Diverse experiences of women leading in higher education: locating networks and agency for leadership within a university context in Papua New Guinea

The ways in which women deliberately press back against practices of oppression and demonstrate agency in higher education institutions are highly contextual and culturally bound. The formal and informal networks that women develop and maintain are important elements of generating agency and enhancing women's access to and opportunities for leadership. This article presents a case study from research that explored women's leadership experiences in a higher education context in the Pacific Islands – Papua New Guinea. Situated within a feminist poststructural methodology, the research examined women's experiences of leadership and considered aspects that influenced women's access to formal leadership roles. The findings illustrated that the women faced numerous barriers to formal leadership opportunities. A range of culturally and contextually located approaches supported women to demonstrate agency with regard to their own leadership development and practice. This research highlighted the importance of considering the relationship between networks and agency and the impact of associated cultural and contextual practices within organisations, providing insights into the culturally located complexities of women's leadership in higher education contexts.     

There is nothing generic about graduate attributes: unpacking the scope of context

This paper sets out to examine the situated nature of graduate attributes through using activity systems theory to explore their contextual nature. It builds on earlier work into graduate attributes by examining the reasons behind the significant variation in their interpretation, thus providing an analysis of the contextual nature of teaching and the implications this has for research and policy. The paper examines the local and individual factors which have a significant influence on the ways in which graduate attributes are understood by teaching staff. Rather than describing graduate attributes as generic, this paper suggests that the teaching of graduate attributes is embedded in local meanings and highly situated and this needs to be acknowledged in higher education policymaking, curriculum design and teaching.     

试论高等教育成本分担与社会公平

从理论上分析了高等教育成本分担政策对社会公平的促进作用，指出实行高等教育成本分担政策可以促进社会在公共教育资源、收入分配和高等教育机会方面的公平。论述了高等教育成本分担政策在现实中表现出来的局限性，并根据具体情况提出了相关的政策建议。     

Educational psychology: Some questions of status

This article provides a synoptic account of historically changing conceptions and practices of social justice in Australian higher education policy. It maps the changes in this policy arena, beginning with the period following the Second World War and concluding with an analysis of the most recent policy proposals of the Bradley Review. Concurrently, it explores the different meanings ascribed to social justice, equity and social inclusion over this time span and what these have meant and will mean for students, particularly those from low socio-economic backgrounds. It concludes that a relational understanding of social justice – ‘recognitive justice’ – is yet to inform student equity policy in higher education, although this is now what is required in the context of the planned shift from mass to universal participation.     

我国现行高等教育成本分担政策评议

我国近年实施的高等教育成本分担政策,对高等教育大发展发挥了重要作用,功不可没。当前社会中存在的对高等教育成本分担政策的责难在于一种受剥夺的社会情绪。这种情绪产生于国家、社会、个体之间权利与义务的不平衡,学费偏高与学校经费浪费的对比,学费上涨过快与困难学生资助制度实施的滞后。应正确理解高等教育成本分担理论,采取切实措施消除这一政策实施过程中的负效应,继续发挥其促进高等教育发展的功能,以保证我国高等教育事业的可持续发展。     

高等教育与社会就业——一种公共政策的分析

高等教育与社会就业的关系极其复杂,一些研究发现了"就业"与"就学"的相互替代、高等教育发展与经济发展的"反周期"、高等教育调节分割的劳动力就业市场供需关系等现象,这些发现已经具有了公共政策的意义。事实上,很多国家在运用高等教育调节社会就业中取得成功。本文研究了高等教育调节社会就业的理论基础和主要经验,提出了我国现阶段运用高等教育作为公共政策工具调节社会就业的四个方面的政策选择。     

如何更好地补偿弱势群体？——机会平等理论视角下高校招生倾斜政策的比较研究

在基础教育与家庭社会经济背景尚存不平等的情况下,采取合适的高校招生倾斜政策对弱势群体进行补偿是十分必要的。在此基础上,通过对分配正义的理论分析,并结合优绩主义对才能的定义及其批判,探寻高校招生倾斜政策产生的理论渊源。基于约翰·罗默机会平等理论,从划分环境组别、确定努力类别、给予同等努力同等结果三个维度,分析了美国百分比计划、英国背景招生政策、中国三大专项计划的高校招生倾斜措施。结果发现,美国的百分比计划最接近机会平等理论的诉求,而英国的背景招生政策则在上述三维度均有改进空间,我国三大专项计划对弱势群体的识别较为粗糙,但政策执行更加有效。综合理论与实践,我国高校招生倾斜政策应进一步扩大覆盖面,重视对更多不利环境的补偿,且需通过多维度指标更加精准识别弱势群体。     

