physical education

In physical education, bodies are not only moved but made. There are perceived expectations for bodies in physical education to be ‘healthy bodies’—for teachers to be ‘appropriate’ physical, fit, healthy and skilful ‘role models’ and for students to display a slim body that is equated with fitness and health. In teachers’ monitoring of students with the intention of regulating health behaviour, however, the surveillance of students’ bodies and associated assumptions about health practices are implicated in the (re)production of the ‘cult of the body’. In this paper, we consider issues of embodiment and power in a subject area where the visual and active body is central and we use data from Australian and Swedish schools to analyse the discourses of health and embodiment in physical education. In both Swedish and Australian physical education there were discourses related to a fit healthy body and an at risk healthy body. These discourses also acted through a range of techniques of power, particularly regulation and normalisation.     

Health education assessment practices used by physical education and health teachers in a collaborative action research

ABSTRACT

Background: The school setting is the ideal environment for encouraging students to adopt health-promoting behaviours (Chong, McCuaig and Rossi, 2018, “Primary Physical Education Specialists and their Perceived Role in the Explicit/Implicit Delivery of Health Education.” Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education 9 (2): 189–204. doi: 10.1080/25742981.2018.1452163). Schools are actively supporting the implementation of health education (HE) initiatives, and the potential contribution of physical education (PE) to these initiatives is recognised in a number of countries (Gray, MacIsaac and Jess, 2015, “Teaching ‘Health’ in Physical Education in a ‘Healthy’ Way.” Retos 28 (1): 165–172; Haerens, Kirk, Cardon and De Bourdeaudhuij, 2011, “Toward the Development of a Pedagogical Model for Health-Based Physical Education.” Quest 63 (3): 321–338. doi: 10.1080/00336297.2011.10483684). One of the biggest challenges faced by PE teachers is the assessment of student learning in the area of health (Bezeau, 2019, “L’accompagnement d’enseignantes en éducation physique et à la santé visant l’optimisation de leurs pratiques évaluatives en éducation à la santé.” PhD diss., Université de Sherbrooke; Turcotte, Gaudreau, Otis and Desbiens, 2010, “Les pratiques pédagogiques d’éducateurs physiques du primaire en éducation à la santé.” In Éducation à la santé, edited by Claire Isabelle, Louise Sauvé, and Monique Noël-Gaudreault, 717–738. Montréal: Revue des sciences de l’éducation). These challenges highlight the need for professional development that meets the needs of PE teachers in regard to the health component, in particular in terms of assessment practices (Turcotte, 2010, “Problématisation: l’éducation à la santé et l’éducation physique.” In Faire équipe pour une éducation à la santé en milieu scolaire, edited by Johanne Grenier, Joanne Otis, and Gilles Harvey, 25–48. Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec). However, teachers report that the professional development provided to better integrate health into PE is ineffective (Alfrey, Cale and Webb, 2012, “Physical Education Teachers’ Continuing Professional Development in Health-Related Exercise: A Figurational Analysis.” European Physical Education Review 18 (3): 361–379. doi: 10.1177/1356336X12450797; Makopoulou and Armour, 2011, “Teachers’ Professional Learning in a European Learning Society: the Case of Physical Education.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 16 (4): 417–433. doi: 10.1080/17408989.2010.548060). In order to optimise assessment practices in HE, the development of training methods that answer the real needs of PE teachers constitutes a potential solution to this problem. In this study, two PE teachers were supported in the operationalisation and appropriation of an innovative problem-solving process aimed at optimising their assessment practices in HE.

Objectives: The objectives of this article are to describe: 1) the operationalisation of strategies established by the participants targeting their assessment practices in HE, and 2) the evolution of these practices.

Method: A collaborative action research (CAR) approach was taken, and four methods of data collection were used: 1) individual interviews; 2) group interviews; 3) participant observation, and 4) logbooks. The data was collected over a 12-month period, overlapping two school years, and then analyzed through content analysis.

Findings: Results suggest that, despite the planning and implementation of strategies considered effective by the participants, their assessment practices in the gymnasium progressed very little, while their practices outside the gymnasium evolved considerably.

Conclusion: If we want to optimise assessment practices in HE, or teaching practices in general, we must put aside the question ‘why,’ and focus on ‘how’ to meet the challenges related to the implementation of this type of professional development. Bringing real change to teaching practices is a long process that requires an investment of time and effort from teachers, and starts with the optimisation of practices outside the learning environment.     

发挥体育学科优势促进心理健康教育

从心理健康教育的目的和任务出发，结合体育教学的特殊性以及自己多年的体育教学实践，阐述了在体育教学中如何开展心理健康教育的一些做法。     

普通高校体育与健康课程指导思想的研究

大学体育与健康课程教学指导思想应有“健康第一”为先导、以全面育人为中心、以身心协调发展为重点、以终身健身为方向。而要做到这些，首先要抓好教学大纲的制暄，其次要抓好大学体育与健康课程教材的建设。     

健康促进策略在高校体育教育中的应用与实施

关注人类健康是21世纪国际社会的共同主题,体育的健康促进价值越来越受到人们的重视,高校体育教育的发展,要站在提高全民族健康素质的战略高度,致力于促进学生身体健康、心理健康和社会适应能力的协调发展,切实提高青少年的健康水平;把"健康第一"作为体育教育的核心目标,在高等学校的体育教育中,引进并贯彻"健康促进"策略,以行为干预理论为基础,突出体育教育应是学生"习得健康知识—建构健康信息—巩固健康行为—养成健康习惯"的教育过程,为大学生带来更多的健康和幸福。     

中国学校体育50年的发展历程和基本经验

对中国学校体育50年发展历史进行深入、系统的研究，客观地评述50年来学校体育卫生改革与发展的历程、主要成就和基本经验。     

对体育中几个概念的讨论

在20多年的体育教学改革实验中，由于对体质与健康、运动文化、体育、体育手段等概念认识的偏差，影响了体育方向、目标、方法与效果。本着百家争鸣的方针，以实事求是的态度，在长期从事体育教学积累而来的一些经验的基础上提出自己的看法。     

Gender encounters: becoming teachers of physical education

Pre-service teachers of physical education (PE) bring understandings about gender and bodies to their university studies. These understandings are partially informed by biographies and experiences and bear potential to mediate learning and processes of becoming teachers. In this paper we explore technologies of power/knowledge and technologies of self that inform understandings of gender and the constitution of PE teacher subjectivities. Data were drawn from semi-structured interviews conducted with pre-service teachers studying at an Australian university. Foucault's theoretical perspectives around the constitution of subjects were drawn on to analyse data. Findings reveal that discursive practices frame particular ‘truths’ around gender and, hence, possibilities for being teachers of PE. Discourses of sport were significant in establishing a male norm for bodies and subjectivities. This was problematic for female participants who also turned to discourses of nurturing in constituting their subjectivities. Implications are raised for PE teacher educators with regard to disrupting hegemonic discourses as means for developing pedagogies for greater justice.     

关于体育课更名的历史与现实的思考

我国学校体育的主体部分-体育课，100年来，曾经经历了两次更名。第1次更名很有价值，第2次更名教训深刻。目前将面临第3次更名。通过对体育课更名的历史与现实的思考，认为决策应集思广益，科学论证，慎重从事，认为更名为体育与健身课，比更名为体育与健康课实施效果更好。     

试论体育教学对学生心理健康的影响

针对学生中存在的一些心理健康问题，论述了体育教学对学生心理健康的影响。合理运用体育教学特有的形式和内容，可以更有效地全面提高学生的健康水平。