学校体育文化发展特点及其前景展望

学校体育课程的性质应该是广义的文化教育课.这里的"文化教育"不仅要向学生传授一定的知识、技能,增强体质,养成良好的习惯,而且还要将体育作为一种思维方式、行为方式和生活方式传授给学生.学校体育课程应该成为真正意义上的文化活动,就是着眼于提高学生体育文化素养,培养学生的体育意识,使学生树立正确的体育观,并使学生具有丰富的体育文化知识.     

The naked truth: disability,sexual objectification,and the ESPN Body Issue

We critically analyze four images of female Paralympians posing nude in ESPN The Magazine’s Body Issue from the years 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2014. Past literature shows that media portrayals of female Paralympians emphasize esthetically pleasing bodies, able-bodied images and asexualization. Weaving’s continuum of sexual objectification was applied to assess the varying degrees of sexual objectification showcased within each image. From a feminist perspective, discourses of heteronormativity and ableism were applied to outline the concerns with female Paralympic representation in The Body Issue. We argue that by normalizing disability and sexual objectification, woman athletes are trivialized.     

Planning,practice and performance: the discursive formation of coaches' knowledge

This paper takes as its starting point that coaches' efforts at planning their athletes' training are a complex practice involving so many variables that the logic of how they all ‘fit together’ to produce a peak performance is never obvious or clear. However, many coaches operate as if their athletes' training programmes can be assembled in a coherent, rational manner, or as if ‘systems’ exist to make planning an orderly sequence of steps or stages. Drawing on the work of Foucault, and his call to problematise the development and formation of dominant practices, I examine in this paper the discursive construction of contemporary planning practices used by middle- and long-distance running coaches. Further, I discuss how coaches' knowledge of planning is enmeshed within relations of power, that weaved in discourses, and imprinted on athletes' bodies and bodily practices, attempt to assert the ‘truth’ about the practice of planning.     

Charismatic cops,patriarchs and a few good women: leadership,club culture and young peoples' drinking

The paper reports on key findings of a research project that examined the roles that community-based sporting clubs in the Australian state of Victoria play in shaping young people's understandings and uses of alcohol. Our research imagined clubs as community hubs that are located in complex networks that impact on the ways that clubs understand their locations in communities, and which have unpredictable influences and consequences on club histories, culture and orientations to issues such as young people and alcohol use. The paper focuses on understanding the key roles played by club leaders in facilitating change and transformation in these contexts, particularly in terms of alcohol-related practices and the potential impact of these on young people's uses and understanding of alcohol. We situate these findings in a framework that draws on the literature of complexity science and complex adaptive systems (CAS) to suggest that these practices and changes need to be understood in ways that allow for complexity, uncertainty, emergent behaviours and adaptive change.     

Primary school physical education and sports coaches: evidence from a study of School Sport Partnerships in north-west England

Drawing on interview data from a study of one School Sport Partnership (SSP) in north-west England, this paper examines (from the perspective of teachers): (1) some of the ways in which the SSP programme facilitated the increasing use of sports coaches to deliver aspects of physical education (PE) in state primary schools in England and (2) how coaches were accommodated within existing curricular arrangements. The use of coaches was found to be widespread and normalized, especially in extra-curricular PE which was often a coach-only zone. In some schools, coaches delivered all aspects of PE provision without the presence of teachers regardless of when the subject was delivered, and in other schools teachers were present but often acted in a supervisory capacity. This raised questions about the degree to which teachers were meaningfully involved in the planning and delivery of sessions and whether the use of coaches was likely to enhance teachers' confidence in, and specialist knowledge of, PE. Grounded in discussions of the differences between teaching and coaching pupils, teachers felt that coaches made a valuable contribution to the delivery of individual sports but often experienced particular difficulty in controlling pupil behaviour and classroom management, and that their lack of knowledge about pupils limited learning. It is concluded that it is only possible to adequately understand the trend towards using sports coaches and other non-specialists in PE by locating them within the context of broader social processes, especially the globalization of education policy and practices supported by shifts towards the privatization and marketization of education and other public sector reforms occurring in neo-liberal economies.     