正确处理高等教育与社会生产的关系

高等教育服务于社会生产是我国的教育方针的组成部分,在处理高等教育与社会生产关系问题上,我们有经验,也有教训。解决这个问题,需要将学生系统知识的学习与实际工作能力的培养有机结合起来,而在当前我国产业升级的背景下,应关注学生人文素质和有效思维能力的培养。     

英国高等教育治理范式变革的诠释

在英国高等教育从精英型转变为大众型的进程中,其治理范式发生了深刻的变革,英国大学拨款委员会治理范式被体现新公共管理治理范式的基金委员会模式所取代。本文以基金委员会治理范式的创立、高等教育政策责任的分裂、市场因素的引入为时代背景,借用胡德的图式理论,剖析英国高等教育治理范式变革的关键要素:经济与政治危机、新思想的萌发、政策部门内部利益集体的重组以及不同政策目标新政策的形成,诠释英国高等教育治理范式变革的政治学意义。     

高等教育促进正向社会流动的策略研究

高等教育有利于促进正向社会流动,对我国社会阶层分化和变动起到重要和特殊的积极作用。通过对高等教育促进正向社会流动策略的研究,有助于更多社会中下阶层接受高质量的高等教育,从而实现自身的正向社会流动。     

Breaking and making curriculum from inside ‘policy storms’ in an Australian pre-service teacher education course

ABSTRACT

How teacher educators respond as policy actors from inside spaces where multiple policies and discourses collide provides insights into the ways in which policy plays out in educational contexts. By engaging and working within the uncertain space of our own contextual ‘policy storm’ we provide a narrative of enactment highlighting the roles and actions of policy actors simultaneously constrained and inspired by policy. We use the policy actor framework [Ball, S.J., Maguire, M., Braun, A., & Hoskins, K. (2011a). Policy actors: Doing policy work in schools, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 32(4), 625-639] to unpack policy meaning-making within university and faculty climates, teacher education, and curriculum reform in Health and Physical Education (HPE) in Australia. This paper has three tasks. Firstly, we set-up the conditions of uncertainty and possibility as a ‘policy storm’ and place where four disparate policies converged. Secondly, we provide an empirical and theoretical account of policy interpretation and enactment from the actors perspective. Finally, we test the policy actor framework to determine if it adequately describes our insider policy work. In moving beyond reductionist policy narratives we provide policy possibilities that illustrate enactment, are innovative, and explore the productive potential inside policy reform.     

A class act? Lecturers’ views on undergraduates’ employability

This article details the findings of a study into lecturers’ perceptions of undergraduate employability. The investigation employed interviews with the staff on a BA (Hons) in Education Studies course at a post-1992 university. The aim was to examine staff beliefs regarding their students’ potential employability in the business and finance sectors. The staff believed the degree offered students the opportunity to develop ‘transferable’ skills that could potentially make them employable in business and finance, thus helping the students develop ‘absolute’ employability. However, some interviewees also believed the students may encounter class-based disadvantages in the labour market with the result that aspects of the students’ ‘relative’ employability were beyond their capacity to intervene. In light of growing policy pressure upon higher education professionals to ‘deliver’ increasingly employability-driven curricula, it is concluded that further research is needed into staff perceptions of their roles and capacities within this area.     