成都市居民体质现状和变化规律探讨

目的：通过对2010年成都市国民体质监测幼儿、成年人和老年人人群数据的系统分析,并与2005年监测结果进行比较,探讨成都市幼儿、成年人和老年人的体质现状及变化趋势,为全民健身发展提供参考依据。方法：以2010年成都市国民体质监测幼儿、成年人和老年人作为研究对象,选取形态、机能、素质指标等作为分析指标,对不同性别、不同年龄段等人群体质状况进行分析,并与2005年监测结果进行分析比较。结果：随年龄增长,成都市幼儿身体充实度和成年人肥胖程度逐步增加,进入老年以后,肥胖程度有所下降。城镇人群身体形态指标均大于乡村。动脉血压随年龄增长逐步升高,35岁以后增幅较为明显。身体素质在幼儿时期（3~6岁）随年龄增长而提高,成年以后,随年龄增长而下降。分析发现,城乡人群体质水平无显著性差异。与2005年监测结果相比,幼儿、成年人身体形态指标测试值有不同幅度的增加,而身体机能和素质指标测试值则有较大幅度的下降。老年人身体形态与2005年相比无显著性差异,身体机能和素质水平较2005年有所提高。2010年成都市市民体质综合评价不合格率大于四川省平均水平,而优秀率和良好率则小于四川省平均水平。     

残障人体育的社会文化意义

笔者从文化学与社会学的角度出发,简要分析了残障人体育的社会文化意义,认为体育活动对残障人不仅有着特殊的医疗、保健和康复作用,而且具有重要的社会意义,应当引起各级政府和相关部门以及全社会的重视。     

美国学校健身课程与中国学校体育课程的比较

根据献资料,运用比较体育的研究方法,从两种体育课程的历史背景、教学目标、教学内容、考核内容进行分析,得出三点结论并提出两点建议。     

体育院校新生社会支持与身体自尊状况调查与分析

选用《社会支持评定量表》及《身体自尊量表》,对685名体育院校新生进行问卷调查。研究结果可为维护和促进体育院校新生身心健康提供参考依据,为体育院校有关部门总体上把握新生的心理健康水平提供参考。     

湖南省国培初中体育教师职业倦怠现状调查与分析

本文通过文献资料调研法、心理测量法、逻辑分析法、数理统计法等研究方法,对湖南省国培初中体育教师职业倦怠现状进行调查分析？结果表明：湖南省国培初中体育教师职业倦怠较为严重,在性别维度差异上,男性体育教师情绪衰竭和非人性化程度高于女性体育教师,而个人成就感低于女性体育教师;在教龄维度差异比较上,教龄11-19年阶段的体育老师情绪衰竭、非人性化维度和低成就感高于其他教龄阶段的教师;在学历维度差异比较中本科学历的体育教师职业倦怠程度高于专科学历的体育教师;在职称维度差异比较上,中教二级职称体育教师职业倦怠程度最为严重,高情绪衰竭、高非人性化和较低的成就感？建议,学校应为体育教师创设一个良好的工作环境,积极主动地关心体育教师的生活,支持？配合体育教师的工作,帮助他们解决一些实际生活困难,协调好教师的工作关系和人际关系,协助体育教师建立一个良好的教学环境。     

海派学校体育文化形成、特征与传承

在回顾海派学校体育历史脉络的基础上,阐述了海派学校体育文化开放、创新、领先和务实的核心特征。并提出未来海派体育文化的传承,要处理好根与魂的关系、继承与创新的关系、形式与质量的关系、短期效应与长期效应的关系。     

论高校体育文化的内涵、特征与功能

高校体育文化作为校园文化的一部分,是一种有深刻内涵和丰富外延的社会文化现象,是大学生在进行校园体育实践中形成的物质和精神财富。文章对高校体育文化的内涵、特征与功能作了初步的理论探讨,指出高校体育文化在高校文化建设中有着独特的地位和作用。     

女童乳房提前发育与血浆FSH、PRL、E_2等激素关系的研究及在体育选材中的意义

女童乳房提前发育与血浆ＦＳＨ、ＰＲＬ、Ｅ＿２等激素关系的研究及在体育选材中的意义吴明方（苏州大学２１５００６）ＯｎｔｈｅＲｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＥａｒｌｙＢｒｅａｓｔＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＹｏｕｎｇＧｉｒｌｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒＳｅｒｕ...     

体育课程性质辨析——兼评体质(健康)说的非课程化倾向

体育课程的性质如何定位不仅是理论认识问题,同时也是教学实践迫切需要解决的具体问题。本研究将“体育课程”纳入“课程”的范畴之中,从“文化—教育—课程教育—体育课程—新人的形成”这一逻辑关系出发,对体育课程的基本性质是“以运动文化的传承为平台,使新一代在‘文化化’的过程中成为社会所需要的新人”这一观点进行了论证。同时,针对体质(健康)说的“非课程化”倾向进行了批评。     

体育的功能、价值和体育学科的目标

关于体育的功能、价值和体育学科目标的讨论由来已久,但讨论结果是提出了笼统的“多功能论”．因此又引发了新的讨论。关于这个讨论,有从新的视角进行阐述和整理的必要。作就这个问题,进行了思考和论述。     

Physical Inactivity,Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes: An Evolutionary Perspective

Physical inactivity (and unhealthy nutrition) has distorted body composition and, in turn, reordered the proportions of myocyte and adipocyte insulin receptors. Insulin acting on adipocyte receptors produces less glucose uptake than does comparable interaction with myocyte receptors. Accordingly, in individuals with disproportionate muscle/fat composition, any given glucose load requires greater-than-normal pancreatic insulin secretion for adequate disposal. This hyperinsulinemia then becomes the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as insulin-sensitive tissues become desensitized. Because T2DM is rooted in potentially reversible lifestyle factors, rather than focusing on the intricacies of glucoregulation at the molecular level and on testing new drugs to control blood sugar, this article calls for a new prevention and treatment paradigm, in which exercise and weight control are essential and for which an inexpensive and acceptably accurate measure of body muscle and fat proportions is needed.     

日本体育、健康课程及教师教育对我国的启示

中日两国的基础教育均重视体育教育与健康教育,并力图把两者密切结合起来。我国基础教育《体育与健康》新课程标准颁布后,体育和健康教育如何贯彻成为一个关键问题。在此背景下,通过对日本体育与保健课程及教师教育进行分析,提出几点完善我国体育、健康课程体系以及教师教育体系的建议。     

体育专业大学生领悟社会支持、应对策略与心理压力三因素之间的结构方程模型研究

随着社会的发展,大学生心理压力越来越受到社会的关注。选取342名体育专业大学生作为测试对象,选用领悟社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷和体育专业大学生压力测评量表进行测量,使用结构方程模型分析心理压力、应对策略、社会支持间的关系及作用机制,构建体育专业大学生领悟社会支持、应对策略及心理压力之间的结构方程模型。最终的理想模型为GFI、AGFI、NFI、IFI、TLI、CFI均大于0.90,χ2/df小于3,RMSEA小于0.80。研究结果还显示:消极应对策略与心理压力呈显著正相关;家庭支持、其他支持与心理压力呈显著负相关;积极应对策略与社会支持呈显著正相关;应对策略在领悟社会支持与心理压力间起到了部分中介作用。因此,应该培养体育专业大学生的社会交往和领悟社会支持的能力,培养他们采用积极的应对策略,进而缓解心理压力。     

当前高校体育教学改革实践的特点、背景及启示

针对当前高校体育教学改革中丰富多彩的实践,分析了其特点。从现代体育、现代教育发展的角度探讨了体育教学改革的背景,并就当前高校体育改革中的几个具体问题提出了若干见解。     

南宁市幼儿、成年人及老年人体质现状特点

2 0 0 0年根据国家国民体质监测中心要求 ,对南宁市的幼儿、成年人及老年人的身体形态、机能、素质各项指标进行检测 ,结果显示南宁市不同人群的各项指标存在着年龄、性别、城乡、职业上的差异 ,体质总体达标率较低 ,3— 6岁幼儿体质不合格者超过 4 0 % ,2 0岁以后不合格者超过2 0 %。