政策与制度视域下的民办高职院校学生“专升本”问题研究——以北京地区民办高职院校为例的考察

2001年国家出台了允许专科学生参加普通高校＂专升本＂的政策。政策出台后,很快便引起了利益相关者,即学生和家长、转出学校以及转入学校的极大关注。与利益相关者的积极态度截然相反的是,政府一直对该政策态度模棱,时而放宽录取的口径,加大录取的比例;时而对其进行限制,压缩录取的名额。政府的矛盾态度与上述三方迥然的表现,使这一问题成为教育界和学术界长期以来争论的焦点。本文拟以北京地区民办高职院校的＂专升本＂问题为例,从政策与制度方面进行深入的解剖,并借鉴域外的经验,分析这一问题的走向和发展趋势,以为今后的政策制定提供参考。     

社会资本对教育机会公平的影响

社会资本对教育机会的介入,深刻地影响了我国教育的公平性。本文从社会资本的研究出发,通过分析高考移民与高考加分政策,即社会资本对高等教育入学机会的介入路径,探讨社会资本对教育机会公平的深刻影响,并试图追寻解决问题的途径。     

何为公正?美国大学生资助的路线评析

美国大学生资助政策经过约半个世纪的发展,经历了公平化资助、消极资助以及贷款化资助三个发展阶段,时至今日已更多地呈现出资助方式的贷款化和资助对象的"脱贫化"特征.虽然它在每一时期的政策变化都体现了时代的公正追求,但最终的发展却背离了政策的初衷,并受到美国社会的强烈反对.美国大学生资助政策的发展变化及趋势,对世界各国大学生资助政策的制定都具有重要的启发意义.     

我国高职教育发展的历史回顾和国际经验借鉴

我国的高职教育发展未能完全实现其初衷,即为产业发展输送合适的人才。鉴于此,在回顾我国高职教育发展历史的基础上,分析我国高职教育体系存在的结构问题,并结合国际上发展高职教育的三个案例,提出国家应调整职业教育体系的结构,同时反思政府在发展职业教育中的位置,进而提出推动公众力量参与的政策建议。     

When rights are not enough: What is? Moving towards new pedagogy for inclusive education within UK universities

There is confusion surrounding ‘Inclusion’. The aims and drivers of inclusive education (IE) as experienced in the 1990s to early 2000s, in the UK and globally, emerged from a ‘successful’ disability rights movement with its depiction of the medical model as pejorative and promotion of the social model. In education, what we currently experience are messy attempts at IE alongside growing collective anxiety and confusion, as some governments take reactionary policy steps. This paper engages with the ubiquitous and complex question of ‘IE' in the UK with specific reference to the intersectionality of ‘disability’ and its location within the University. It will problematise the UK rights agenda of the 1980s–1990s, locate and reflect on the complexities and conflicts of Inclusion and consider the need for new pedagogic developments. Such developments, it will be argued, emerge when one applies a critical eye to the impact of hegemony and ‘silence’ on the experiences of those with ‘disability’. This approach has been developed in other areas of social justice and diversity, that is, class, gender and ‘race', and it is argued that such an approach is needed with regard to ‘disability’. It is proposed that post-rights pedagogic developments linked to this may provide a sturdier basis from which UK inclusionists, in particular university educators, can locate their future work.     

高职教育招生规模的关联因素分析研究

将高职教育招生规模作为灰色系统,通过灰色关联分析、多元线性逐步回归分析,对湖北高职教育招生规模的相关因素进行了定性和定量研究,得到高职教育招生规模发展的显著相关因素:高中段在校生数、普高在校生数、普高毕业生数。据此对湖北省"十二五"时期高职教育招生规模发展趋势进行了合理分析。     

Academic and diversity consequences of affirmative action in Brazil

Since 2001, Brazilian universities have been implementing affirmative-action policies to correct the racial, social and ethnic disparities in university admissions. An examination of the social-inclusion policies at three public universities in Brazil – the University of Brasilia, the Federal University of Bahia and the State University of Campinas – was undertaken to analyse: (1) the impact of affirmative-action policies on campus diversity, (2) the academic performance of quota and non-quota students and (3) the predictive validity of the college entrance exam as a selection criterion. Using institutional enrolment, course grades in several academic programmes and retention indicators, the study finds that quota students do reasonably well and thus do not diminish the quality of their institutions. Academic performance varies by programme of study but, in general, variation is surprisingly slight. This latter finding suggests that the predictive validity of the college entrance exam is weak.     

大众化进程中高等教育的公平问题与社会流动

促进社会流动,实现社会公平是高等教育的重要社会功能,高等教育的公平问题是实现社会公平的前提。本文探讨了大众化进程中高等教育的政策改革和发展现状,并就如何最大程度地实现高等教育的公平进行了论述。文章着意于高等教育大众化过程中新问题产生的原因分析以及问题解决的途径探讨。